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BACKGROUND: Acute infectious conjunctivitis is a common condition most frequently caused by viruses or bacteria. Clinical outcome assessments have been used to assess signs and symptoms of bacterial and viral conjunctivitis, but have not been evaluated for content validity. We aimed to develop content-valid patient- (PRO) and observer-reported outcome (ObsRO) instruments to assess symptoms of ocular discomfort associated with viral or bacterial conjunctivitis in adult and pediatric patients. METHODS: Draft items were developed from a previous review of published studies from 2001 to 2015. Patients and caregivers of patients with a diagnosis of viral or bacterial conjunctivitis within the past 6 months were recruited. Concept elicitation with open-ended questions explored signs and symptoms, followed by cognitive interviewing to assess clarity and relevance of the draft items. Patients aged ≥8 years were interviewed for the PRO; parents/caregivers of children aged 1-10 years were interviewed for the ObsRO. Interviews were conducted in three rounds to allow changes. Concept saturation was documented using a saturation grid. Cognitive interview data were analyzed iteratively and focused on clarity, relevance and inconsistent interpretation of the instrument's content. RESULTS: Overall, 23 patients or parents/caregivers participated (round 1, n = 10; round 2, n = 6; round 3, n = 7). Data saturation was reached by the 16th interview. The most frequent spontaneously reported signs/symptoms were: discharge, red/pink eyes, itchiness, swelling/puffiness, watery eyes, pain, burning and foreign body sensation. Itching, pain/burning/stinging and foreign body sensation were most commonly reported as the top three most bothersome symptoms. Interview results indicated that items on pain, itching and foreign body sensation for the PRO and pain or discomfort for the ObsRO were relevant to the patients' experience of conjunctivitis and were clear and easy to understand. CONCLUSIONS: PRO and ObsRO items were found to be clear, relevant and appropriate in assessing key viral and bacterial conjunctivitis symptoms in adult and pediatric patients.
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Cuidadores/psicología , Conjuntivitis/psicología , Medición de Resultados Informados por el Paciente , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Niño , Conjuntivitis/fisiopatología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Investigación Cualitativa , Calidad de VidaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: We examined whether cataract surgery utilization and preoperative visual acuity were associated with patient-specific factors, including ocular findings and comorbidities, general biomedical factors, and/or sociodemographic factors. DESIGN: Retrospective, cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS, PARTICIPANTS, AND/OR CONTROLS: We reviewed the electronic health records of patients from 2012 to 2022 who were examined and followed for at least 2 years by an eye care provider at University of California San Francisco Health (UCSF Health) and who had cataract in at least one eye associated with best-corrected visual acuity of 20/25 or worse. Data include ocular factors (e.g., best-corrected visual acuity, lens opacity grade, diagnoses of glaucoma, and/or age-related macular degeneration), biomedical comorbidities, and sociodemographic factors including race/ethnicity, health insurance coverage, primary language spoken, and social vulnerability index. METHODS: Logistic and multivariate regression analyses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We examined cataract surgery utilization and preoperative best-corrected visual acuity. RESULTS: Compared to White and Asian patients, Black patients had the lowest rates of cataract surgery utilization and the poorest mean preoperative visual acuities, with Hispanic patients following in second place in both categories. However, when the analysis controlled for sociodemographic and biomedical factors, Medicaid insurance and speaking Chinese as a primary language emerged as significant associations. In addition, higher cataract surgery utilization rates were associated with worse preoperative best-corrected visual acuity, a concurrent diagnosis of glaucoma, and a concurrent diagnosis of macular degeneration. Worse preoperative visual acuity was associated with Spanish or Chinese language preference, Medicaid status, and glaucoma diagnosis; poorer preoperative visual acuity was only weakly correlated with increased social vulnerability. CONCLUSIONS: After adjusting for other biomedical and sociodemographic variables, having Medicaid insurance and being a non-English speaker were the factors most notably associated with reduced cataract surgery utilization and poorer preoperative visual acuity. Health insurance and language barriers, as well as other biomedical and sociodemographic factors, may explain a large proportion of the racial disparities in both cataract surgery utilization and preoperative visual acuity observed among Black and Hispanic patients. Chinese-speaking patients with limited English proficiency are a vulnerable subgroup that exhibits lower rates of cataract surgery utilization and higher degrees of visual loss prior to undergoing cataract surgery compared to other Asian patients.
