The dysfunction of CD8+ T cells triggered by endometriotic stromal cells promotes the immune survival of endometriosis.

Endometriosis is defined as an oestrogen-dependent and inflammatory gynaecological disease of which the pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the cellular heterogeneity and reveal the effect of CD8+ T cells on the progress of endometriosis. Three ovarian endometriosis patients were collected, and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) progressed and delineated the cellular landscape of endometriosis containing five cell clusters. The endometrial cells (EMCs) were the major component, of which the mesenchymal cells were preponderant and characterized with increased inflammation and oestrogen synthesis in endometriosis. The proportion of T cells, mainly CD8+ T cells rather than CD4+, was reduced in endometriotic lesions, and the cytokines and cytotoxicity of ectopic T cells were depressed. CD8+ T cells depressed the proliferation of ESCs through inhibiting CDK1/CCNB1 pathway to arrest the cell cycle and triggered inflammation through activating STAT1 pathway. Correspondingly, the coculture with ESCs resulted in the dysfunction of CD8+ T cells through upregulating STAT1/PDCD1 pathway and glycolysis-promoted metabolism reprogramming. The endometriotic lesions were larger in nude mouse models with T-cell deficiency than the normal mouse models. The inhibition of T cells via CD90.2 or CD8A antibody increased the endometriotic lesions in mouse models, and the supplement of T cells to nude mouse models diminished the lesion sizes. In conclusion, this study revealed the global cellular variation of endometriosis among which the cellular count and physiology of EMCs and T cells were significantly changed. The depressed cytotoxicity and aberrant metabolism of CD8+ T cells were induced by ESCs with the activation of STAT1/PDCD1 pathway resulting in immune survival to promote endometriosis.

Multi-omics integration highlights the role of ubiquitination in endometriosis fibrosis.

BACKGROUND: Endometriosis, characterized by the presence of active endometrial-like tissues outside the uterus, causes symptoms like dysmenorrhea and infertility due to the fibrosis of endometrial cells, which involves excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Ubiquitination, an important post-transcriptional modification, regulates various biological processes in human diseases. However, its role in the fibrosis process in endometriosis remains unclear. METHODS: We employed multi-omics approaches on two cohorts of endometriosis patients with 39 samples. GO terms and KEGG pathways enrichment analyses were used to investigate the functional changes involved in endometriosis. Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between global proteome and ubiquitylome in endometriosis. The protein expression levels of ubiquitin-, fibrosis-related proteins, and E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM33 were validated via Western blot. Transfecting human endometrial stroma cells (hESCs) with TRIM33 small interfering RNA (siRNA) in vitro to explore how TRIM33 affects fibrosis-related proteins. RESULTS: Integration of proteomics and transcriptomics showed genes with concurrent change of both mRNA and protein level which involved in ECM production in ectopic endometria. Ubiquitylomics distinguished 1647 and 1698 ubiquitinated lysine sites in the ectopic (EC) group compared to the normal (NC) and eutopic (EU) groups, respectively. Further multi-omics integration highlighted the essential role of ubiquitination in key fibrosis regulators in endometriosis. Correlation analysis between proteome and ubiquitylome showed correlation coefficients of 0.32 and 0.36 for ubiquitinated fibrosis proteins in EC/NC and EC/EU groups, respectively, indicating positive regulation of fibrosis-related protein expression by ubiquitination in ectopic lesions. We identified ubiquitination in 41 pivotal proteins within the fibrosis-related pathway of endometriosis. Finally, the elevated expression of TGFBR1/α-SMA/FAP/FN1/Collagen1 proteins in EC tissues were validated across independent samples. More importantly, we demonstrated that both the mRNA and protein levels of TRIM33 were reduced in endometriotic tissues. Knockdown of TRIM33 promoted TGFBR1/p-SMAD2/α-SMA/FN1 protein expressions in hESCs but did not significantly affect Collagen1/FAP levels, suggesting its inhibitory effect on fibrosis in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: This study, employing multi-omics approaches, provides novel insights into endometriosis ubiquitination profiles and reveals aberrant expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM33 in endometriotic tissues, emphasizing their critical involvement in fibrosis pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.

Functional divergences of natural variations of TaNAM-A1 in controlling leaf senescence during wheat grain filling.

