Extended gastritis cystica profunda associated with Epstein-Barr virus-positive dysplasia and carcinoma with lymphoid stroma.

We report a case of gastritis cystica porfunda (GCP) associated with gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma (CLS). There was dysplastic change in the transitional area between GCP and CLS. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in situ hybridization (ISH) revealed positive reaction at the dysplastic area as well as at the CLS area. Immunohistochemical staining disclosed that dysplastic epithelium was similar to GCP in CK 20, MUC5AC, and E-cadherin expression, but similar to CLS in MUC6, CEA, p53, c-erb-B2, and EBV-ISH expression. Results of the EBV-ISH suggested that EBV infection may play a role in dysplastic change.

Clinical significance of clusterin expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Clusterin is known to be expressed in many human neoplasms, and is believed to participate in the regeneration, migration, and anti-apoptosis of tumor cells. However, few reports have addressed the relationship between the manifestation of clusterin and clinicopathologic parameters in pancreas cancer patients. In the present study, the authors investigated the expression of clusterin and its clinical significance in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining was performed for clusterin in tumor tissues obtained from patients who received pancreatic resection with radical intent, and the associations of clusterin expression with various clinicopathologic parameters were analyzed in addition to the relation between its expression and survival. RESULTS: Immunoreactivity for clusterin was observed in 17 of the 52 (33%) pancreatic adenocarcinomas examined. In addition, clusterin positivity was found to be associated with preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen level, perineural invasion, and, most strongly, lymph node metastasis. The survival analysis identified tumor differentiation and lymph node metastasis as the only significant prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: Although not an independent prognostic factor, clusterin immunoreactivity can be used in conjunction with lymph node metastasis to predict survival in cases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Effect of preoperative biliary drainage on surgical results after pancreaticoduodenectomy in patients with distal common bile duct cancer: focused on the rate of decrease in serum bilirubin.

AIM: To examine if the rate of decrease in serum bilirubin after preoperative biliary drainagecan be used as a predicting factor for surgical complications and postoperative recovery after pancreaticoduodenectomy in patients with distal common bile duct cancer. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed in 49 consecutive patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for distal common bile duct cancer. Potential risk factors were compared between the complicated and uncomplicated groups. Also, the rates of decrease in serum bilirubin were compared pre- and postoperatively. RESULTS: Preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) was performed in 40 patients (81.6%). Postoperative morbidity and mortality rates were 46.9% (23/49) and 6.1% (3/49), respectively. The presence or absence of PBD was not different between the complicated and uncomplicated groups. In patients with PBD, neither the absolute level nor the rate of decrease in serum bilirubin was significantly different. Patients with rapid decrease preoperatively showed faster decrease during the first postoperative week (5.5 +/- 4.4 micromol/L vs -1.7 +/- 9.9 micromol/L, P = 0.004). CONCLUSION: PBD does not affect the surgical outcome of pancreaticoduodenectomy in patients with distal common bile duct cancer. There is a certain group of patients with a compromised hepatic excretory function, which is represented by the slow rate of decrease in serum bilirubin after PBD.

Risk factors affecting pancreatic fistulas after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

AIM: To analyze the risk factors of pancreatic leakage after pancreaticoduodenectomy. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 172 consecutive patients who had undergone pancreatico-duodenectomy at Inha University Hospital between April 1996 and March 2006. We analyzed the pancreatic fistula rate according to the clinical characteristics, the pathologic and laboratory findings, and the anastomotic methods. RESULTS: The incidence of developing pancreatic fistulas in patients older than 60 years of age was 21.7% (25/115), while the incidence was 8.8% (5/57) for younger patients; the difference was significant (P=0.03). Patients with a dilated pancreatic duct had a lower rate of post-operative pancreatic fistulas than patients with a non-dilated duct (P=0.001). Other factors, including clinical features, anastomotic methods, and pathologic diagnosis, did not show any statistical difference. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that pancreatic fistulas are related to age and a dilated pancreatic duct. The surgeon must take these risk factors into consideration when performing a pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Tc-99m ciprofloxacin imaging in acute cholecystitis.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of a new nuclear imaging Infecton (Tc-99m ciprofloxacin) for the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. METHODS: Sixteen patients thought to have acute cholecystitis were included in this study. The diagnosis of acute cholecystitis was made based on clinical symptoms and ultrasonographic and pathologic findings. RESULTS: The 16 patients were composed of 12 acute and 4 chronic cholecystitis patients. Twelve patients with acute cholecystitis were image-positive, including one false-positive. Four patients with chronic cholecystitis were image-negative, of whom three were true-negative. This nuclear imaging had a sensitivity of 91.7%, a specificity of 75%, a positive-predictive value of 91.7%, and a negative-predictive value of 75%. CONCLUSION: Tc-99m ciprofloxacin imaging is easy to perform and applicable for the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis.

Gasless endoscopic thyroidectomy via an anterior chest wall approach using a flap-lifting system.