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BACKGROUND: Higher COVID-19 incidence and morbidity have been documented for US Black and Hispanic populations but not as clearly for other racial and ethnic groups. Efforts to elucidate the mechanisms underlying racial health disparities can be confounded by the relationship between race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. OBJECTIVE: Examine race/ethnicity and social vulnerability effects on COVID-19 outcomes in the San Francisco Bay Area, an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse region, using geocoded patient records from 2020 in the University of California, San Francisco Health system. KEY RESULTS: Higher social vulnerability, but not race/ethnicity, was associated with less frequent testing yet a higher likelihood of testing positive. Asian hospitalization rates (11.5%) were double that of White patients (5.4%) and exceeded the rates for Black (9.3%) and Hispanic patients (6.9%). A modest relationship between higher hospitalization rates and increasing social vulnerability was evident only for White patients. Hispanic patients had the highest years of expected life lost due to COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 outcomes were not consistently explained by greater social vulnerability. Asian individuals showed disproportionately high rates of hospitalization regardless of social vulnerability status. Study of the San Francisco Bay Area population not only provides valuable insights into the differential contributions of race/ethnicity and social determinants of health to COVID-19 outcomes but also emphasizes that all racial groups have experienced the toll of the pandemic, albeit in different ways and to varying degrees.
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COVID-19 , Etnicidad , Humanos , San Francisco/epidemiología , Vulnerabilidad Social , HospitalizaciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has uncovered clinically meaningful racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19-related health outcomes. Current understanding of the basis for such an observation remains incomplete, with both biomedical and social/contextual variables proposed as potential factors. PURPOSE: Using a logistic regression model, we examined the relative contributions of race/ethnicity, biomedical, and socioeconomic factors to COVID-19 test positivity and hospitalization rates in a large academic health care system in the San Francisco Bay Area prior to the advent of vaccination and other pharmaceutical interventions for COVID-19. RESULTS: Whereas socioeconomic factors, particularly those contributing to increased social vulnerability, were associated with test positivity for COVID-19, biomedical factors and disease co-morbidities were the major factors associated with increased risk of COVID-19 hospitalization. Hispanic individuals had a higher rate of COVID-19 positivity, while Asian persons had higher rates of COVID-19 hospitalization. The excess hospitalization risk attributed to Asian race was not explained by differences in the examined biomedical or sociodemographic variables. Diabetes was an important risk factor for COVID-19 hospitalization, particularly among Asian patients, for whom diabetes tended to be more frequently undiagnosed and higher in severity. CONCLUSION: We observed that biomedical, racial/ethnic, and socioeconomic factors all contributed in varying but distinct ways to COVID-19 test positivity and hospitalization rates in a large, multi-racial, socioeconomically diverse metropolitan area of the United States. The impact of a number of these factors differed according to race/ethnicity. Improving overall COVID-19 health outcomes and addressing racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 outcomes will likely require a comprehensive approach that incorporates strategies that target both individual-specific and group contextual factors.