Leaf senescence is an essential physiological process related to grain yield potential and nutritional quality. Green leaf duration (GLD) after anthesis directly reflects the leaf senescence process and exhibits large genotypic differences in common wheat; however, the underlying gene regulatory mechanism is still lacking. Here, we identified TaNAM-A1 as the causal gene of the major loci qGLD-6A for GLD during grain filling by map-based cloning. Transgenic assays and TILLING mutant analyses demonstrated that TaNAM-A1 played a critical role in regulating leaf senescence, and also affected spike length and grain size. Furthermore, the functional divergences among the three haplotypes of TaNAM-A1 were systematically evaluated. Wheat varieties with TaNAM-A1d (containing two mutations in the coding DNA sequence of TaNAM-A1) exhibited a longer GLD and superior yield-related traits compared to those with the wild type TaNAM-A1a. All three haplotypes were functional in activating the expression of genes involved in macromolecule degradation and mineral nutrient remobilization, with TaNAM-A1a showing the strongest activity and TaNAM-A1d the weakest. TaNAM-A1 also modulated the expression of the senescence-related transcription factors TaNAC-S-7A and TaNAC016-3A. TaNAC016-3A enhanced the transcriptional activation ability of TaNAM-A1a by protein-protein interaction, thereby promoting the senescence process. Our study offers new insights into the fine-tuning of the leaf functional period and grain yield formation for wheat breeding under various geographical climatic conditions.

In-Situ Generated Trimetallic Molybdate Nanoflowers on Ni Foam Assisted with Microwave for Highly Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is considered as a critical half-cell reaction of water splitting, the kinetics of which is sluggish even not favored, thus requiring highly active electrocatalysts to shrink the reaction energy barrier and improve the energy conversion efficiency. In this study, In-situ generated trimetallic molybdate nanoflowers on Ni foam by a straightforward and time-saving solvothermal method assisted with microwave, not only bring synergistic effect into full play between multiple metals, but also construct a well-defined nanoflower-like structure accompanied by larger specific area (273.3 m2 g-1 ) and smaller size than the pristine NiMoO4 . The resulting Ni0.9 Al0.1 MoO4 -NF requires a relatively low overpotential of 266 mV for OER at 10 mA cm-2 , which outperforms commercial RuO2 catalysts (274 mV). Such excellent performance compares favorably to most previously reported NiMoO4 -based electrocatalysts for OER. This work not only supplies a facile method to construct a well-defined nanoflower-like structure on foam, but also broadens our horizons into the mechanism of OER in alkaline conditions.

RhoA/ROCK pathway mediates the effect of oestrogen on regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition and proliferation in endometriosis.

Endometriosis is a benign gynaecological disease appearing with pelvic pain, rising dysmenorrhoea and infertility seriously impacting on 10% of reproductive-age females. This research attempts to demonstrate the function and molecular mechanism of RhoA/ROCK pathway on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and proliferation in endometriosis. The expression of Rho family was abnormally changed in endometriotic lesions; in particular, RhoA and ROCK1/2 were significantly elevated. Overexpression of RhoA in human eutopic endometrial epithelial cells (eutopic EECs) enhanced the cell mobility, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and proliferation, and RhoA knockdown exhibited the opposite function. Oestrogen up-regulated the RhoA activity and expression of RhoA and ROCK1/2. RhoA overexpression reinforced the effect of oestrogen on promoting EMT and proliferation, and RhoA knockdown impaired the effect of oestrogen. oestrogen receptor α (ERα) was involved with the regulation of oestrogen on EMT and proliferation and up-regulated RhoA activity and expression of RhoA and ROCK1/2. The function of ERα was modulated by the change in RhoA expression. Furthermore, phosphorylated ERK that was enhanced by oestrogen and ERα promoted the protein expression of RhoA/ROCK pathway. Endometriosis mouse model revealed that oestrogen enhanced the size and weight of endometriotic lesions. The expression of RhoA and phosphorylated ERK in mouse endometriotic lesions was significantly elevated by oestrogen. We conclude that abnormal activated RhoA/ROCK pathway in endometriosis is responsible for the function of oestrogen/ERα/ERK signalling, which promoted EMT and proliferation and resulted in the development of endometriosis.

SMAGP knockdown inhibits the malignant phenotypes of glioblastoma cells by inactivating the PI3K/Akt pathway.