PURPOSE: Endoscopic thyroidectomy (ET) requires a proper working space for adequate visualization of anatomical structures and proper instrument manipulation. The purpose of this prospective study was to estimate the feasibility and safety of ET using an anterior chest wall approach without gas insufflation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The working space was created under a direct and endoscopic view through a 3-cm incision on the anterior chest wall. A retracting device was then inserted to establish the working space, and subsequent procedures were performed endoscopically. All data were reviewed using a prospective database. RESULTS: We performed 30 ETs in patients with benign thyroid tumors from December 2003 to December 2005. The procedures were completed successfully in 29 patients (mean operative time: 160.6 min; range: 90-345 min). One patient with ET was converted to open thyroidectomy secondary to substernal extension of the tumor. None of the patients developed permanent postoperative hypocalcemia or recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. Three patients exhibited some degree of transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that gasless ET using an anterior chest wall approach is safe and feasible in selected patients for treating benign thyroid tumors. This technique may offer good operative working space when performed by surgeons with relatively low-volume ET practices.

Functional and morphological evolution of remnant pancreas after resection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Functional and morphological evolution of remnant pancreas after resection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma is investigated.The medical records of 45 patients who had undergone radical resection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma from March 2010 to September 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. There were 34 patients in the pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) group and 10 patients in the distal pancreatectomy (DP) group. One patient received total pancreatectomy. The endocrine function was measured using the glucose tolerance index (GTI), which was derived by dividing daily maximum serum glucose fluctuation by daily minimum glucose. Remnant pancreas volume (RPV) was estimated by considering pancreas body and tail as a column, and head as an ellipsoid, respectively. The pancreatic atrophic index (PAI) was defined as the ratio of pancreatic duct width to total pancreas width. Representative indices of each patient were compared before and after resection up to 2 years postoperatively.The area under receiver operating characteristic curve of GTI for diagnosing DM was 0.823 (95% confidence interval, 0.699-0.948, P < .001). Overall, GTI increased on postoperative day 1 (POD#1, mean ±â€Šstandard deviation, 1.79 ±â€Š1.40 vs preoperative, 1.02 ±â€Š1.41; P = .001), and then decreased by day 7 (0.89 ±â€Š1.16 vs POD#1, P < .001). In the PD group, the GTI on POD#14 became lower than preoperative (0.51 ±â€Š0.38 vs 0.96 ±â€Š1.37; P = .03). PAI in the PD group was significantly lower at 1 month postoperatively (0.22 ±â€Š0.12 vs preoperative, 0.38 ±â€Š0.18; P < .001). In the PD group, RPV was significantly lower at 1 month postoperatively (25.3 ±â€Š18.3 cm vs preoperative, 32.4 ±â€Š20.1 cm; P = .02), due to the resolution of pancreatic duct dilatation. RPV of the DP group showed no significant change. GTI was negatively related to RPV preoperatively (r = -0.317, P = .04), but this correlation disappeared postoperatively (r = -0.044, P = .62).Pancreatic endocrine functional deterioration in pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients may in part be due to pancreatic duct obstruction and dilatation caused by the tumor. After resection, this proportion of endocrine insufficiency is corrected.

Surgical clips found at the hepatic duct after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a possible case of clip migration.

Surgical clip migration and subsequent stone formation in the common bile duct is a rare but well-established complication after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. There are some suggestions about the mechanisms of the migration process, but the details are still unclear. We report here a case in which common bile duct stones were formed around surgical clips, and other clips were found to have penetrated into the common hepatic duct, which we believe were in the process of migration after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The patient required a laparotomy to retrieve the bile duct stones due to the distal stricture, and another laparotomy was necessary to remove the penetrating clips, which were deeply embedded in the bile duct wall. Although a variety of endoscopic and percutaneous interventional procedures are available in this era of modern medical technology, it is sometimes impractical to apply these procedures in such cases as ours, and exploratory laparotomy is sometimes required to correctly treat the patient. This case shows that the metallic surgical clips can penetrate into the intact bile duct wall through serial maceration, and we believe that careful application of clips may be the only way to prevent their migration after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Three-weekly s-1 monotherapy as first-line treatment in elderly patients with recurrent or metastatic gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Elderly patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) have generally been excluded from clinical trials, and there are few data available on the treatment of these patients. The efficacy of palliative S-1 monotherapy as a first-line treatment regimen for elderly patients has not been well elucidated. METHODS: For this study, 25 AGC patients were enrolled between January 1, 2007 and March 31, 2009; 4 cases were recurrent AGC and 21 cases were metastatic AGC at the time of diagnosis. These patients received S-1 therapy at a dose of 40 mg/m(2) twice daily for 14 days every 3 weeks. All of the patients were older than 70 years. RESULTS: The median follow-up duration, the median progression-free survival, and the overall survival time were 8.7 months (range, 4.9 to 12.5 months), 4.9 months (range, 3.5 to 6.3 months), and 10.8 months (range, 6.6 to 15.0 months), respectively. Grade 3/4 nonhematologic toxicities were rare. Grade 3/4 neutropenia was noted in two patients. The partial response rate was 21.7% and stable disease was observed in 34.8% of the patients. Two patients (8%) died due to chemotherapy-associated toxicity during treatment (septic shock/intracranial hemorrhage). CONCLUSIONS: Oral S-1 chemotherapy seems to be effective as a first-line treatment regimen for elderly patients with metastatic or recurrent AGC. However, elderly patients receiving S-1 treatment should undergo continuous toxicity monitoring, since they are highly susceptible to adverse effects.