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COVID-19 , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/etnología , Hospitalización , Pandemias/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores de Riesgo , San Francisco/epidemiología , Estados Unidos , Asiático/estadística & datos numéricos , Hispánicos o Latinos/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To report a central retinal artery occlusion with cilioretinal artery sparing in a 48-year-old woman after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis surgery. METHODS: Case history and clinical examination including best-corrected visual acuity, serum markers, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: A 48-year-old woman underwent routine laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis surgery in both eyes. On postoperative Day 1, vision was 20/20 in both eyes with full visual fields by confrontation. Eight hours after being examined, she reported photopsias and a new visual field defect in the right eye . Visual acuity was 20/40, pinhole 20/20 in the right eye, with restriction of visual field by confrontation. Dilated fundus examination revealed retinal whitening in all quadrants with sparing of the fovea along the distribution of a perfused cilioretinal artery. Optical coherence tomography showed an intact foveal depression with inner retinal layer hyperreflectivity outside the region of the perfused cilioretinal artery. Fluorescein angiography revealed sectoral nonperfusion of the posterior pole with macular sparing along the patent cilioretinal artery. Hypercoagulable workup, carotid imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain were unremarkable. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of a central retinal artery occlusion with cilioretinal artery sparing occurring on postoperative Day 1 after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis surgery.
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Queratomileusis por Láser In Situ , Oclusión de la Arteria Retiniana , Arterias Ciliares , Femenino , Humanos , Queratomileusis por Láser In Situ/efectos adversos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oclusión de la Arteria Retiniana/diagnóstico , Oclusión de la Arteria Retiniana/etiologíaRESUMEN
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Purpose: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) comprise a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases involved in wound healing processes, including neovascularization and fibrosis. We assessed MMP protein expression levels in diseased corneas of patients requiring penetrating and deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that upregulation of MMPs in diseased corneas is positively associated with clinical levels of corneal neovascularization and fibrosis. Methods: Protein expression levels of nine individual MMPs were quantified simultaneously in human corneal lysates by using the Bio-Plex Pro Human MMP 9-Plex Panel and the MAGPIX technology. Measurements of MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP7, MMP8, MMP9, MMP10, MMP12, and MMP13 were performed on diseased specimens from 21 patients undergoing corneal transplantation (17 for penetrating keratoplasty and 4 for deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty) and 6 normal control corneas. Results: Luminex-based expression analysis revealed a significant overexpression of four of the nine MMPs tested (MMP2, MMP8, MMP12, and MMP13) in patient samples compared to control. Significant overexpression of MMP1, MMP2, MMP8, MMP12, and MMP13 was observed in diseased corneas with neovascularization compared with diseased corneas without neovascularization. Overexpression of MMP1, MMP2, MMP8, MMP12, and MMP13 also corresponded with the levels of corneal fibrosis. Finally, reduced expression of MMP3 was detected in keratoconus patients. Conclusions: Multiple MMPs are expressed in the corneas of patients with chronic disease requiring keratoplasty even when the pathologic process appears to be clinically inactive. In particular, the expression of several MMPs (MMP2, MMP8, MMP12, and MMP13) is positively associated with increased levels corneal fibrosis and neovascularization.
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Enfermedades de la Córnea/enzimología , Enfermedades de la Córnea/cirugía , Queratoplastia Penetrante , Metaloproteinasas de la Matriz/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Córnea/enzimología , Córnea/patología , Neovascularización de la Córnea/enzimología , Trasplante de Córnea , Femenino , Fibrosis/enzimología , Humanos , Inmunoensayo/métodos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To report one-year outcomes of a modified version of two-stage multimodal surgical protocol for moderate keratoconus which has been suggesting promising preliminary results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 30 eyes of 25 patients with moderate keratoconus who exhibited visual complaints and/or disease progression were included for this retrospective case study. Approximately 3 months after implantation of intracorneal ring segment (Intacs SK™), a combination of corneal wavefront-guided transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (CWG-transPRK, Schwind Amaris® 1050, and Schwind Sirius) and accelerated collagen cross-linking (accCXL, Avedro KXL™) was performed. Patients were examined for uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA; CDVA), keratometric power (K), corneal thickness, and corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) preoperatively and at postoperative 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS: The median UDVA and mean CDVA were enhanced from 6/38 to 6/12 and from 6/19 to 6/7.5, respectively, through 12 months after CWG-transPRK/accCXL. The 12-month CDVA of all patients was better than 6/12 Snellen, and no subject lost one or more lines of CDVA. The magnitudes of both myopia and corneal steepness were decreased in turn by Intacs SK implantation and also by CWG-transPRK/accCXL, but the reduction in HOA was largely the result of CWG-transPRK/accCXL. The magnitude of corneal thinning stabilized within 3 months after CWG-transPRK/accCXL. CONCLUSION: This approach may allow patients with moderate keratoconus to obtain satisfactory vision without the need for contact lens wear. This surgery appeared to be effective and safe through 1 year of follow-up.