Small trans-membrane and glycosylated protein (SMAGP), a novel small trans-membrane glycoprotein, is reported to be upregulated in multiple cancers and involved in tumor development. However, little is known about its role in the development of glioblastoma (GBM). GEPIA database was used to analyze SMAGP expression and evaluate the prognostic value of SMAGP in GBM. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were used to predict the biological functions and pathways of SMAGP and 948 SMAGP-correlated genes using DAVID database. Cell viability, colony formation ability, apoptosis, and invasion were evaluated by MTT, colony formation assay, flow cytometry analysis, and Transwell invasion assay, respectively. Western blot was applied to detect the expression of SMAGP, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9 and analyze the changes of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling. Results showed that SMAGP was upregulated and correlated with poor prognosis in GBM. Functional annotation analysis revealed that SMAGP and 948 SMAGP-correlated genes were primarily associated with cell adhesion and PI3K/Akt pathway. SMAGP interference inhibited cell viability and colony formation ability and promoted apoptosis in GBM cells. Moreover, SMAGP interference inhibited GBM cell invasion and suppressed MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. Additionally, SMAGP silencing inhibited the PI3K/Akt pathway in GBM cells. Overexpression of Akt abolished the effects of SMAGP knockdown on the malignant phenotypes of GBM cells. In conclusion, SMAGP silencing inhibited the malignant phenotypes of GBM cells by inactivating the PI3K/Akt pathway.

Establishment of an immortalized stromal cell line derived from human Endometriotic lesion.

BACKGROUND: Endometriosis is a benign gynecological disease with obviously feature of estrogen-dependence and inflammatory response. The applications of primary endometriotic stromal cells in research of endometriosis are restricted for short life span, dedifferentiation of hormone and cytokine responsiveness. The objective of this study was to establish and characterize immortalized human endometriotic stromal cells (ihESCs). METHODS: The endometriotic samples were from a patient with ovarian endometriosis and the primary endometriotic stromal cells were isolated from the endometriotic tissues. The primary cells were infected by lentivirus to establish telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)-induced immortalized cells. Quantification of mRNA and proteins was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western Blot. CCK-8 assay and EdU labeling assay were assigned to assess the growth of ihESCs. Karyotype assay was performed to detect the chromosomes of ihESCs. Colony formation assay and nude mouse tumorigenicity assay were used to evaluate colony-formation and tumorigenesis abilities. RESULTS: ihESCs continuously overexpressed hTERT via infection of lentivirus and significant extended the life span reaching 31 passages. The morphology, proliferation and karyotype of ihESCs remained unchanged. The expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, estrogen-metabolizing proteins and estrogen/progesterone receptors (ERs and PRs) were unaltered. Furthermore, the treatment of estrogen increased the proliferation and EMT of ihESCs. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and IL-1ß remarkably induced inflammatory response. The clonogenesis ability of ihESCs was consistent with primary cells, which were much lower than Ishikawa cells. In addition, nude mouse tumorigenicity assay demonstrated that ihESCs were unable to trigger tumor formation. CONCLUSION: This study established and characterized an immortalized endometriotic stromal cell line that exhibited longer life span and kept the cellular morphology and physiological function as the primary cells. The immortalized cells remained normal feedback to estrogen and inflammatory response. Moreover, the immortalized cells were not available with tumorigenic ability. Therefore, ihESCs would be serviceable as in vitro cell tool to investigate the pathogenesis of endometriosis.

Successful resection of a huge schwannoma of the aortic root with 5-years follow-up.

Primary benign schwannomas of the heart are very rare. We report the case of a patient with a huge schwannoma of unique aortic origin. The complete resection of the rare tumor has been successfully performed. There is no recurrent tumor in the 5 years follow-up. We focus our attention on the surgical technique.

Vaccination coverage and its determinants among migrant children in Guangdong, China.

