Exploring site-specific N application rate to reduce N footprint and increase crop production for green manure-rice rotation system in southern China.

Milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) is leguminous green manure (GM) which produces organic nitrogen (N) for subsequent crops and is widely planted and utilized to simultaneously reduce the use of synthetic N fertilizer and its environmental costs in rice systems. Determination of an optimal N application rate specific to the GM-rice system is challenging because of the large temporal and spatial variations in soil, climate, and field management conditions. To solve this problem, we developed a framework to explore the site-specific N application rate for the low-N footprint rice production system in southern China based on multi-site field experiments, farmer field survey, and process-based model (WHCNS_Rice, soil water heat carbon nitrogen simulator for rice). The results showed that a process-based model can explain >83.3% (p < 0.01) of the variation in rice yield, aboveground biomass, crop N uptake, and soil mineral N. Based on the scenario analysis of the tested WHCNS_Rice model, the simple regression equation was developed to implement site-specific N application rates that considered variations in GM biomass, soil, and climatic conditions. Simulation evaluation on nine provinces in southern China showed that the site-specific N application rate reduced regional synthetic N fertilizer input by 29.6 ± 17.8% and 65.3 ± 23.0% for single and early rice, respectively; decreased their total N footprints (NFs) by 23.4% and 49.3%, respectively; and without reduction in rice yield, compared with traditional farming N practices. The reduction in total NF was attributed to the reduced emissions from ammonia volatilization by 35.2%, N leaching by 28.4%, and N runoff by 32.7%. In this study, we suggested a low NF rice production system that can be obtained by combining GM with site-specific N application rate in southern China.

Adding functional properties to beer with jasmine tea extract.

Hops provide the characteristic bitter taste and attractive aroma to beer; in this study, hops were replaced by jasmine tea extract (JTE) during late-hopping. The addition of JTE improved the beer foam stability 1.52-fold, and increased the polyphenol and organic acid contents. Linalool was the most important aroma compound in hopped (HOPB) and jasmine tea beer (JTB), but other flavor components were markedly different, including dimeric catechins, flavone/flavonol glycosides, and bitter acids and derivatives. Sensory evaluation indicated that addition of JTE increased the floral and fresh-scent aromas, reduced bitterness and improved the organoleptic quality of the beer. The antioxidant capacity of JTB was much higher than that of HOPB. The inhibition of amylase activity by JTB was 30.5% higher than that of HOPB. Functional properties to beer were added by substituting jasmine tea extract for hops during late hopping.

Impact of tea leaves categories on physicochemical, antioxidant, and sensorial profiles of tea wine.

Introduction: Tea is the main raw material for preparing tea wine. Methods: In this research, four types of tea wine were prepared using different categories of tea leaves, including green tea, oolong tea, black tea, and dark tea, and the comparative study looking their physicochemical, sensorial, and antioxidant profiles were carried out. Results: The dynamic changes of total soluble solids, amino acids and ethanol concentrations, and pH were similar in four tea wines. The green tea wine (GTW) showed the highest consumption of total soluble solids and amino acids, and produced the highest concentrations of alcohol, malic, succinic, and lactic acid among all tea wines. The analysis of volatile components indicated the number and concentration of esters and alcohols increased significantly after fermentation of tea wines. GTW presented the highest volatile concentration, while oolong tea wine (OTW) showed the highest number of volatile compounds. GTW had the highest total catechins concentration of 404 mg/L and the highest ABTS value (1.63 mmol TEAC/mL), while OTW showed the highest DPPH value (1.00 mmol TEAC/mL). Moreover, OTW showed the highest score of sensory properties. Discussion: Therefore, the types of tea leaves used in the tea wine production interfere in its bioactive composition, sensorial, and antioxidant properties.

[Sailing kilometers for success means a heavy responsibility to bear and a long way to go].

Reviewing the 60-year history of Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology, we realise that it is now a tough period for journals and find the proper measure to deal with it. With the periodical achievements acknowledged, we focus more on the historical mission and responsibility of the future development as the publishers of Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology.

[Recognizing correctly of SCI].

The actual effect will be investigated by realizing the origin, background, founding purpose and the function of SCI. Thereby, the source of SCI and its irrationality, harmfulness are analyzed. And it will remind the scientific circle to recognize correctly and clearly of SCI.

[A citation analysis of Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology from 2005 to 2009].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the academic level and the quality of Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology (CJO) by analyzing its citation status. METHODS: Bibliometrics was used to analyze and evaluate the distribution of original papers in CJO in 2005-2009 based on the data of Chinese Medical Citation Index (CMCI). RESULTS: A total of 1358 papers were published in CJO between 2005 and 2009. Among them, 695 were cited for 2333 times, with an average of 3.36 times per cited paper. The papers were cited by authors from 26 provinces or municipalities or autonomous regions, Hongkong and Macao, China, as well as 2 from United States. The regions from where the papers had the highest citation were Beijing (202 times), Shanghai (93), Guangdong (82) and Shandong (69). The institutions with the highest citation rates were Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-Sen University (349 times) and Beijing Tongren Eye Center (265). CJO had been cited by more than 300 other journals in the past 5 years, such as International Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology and Chinese Journal of Practical Ophthalmology. CONCLUSIONS: CJO, which is the journal with the high quality and citation rate, is one of the resources with important information in ophthalmology. It is one of the prestigious medical journals in China.

Method for location of puncture point guided by digital mammography image.

The main purpose of this study was to develop a method that can optimize the algorithm for puncture point calculation, and therefore improve the accuracy of X-ray guided breast biopsy. The proposed method is: first, select two guiding points; then, use the guiding points to construct X-ray cone-beams, so the joining section of the cone-beams can be used to determine the puncture target point. The method was verified by a phantom emulation, in which the calculated target-points were all found within the central part of the target lesion, and far away from the boarder of the lesion (change the x-ray tube angle by 15° would only cause a slight deviation no more than 1.4 mm), the accuracy is enough to fulfill the needs of biopsy operation. This study also found out that, the shorter the distance between the guiding point and the center of the lesion's project, the nearer the calculated biopsy-point will be to the actual lesion center.