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Colágeno/metabolismo , Sustancia Propia , Topografía de la Córnea , Queratocono , Queratectomía Fotorrefractiva , Seguridad , Agudeza Visual , Adulto , Sustancia Propia/diagnóstico por imagen , Sustancia Propia/metabolismo , Sustancia Propia/fisiopatología , Sustancia Propia/cirugía , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Queratocono/diagnóstico por imagen , Queratocono/metabolismo , Queratocono/fisiopatología , Queratocono/cirugía , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Homeostatic maintenance of corneal endothelial cells is essential for maintenance of corneal deturgescence and transparency. In Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD), an accelerated loss and dysfunction of endothelial cells leads to progressively severe visual impairment. An abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) is a distinctive hallmark of the disease, however the molecular pathogenic mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are not fully understood. Here, we investigate genome-wide and sequence-specific DNA methylation changes of miRNA genes in corneal endothelial samples from FECD patients. We discover that miRNA gene promoters are frequent targets of aberrant DNA methylation in FECD. More specifically, miR-199B is extensively hypermethylated and its mature transcript miR-199b-5p was previously found to be almost completely silenced in FECD. Furthermore, we find that miR-199b-5p directly and negatively regulates Snai1 and ZEB1, two zinc finger transcription factors that lead to increased ECM deposition in FECD. Taken together, these findings suggest a novel epigenetic regulatory mechanism of matrix protein production by corneal endothelial cells in which miR-199B hypermethylation leads to miR-199b-5p downregulation and thereby the increased expression of its target genes, including Snai1 and ZEB1. Our results support miR-199b-5p as a potential therapeutic target to prevent or slow down the progression of FECD disease.
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Metilación de ADN , Distrofia Endotelial de Fuchs/genética , Distrofia Endotelial de Fuchs/metabolismo , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Regiones no Traducidas 3' , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Sitios de Unión/genética , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Regulación hacia Abajo , Endotelio Corneal/metabolismo , Femenino , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Factores de Transcripción de la Familia Snail/genética , Homeobox 1 de Unión a la E-Box con Dedos de Zinc/genéticaRESUMEN
Purpose/Aim of the study: Chlorhexdine has been shown to provide excellent and cost-effective presurgical antisepsis. However, standard presurgical concentrations of chlorhexidine (2-4%) are known to cause ocular injury, even in cases in which a bio-occlusive dressing (Tegaderm™) was applied beforehand to the closed eye. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three experiments were conducted to assess the barrier performance of Tegaderm™ to chlorhexidine skin prep in vitro and on non-ocular skin. The experiments used water as a control group. RESULTS: In the first in vitro experiment, the chlorhexidine group showed penetration at the edges of the Tegaderm™ at 5 minutes while the water (control) group never penetrated the Tegaderm™. A subsequent experiment testing the central permeability of the tegaderm showed it to be impermeable to both chlorhexidine and water after 90 minutes. In the in vivo experiment, the chlorhexidine group showed penetration at 10 minutes, while the water (control) group never penetrated the Tegaderm™. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest Tegaderm™ is permeable at the edges to chlorhexidine but not water. Based on this, along with reports of ocular injury from chlorhexidine skin preparation of the head despite prior application of Tegaderm™ over the eyes, we advise against using bio-occlusive adhesive dressing to protect the ocular surface from chlorhexidine exposure. We suggest an alternative presurgical antiseptic agent such as povidone-iodine be employed whenever possible.