BACKGROUND: Guangdong province attracted more than 31 million migrants in 2010. But few studies were performed to estimate the complete and age-appropriate immunization coverage and determine risk factors of migrant children. METHODS: 1610 migrant children aged 12-59 months from 70 villages were interviewed in Guangdong. Demographic characteristics, primary caregiver's knowledge and attitude toward immunization, and child's immunization history were obtained. UTD and age-appropriate immunization rates for the following five vaccines and the overall series (1:3:3:3:1 immunization series) were assessed: one dose of BCG, three doses of DTP, OPV and HepB, one dose of MCV. Risk factors for not being UTD for the 1:3:3:3:1 immunization series were explored. RESULTS: For each antigen, the UTD immunization rate was above 71%, but the age-appropriate immunization rates for BCG, HepB, OPV, DPT and MCV were only 47.8%, 45.1%, 47.1%, 46.8% and 37.2%, respectively. The 1st dose was most likely to be delayed within them. For the 1:3:3:3:1 immunization series, the UTD immunization rate and age-appropriate immunization rate were 64.9% and 12.4% respectively. Several factors as below were significantly associated with UTD immunization. The primary caregiver's determinants were their occupation, knowledge and attitude toward immunization. The child's determinants were sex, Hukou, birth place, residential buildings and family income. CONCLUSIONS: Alarmingly low immunization coverage of migrant children should be closely monitored by NIISS. Primary caregiver and child's determinants should be considered when taking measures. Strategies to strengthen active out-reach activities and health education for primary caregivers needed to be developed to improve their immunization coverage.

Repair of idiopathic dilatation of the right atrium.

Idiopathic dilatation of the right atrium is a rare cardiac anomaly. The surgical management of this rare cardiac anomaly is reviewed.

A Real-World Pharmacovigilance Study of Ceftazidime/Avibactam: Data Mining of the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System Database.

Ceftazidime/avibactam (CAZ/AVI) is a combination of a well-known third-generation, broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a new beta-lactamase inhibitor that has been approved for the treatment of various infectious diseases (especially multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The current study extensively assessed CAZ/AVI-related adverse events (AEs) in the real world through data mining of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database to better understand toxicities. The signals of CAZ/AVI-related AEs were quantified using disproportionality analyses, including the reporting odds ratio, the proportional reporting ratio, the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network, and the multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker algorithms. Out of 10,114,815 records retrieved from the FAERS database, 628 cases were identified, where CAZ/AVI was implicated as the primary suspect drug. A total of 61 preferred terms with significant disproportionality that simultaneously met the criteria of all four algorithms were retained. Several unexpected safety signals may also occur, including melena, hypernatremia, depressed level of consciousness, brain edema, petechiae, delirium, and shock hemorrhagic. The median onset time for AEs associated with CAZ/AVI was 4 days, with most cases occurring within 3 days after CAZ/AVI initiation.

Rare earth elements induced electronic engineering in Rh cluster toward efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction.

The unique electronic and crystal structures of rare earth metals (RE) offer promising opportunities for enhancing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) properties of materials. In this work, a series of RE (Sm, Nd, Pr and Ho)-doped Rh@NSPC (NSPC stands for N, S co-doped porous carbon nanosheets) with sizes less than 2 nm are prepared, utilizing a simple, rapid and solvent-free joule-heat pyrolysis method for the first time. The optimized Sm-Rh@NSPC achieves HER performance. The high-catalytic performance and stability of Sm-Rh@NSPC are attributed to the synergistic electronic interactions between Sm and Rh clusters, leading to an increase in the electron cloud density of Rh, which promotes the adsorption of H+, the dissociation of Rh-H bonds and the release of H2. Notably, the overpotential of the Sm-Rh@NSPC catalyst is a mere 18.1 mV at current density of 10 mAcm-2, with a Tafel slope of only 15.2 mV dec-1. Furthermore, it exhibits stable operation in a 1.0 M KOH electrolyte at 10 mA cm-2 for more than 100 h. This study provides new insights into the synthesis of composite RE hybrid cluster nanocatalysts and their RE-enhanced electrocatalytic performance. It also introduces fresh perspectives for the development of efficient electrocatalysts.

PIK3CA gene mutations and amplifications in Chinese patients with ovarian clear cell carcinoma.

The role of genetic alterations in PIK3CA gene has not been fully explored in ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC). The present study was undertaken to assess mutations and amplifications of exons 9 and 20 of PIK3CA in 51 Chinese OCCC patients. Activating missense mutations of PIK3CA were found in nine (17.6%) cases. One novel mutation T544P was identified in exon 9 which can increase AKT phosphorylation in cell culture. Amplifications of PIK3CA were observed in six cases (11.8%). PIK3CA mutations and amplifications are mutually exclusive. Our study demonstrates relatively low frequency of PIK3CA mutations and amplifications in OCCC.

