Prevalence of allergen sensitization among children with allergic rhinitis in Changzhou, China: a retrospective observational study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of sensitivity to common inhaled and food allergens among children with allergic rhinitis (AR) in Changzhou in eastern China and provide a basis for epidemiological research of pediatric allergic rhinitis and allergen avoidance in this region. METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study, a total of 1248 children with AR were enrolled at the Third People's Hospital of Changzhou between January 2018 and December 2019. The serum-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) to 19 kinds of inhaled and food allergens and serum total IgE were detected with the AllergyScreen test (Mediwiss Analytic GmbH, Moers, Germany). All participants had a positive reaction to at least one allergen in the test (the sIgE concentration ≥ 0.35 IU/ml). RESULTS: Among the patients, 818 (65.54%) were male and 430 (34.46%) were female, with 81 (6.50%) aged 1-3 year, 501 (40.14%) aged 4-7 year, and 666 (53.36%) aged 8-14 year. The positivity rate of inhaled allergens was 80.05% (n = 999), while the positivity rate of food allergens was 66.19% (n = 826). 828 patients (66.35%) were sensitized to multiple allergens. The most common inhaled allergens were Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (65.38%), mold mix (25.56%), house dust (20.67%), and dog hair dander (13.94%), and the most common food allergens were cow's milk (30.31%), cashew nut (27.9%), egg (22.68%), and beef (12.98%). With an increase in age, the inhaled allergen positivity rate showed a significant increase (P < 0.01), while the food allergen positivity rate decreased significantly (P < 0.01). There were significant age differences in total IgE levels (P < 0.01) and the total IgE level was highest in the group aged 8-14 year. CONCLUSIONS: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus was the most common sensitizing allergen in pediatric patients with AR in Changzhou. Several other inhaled and food allergens were also common. We observed that multiple allergenic factors play an important role in the occurrence and development of AR.

[Progress in application of mesenchymal stem cells for nasal inflammation disease].

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells which derived from the embryonic mesoderm. They have a high proliferative ability and can differentiate into various tissues of mesodermal origin including bone, cartilage and adipose tissue in vitro. Moreover, MSCs have also been shown to produce anti-inflammatory molecules which can modulate cellular and humoral immune responses. Because of their easy preparation, the capacity for self-renewal, multi-lineage differentiation and immunoregulatory effect, MSCs therapy becomes a promising tool in the treatment of tissue regeneration, anti-inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. In this review we will focus on the application of MSCs for nasal inflammation disease.