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Antiinfecciosos Locales/toxicidad , Antisepsia/métodos , Clorhexidina/análogos & derivados , Apósitos Oclusivos , Piel Artificial , Clorhexidina/toxicidad , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Queratitis/prevención & control , Cuidados Preoperatorios , Piel/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To report cases of necrotizing scleritis, a sight-threatening complication that can result from cosmetic conjunctivectomy procedures. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: The medical records of consecutive patients who underwent eye-whitening conjunctivectomy with mitoycin C (MMC) treatment performed by 1 surgeon in South Korea and were referred to the authors' clinic between January 2011 and December 2015 were reviewed. The patients in whom findings of necrotizing scleritis with active inflammation were detected in an avascular area of previous conjunctivectomy were included. RESULTS: Of a total of 231 patients who had received cosmetic eye whitening, 4 patients who met the inclusion criteria were identified. The average length of time from cosmetic eye surgery to a diagnosis of necrotizing scleritis was 51 months and all patients had unilateral findings of necrotizing scleritis. There was no underlying systemic autoimmunity or infectious etiology in all cases. Three of these 4 patients were treated with a conjunctival flap; however, all 4 received systemic anti-inflammatory treatment with oral corticosteroids. The mean follow-up duration of the patients was 22.75 months. CONCLUSIONS: Necrotizing scleritis is a severe complication that can arise after cosmetic eye-whitening conjunctivectomy with MMC. Because of the large area of the ocular surface that is treated in eye-whitening with MMC, the necrotizing scleritis that can ensue may be more extensive and severe than the surgically induced necrotizing scleritis following other periocular surgeries such as pterygium removal. Proper anti-inflammatory treatment and surgical intervention should be required for management of this complication.
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Alquilantes/efectos adversos , Conjuntiva/efectos de los fármacos , Técnicas Cosméticas/efectos adversos , Mitomicina/efectos adversos , Escleritis/inducido químicamente , Adulto , Conjuntiva/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Escleritis/diagnóstico , Escleritis/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
An 80-year-old woman with pseudoexfoliation syndrome developed subluxation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL)-capsular bag complex due to zonular rupture. She underwent a limited 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy and iris transfixation of the subluxated IOL-capsule complex. The postoperative course was uneventful until the patient developed acute angle-closure glaucoma 3 weeks postoperatively. Ultrasound biomicroscopy confirmed pupillary block by the IOL-capsule complex. The patient was treated with intraocular pressure-lowering medications and a vitreous tap before a laser peripheral iridotomy could be performed successfully. The vision returned to normal, and the angle closure resolved. We recommend that a prophylactic surgical iridectomy be performed in patients with iris transfixation of a posterior chamber IOL-capsular bag complex.
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Migración de Cuerpo Extraño/cirugía , Glaucoma de Ángulo Cerrado/etiología , Iris/cirugía , Cápsula del Cristalino/cirugía , Implantación de Lentes Intraoculares/efectos adversos , Lentes Intraoculares , Enfermedad Aguda , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Migración de Cuerpo Extraño/complicaciones , Glaucoma de Ángulo Cerrado/diagnóstico por imagen , Glaucoma de Ángulo Cerrado/cirugía , Humanos , Presión Intraocular , Iridectomía , Cápsula del Cristalino/patología , Microscopía Acústica , Agudeza VisualRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To report two cases of patients with late extrusion following uneventful implantation of intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS) for myopia. OBSERVATIONS: Two patients with previously implanted ICRS for low myopia presented with spontaneous onset of extrusion of their ICRS, one at 7 years post-operatively and the other at 17 and 20 years. Both cases underwent explantation and maintained excellent best-corrected visual acuity. These cases represent the longest reported intervals between implantation of the ICRS and subsequent extrusion. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPORTANCE: Late extrusion can occur many years following implantation of ICRS, even in eyes without pre-existing thinning or ectasia. The technique for explantation described herein can result in favorable clinical outcomes in such cases. These cases demonstrate the importance of long-term follow up of eyes that have undergone ICRS implantation.