Lymphangioma of the left ventricle.

Cardiac lymphangiomas are one of the rarest types of cardiac tumors. We describe the case of a 31-year-old male with a large left ventricular lymphangioma which was totally excised on cardiopulmonary bypass. The surgical management of this rare cardiac tumor is reviewed.

Anomalous muscle band resulting in severe subaortic stenosis in an adult.

Abnormalities of the mitral valve are uncommon causes of subaortic stenosis. This paper describes an anomalous muscle band of the mitral valve causing severe subaortic stenosis.

[Relationship between perceptions of safety climate at workplace and depressive disorders in manufacturing workers].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factors for depressive disorders in manufacturing workers and to provide a basis for developing health promotion measures at workplace. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was performed in 8085 front-line production workers from 33 manufacturing enterprises in Nanhai District of Foshan, Guangdong Province, China. The questionnaire contained a survey of demographic characteristics, the Safety Climate Scale, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, etc. The multilevel logistic regression analysis was applied to investigate the risk factors for depressive disorders in workers. RESULTS: A total of 6260 workers completed the survey; their mean age was 31.1 ± 8.6 years, and 53.2% of them were males. The multilevel logistic regression analysis showed that after adjustment for sociodemographic factors such as age, sex, and martial status, more depressive disorders were reported in the enterprises with higher score of "production safety training" than in those with lower score (OR = 1.46, 95%CI = 1.07 ∼ 1.97); fewer depressive disorders were reported in the enterprises with higher score of "colleagues concerned about production safety" than in those with lower score (OR = 0.08, 95%CI = 0.03 ∼ 0.26); the relationships of "safety warnings and precautions" and "managers concerned about production safety" with workers' depressive disorders were not statistically significant (OR = 0.78, 95%CI = 0.48 ∼ 1.28; OR = 1.08, 95%CI = 0.68 ∼ 1.72). CONCLUSION: Depressive disorders in manufacturing workers are related to the safety climate at workplace, which indicates that a good safety climate at workplace should be created to prevent and control depressive disorders in workers.

A Novel Fused SiO2 and h-BN Modified Quartz Fiber/Benzoxazine Resin Ceramizable Composite with Excellent Flexural Strength and Ablation Resistance.

Hypersonic vehicles encounter hostile service environments of thermal/mechanical/chemical coupling, so thermal protection materials are crucial and essential. Ceramizable composites have recently attracted intensive interest due to their ability to provide large-area thermal protection for hypersonic vehicles. In this work, a novel ceramizable composite of quartz fiber/benzoxazine resin modified with fused SiO2 and h-BN was fabricated using a prepreg compression molding technique. The effects of the fused SiO2 and h-BN contents on the thermal, mechanical, and ablative properties of the ceramizable composite were systematically investigated. The ceramizable composite with an optimized amount of fused SiO2 and h-BN exhibited superb thermal stability, with a peak degradation temperature and residue yield at 1400 °C of 533.2 °C and 71.5%, respectively. Moreover, the modified ceramizable composite exhibited excellent load-bearing capacity with a flexural strength of 402.2 MPa and superior ablation resistance with a linear ablation rate of 0.0147 mm/s at a heat flux of 4.2 MW/m2, which was significantly better than the pristine quartz fiber/benzoxazine resin composite. In addition, possible ablation mechanisms were revealed based on the microstructure analysis, phase transformation, chemical bonding states, and the degree of graphitization of the ceramized products. The readily oxidized pyrolytic carbon (PyC) and the SiO2 with a relatively low melting point were converted in situ into refractory carbide. Thus, a robust thermal protective barrier with SiC as the skeleton and borosilicate glass as the matrix protected the composite from severe thermochemical erosion and thermomechanical denudation.

"11 for Health" in China - Effects on physical fitness in 9-11-year-old schoolchildren.

