Insight into pyrrolizidine alkaloids degradation and the chemical structures of their degradation products using ultra high performance liquid chromatography and Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry.

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), released into the environment by donor plants, are absorbed by crops or transported by animals, posing a global food safety concern. Photolysis is an effective way to eliminate harmful substances in the environment or food. Photolysis happens as PAs move among plants, environment and crops. In this study, we first investigated the photolysis and hydrolysis of 15 PAs and identified their degradation products via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry. PAs were degraded under UV radiation but minimally affected by visible light from a xenon lamp, and solvent pH had little impact on their photolysis. PAs were stable in neutral and acidic solutions but degraded by 50% within 24 h in alkaline conditions. The degradation products of PAs were mainly PAs/PANOs isomers and some minor byproducts. Cytotoxicity and computational analysis revealed isomers had similar toxicity, with minor products being less toxic. This study is a precursor for revealing the potential PAs degradation dynamics in the environment and food products, providing a reference for systematic evaluations of potential health and ecological risks of their degradation products.

The effect of subaxillary endoscopic surgery without air inflation on the degree of pain and the incidence of complications in athletic patients with unilateral thyroid cancer

Objective: To investigate the effect of subaxillary inflatable endoscopic surgery on the degree of pain and the incidence of complications in athletic patients with unilateral thyroid cancer. Methods: Sixty athletic patients with unilateral thyroid carcinnma (TC) accepted treatment in the hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were chosen to be the object of the study. Adapting the means of random number table, they were split into 30 cases both in the control group and in the observation group. The control group were treated with traditional open surgery, and the observation group took the remedy with non-inflatable endoscopic surgery through axillary approach. The operation time, intraoperative bleeding, postoperative drainage volume, incision length and inpatient days; Satisfaction with the cosmetic effect of incision; Visual analogue scale (VAS); The occurrence of complications were contrasted within two groups. Results: Compare to the control group, the operation time, as well as postoperative drainage volume in the observation group increased fairly, and the amount of intraoperative bleeding, incision length and hospital stay considerably declined (P < 0.05); In contrast to the control group (56.67%), the satisfaction of the observation one with the cosmetic effect of incision (90.00%) was significantly higher (P < 0.05); In contrast to the control group, the VAS score of the observation group cut down considerably at 24h and 48h after operation (P < 0.05); In contrast with the control group (43.33%), the incidence of complications in the observation group (16.67%) decreased considerably(P < 0.05). (AU)