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Deposition of dystrophic calcifications on the posterior surface of silicone intraocular lenses (IOLs) has been reported in patients with asteroid hyalosis. Accumulation of silicone oil droplets on the posterior surface of silicone IOLs in silicone-filled eyes has also been reported. Recently, a novel technique to manually remove dystrophic calcifications using a nickel titanium loop (Finesse Flex Loop; Alcon, Fort Worth, TX) was described, obviating the need for IOL exchange. Here, the authors report their outcomes with this technique in five eyes with IOL dystrophic calcifications as well as one eye with IOL silicone oil droplet accumulation. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2017;48:422-426.].
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Aleaciones , Calcinosis/cirugía , Oftalmopatías/clasificación , Lentes Intraoculares/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Oftalmológicos/instrumentación , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Aceites de Silicona/efectos adversos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Calcinosis/inducido químicamente , Diseño de Equipo , Oftalmopatías/diagnóstico , Oftalmopatías/cirugía , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Falla de PrótesisRESUMEN
Transparency of the human cornea is necessary for vision. Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy (FECD) is a bilateral, heritable degeneration of the corneal endothelium, and a leading indication for corneal transplantation in developed countries. While the early onset, and rarer, form of FECD has been linked to COL8A2 mutations, the more common, late onset form of FECD has genetic mutations linked to only a minority of cases. Epigenetic modifications that occur in FECD are unknown. Here, we report on and compare the DNA methylation landscape of normal human corneal endothelial (CE) tissue and CE from FECD patients using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 (HM450) DNA methylation array. We show that DNA methylation profiles are distinct between control and FECD samples. Differentially methylated probes (10,961) were identified in the FECD samples compared with the control samples, with the majority of probes being hypermethylated in the FECD samples. Genes containing differentially methylated sites were disproportionately annotated to ontological categories involving cytoskeletal organization, ion transport, hematopoetic cell differentiation, and cellular metabolism. Our results suggest that altered DNA methylation patterns may contribute to loss of corneal transparency in FECD through a global accumulation of sporadic DNA methylation changes in genes critical to basic CE biological processes.
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Metilación de ADN , Distrofia Endotelial de Fuchs/genética , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Endotelio Corneal/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To report a case of peripheral interstitial keratitis in a patient with mastocytosis. METHODS: Clinical case description and immunohistologic examination of biopsied ocular tissue. RESULTS: A 22-year-old woman with biopsy-proven urticaria pigmentosa, a subset of mastocytosis, presented with an active peripheral interstitial keratitis with vascularization associated with foreign body sensation and itching. Biomicroscopy of the cornea showed deep corneal inflammatory infiltrates and midstromal vascularization adjacent to a region of superior bulbar conjunctiva, which was mildly chemotic and inflamed. Topical mast cell stabilizers and a short course of topical steroids produced dramatic resolution of the lesion. Biopsy of the erythematous conjunctiva adjacent to the area of corneal inflammation showed the presence of mast cells. CONCLUSION: This is the first case of corneal inflammatory infiltration in a patient with mastocytosis. Therapy for this condition consists of a combination of topical mast cell stabilizers, topical steroids, and systemic antihistaminic therapy.
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Neovascularización de la Córnea/etiología , Sustancia Propia/patología , Queratitis/etiología , Urticaria Pigmentosa/complicaciones , Adulto , Neovascularización de la Córnea/diagnóstico , Neovascularización de la Córnea/tratamiento farmacológico , Sustancia Propia/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Glucocorticoides/uso terapéutico , Antagonistas de los Receptores Histamínicos/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Queratitis/diagnóstico , Queratitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Mastocitos/patología , Prednisolona/análogos & derivados , Prednisolona/uso terapéutico , Piridinas/uso terapéutico , Pirimidinonas/uso terapéutico , Urticaria Pigmentosa/diagnóstico , Urticaria Pigmentosa/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Chlorhexidine skin preparation has been shown to provide highly effective antimicrobial presurgical skin cleansing. However, there is a significant risk of ocular toxicity when it is used in periocular areas. CASE DESCRIPTION: We describe 2 cases of significant corneal damage resulting from 4% chlorhexidine gluconate preoperative skin cleanser, despite the use of protective occlusive dressing over the eyes. Because of the potential for severe corneal toxicity resulting from use of chlorhexidine, alternative agents such as 10% povidone-iodine should be considered for skin preparation near periocular areas whenever possible. CONCLUSIONS: If chlorhexidine gluconate must be employed near periocular areas, great care must be exercised to avoid contact with the eyes, and additional protective measures (e.g., absorbent eye pads along with tightly occlusive dressings) must be used whenever possible.