ABSTRACTPrevious studies have shown that the school-based physical activity programme entitled "11 for Health" has been effective in improving the physical fitness, well-being and overall health profile of European children. The main purpose of the present study was to examine whether the "11 for Health" programme can have a positive impact on the physical fitness of primary school pupils in China. A total of 124 primary school pupils aged 9-11 years were included in the experiment, randomly divided into the experimental group (EG, n = 62) and the control group (CG, n = 62). EG carried out three weekly 35-minute sessions of small-sided football for a total of 11 weeks. All data were analysed by a mixed ANOVA with the Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc test. The results showed greater improvements (p<0.001) in EG than CG in relation to systolic blood pressure (-2.9 vs +2.0 mmHg). Moreover, greater improvements (all p<0.05) were observed in postural balance (13 vs 0%), standing long jump (5.0 vs 0.5%), 30-metre sprint (4.1 vs 1.3%) and Yo-Yo IR1C running performance (17% vs 6%). In both EG and CG, physical activity enjoyment was observed to be higher (P<0.05) compared to the start of the intervention with increases of 3.7 and 3.9 AU respectively. In conclusion, the study revealed that the "11 for Health" programme has positive effects on aerobic and muscular fitness, and it appears to be a relevant tool in the physical activity promotion in the Chinese school system.

The combined health education and football programme "11 for Health" was tested for the first time in the Chinese school system.The "11 for Health" programme had positive effects on the cardiovascular and muscular fitness of 9­11-year-old Chinese school children.The "11 for Health" programme seems to be a relevant tool for physical activity promotion in the Chinese school system, but further studies are warranted to test the implementation potential of the programme and the broadspectrum effects on physical activity enjoyment, wellbeing and health profile.

Tuning oxygen release of sodium-ion layered oxide cathode through synergistic surface coating and doping.

Layered transition metal oxides have the greatest potential for commercial application as cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries. However, transition metal oxides inevitably undergo an irreversible oxygen loss process during cycling, which leads to structural changes in the material and ultimately to severe capacity degradation. In this work, using density function theory (DFT) calculations, the Ni-O bond is revealed to be the weakest of the M-O bonds, which may lead to structural failure. Herein, the synergistic surface CeO2 modification and the trace doping of Ce elements stimulate oxygen redox and improve its reversibility, thus improving the structural stability and electrochemical performance of the material. Theoretical calculations prove that Na0.67Mn0.7Ni0.2Co0.1O2 (MNC) obtains electrons from CeO2, avoiding destruction of the Ni-O bond by over-energy released during the charging process and inhibiting oxygen loss. The capacity retention was 77.37% for 200 cycles at 500 mA g-1, compared to 33.84% for the unmodified Na0.67Mn0.7Ni0.2Co0.1O2. Overall, the present work demonstrates that the synergistic effect of surface coating and doping is an effective strategy for realizing tuning oxygen release and high electrochemical performance.

Lipoxin A4 depresses inflammation and promotes autophagy via AhR/mTOR/AKT pathway to suppress endometriosis.

BACKGROUND: Endometriosis is a benign gynecological disease with the feature of estrogen dependence and inflammation. The function of autophagy and the correlation with inflammation were not yet revealed. METHODS: Autophagosomes were detected by transmission electron microscopy. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was referred to analyze the expression of autophagy-related genes. Quantification of mRNA and protein expression was examined by qRT-PCR and Western Blot. Immunohistochemistry was performed to explore the expression of proteins in tissues. The mouse model of endometriosis was performed to analyze the autophagic activity and effect of LXA4. RESULTS: The expression of autophagy-related genes in endometriotic lesions were unusually changed. The number of autophagosomes and LC3B-II expression was diminished, and p62 was increased in ectopic lesions from both patients and mice. Interleukin 1ß (IL1ß) attenuated the expression of LC3B and promoted the level p62. The autophagy activator MG-132 upregulated the expression of LC3B and reduced IL1ß, IL6, and p62. LXA4 reversed the inhibitory effect of IL1ß on the expression of LC3B and p62, and blocking the receptor of LXA4 AhR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor) resulted in the incapacitation of LXA4 to influence the effect of IL1ß. LXA4 depressed the phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR to against IL1ß, and blocking AhR negatively regulated the effect of LXA4 on AKT/mTOR pathway. LXA4 reduced the ectopic lesions and the expression of IL1ß and p62, but enhanced LC3B-II in endometriotic mouse models. CONCLUSION: In endometriosis, increased inflammation of ectopic lesions prominently depresses autophagy. LXA4 could regulate autophagy by suppressing inflammatory response through AhR/AKT/mTOR pathway.