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Vértebras Cervicales/cirugía , Clorhexidina/análogos & derivados , Lesiones de la Cornea/inducido químicamente , Desinfectantes/toxicidad , Corteza Prefrontal/efectos de los fármacos , Corteza Prefrontal/cirugía , Cuidados Preoperatorios , Clorhexidina/toxicidad , Córnea/efectos de los fármacos , Lesiones de la Cornea/prevención & control , Neovascularización de la Córnea/inducido químicamente , Sustancia Propia/efectos de los fármacos , Craneotomía , Endotelio Corneal/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Historia del Siglo XVII , Humanos , Laminectomía , Masculino , Neoplasias Meníngeas/cirugía , Meningioma/cirugía , Persona de Mediana Edad , Apósitos Oclusivos , Fusión VertebralAsunto(s)
COVID-19 , Telemedicina , Actitud , Brotes de Enfermedades , Salud Global , Humanos , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
PURPOSE: To report two cases of corneal pathology associated with anterior uveitis after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). DESIGN: Observational case report. METHODS: A 47-year-old man and a 50-year-old woman who experienced vision loss and corneal changes associated with acute anterior uveitis after LASIK were examined. RESULTS: The 47-year-old man, who had undergone LASIK for low myopia developed an interlamellar fluid pocket at the level of the flap interface, whereas the 50-year-old woman, who underwent LASIK for hyperopia, developed marked flap edema without interface fluid collection. CONCLUSIONS: These two cases demonstrated acute corneal fluid accumulation associated with episodes of acute anterior uveitis in eyes that had undergone LASIK. Uveitis should be considered a risk factor for vision threatening corneal complications after LASIK.
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Líquidos Corporales/metabolismo , Edema Corneal/etiología , Queratomileusis por Láser In Situ , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Prednisolona/análogos & derivados , Colgajos Quirúrgicos , Uveítis Anterior/complicaciones , Enfermedad Aguda , Edema Corneal/tratamiento farmacológico , Edema Corneal/metabolismo , Sustancia Propia/efectos de los fármacos , Sustancia Propia/metabolismo , Femenino , Glucocorticoides/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Hiperopía/cirugía , Presión Intraocular , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Miopía/cirugía , Prednisolona/uso terapéutico , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To retrospectively compare the irregularity of the corneal surfaces of 14 patients after LASIK in 1 eye and placement of intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS) in the other eye. METHODS: In a within-patient comparison, Orbscan corneal topography was used to retrospectively compare the corneal surface irregularity of LASIK-treated and ICRS-treated eyes at an outpatient tertiary-care ophthalmology clinic in Sao Paulo, Brazil. For the anterior corneal surface, irregularity measurements were compared for both the central and peripheral areas of the cornea. The differences between each group were analyzed for statistical significance. RESULTS: The corneal surfaces of eyes treated with ICRS were found to be more irregular than the corneal surfaces of eyes treated with LASIK, the mean irregularity being 1.91 for LASIK-treated eyes and 3.12 for ICRS-treated eyes in the anterior corneal surface and 0.51 for LASIK-treated eyes and 0.87 for ICRS-treated eyes in the posterior corneal surface. A statistically significant difference was noted only in the posterior surfaces. CONCLUSIONS: When measured with Orbscan topography, ICRS-treated eyes show more corneal surface irregularity than LASIK-treated eyes. The difference in outcome for the two types of treatment may be due to the mechanical effect of the ICRS on the shape of the cornea.