RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cecal intubation during colonoscopy is difficult to achieve in patients with severe sigmoid adhesions. This retrospective observational study assessed the efficacy of using a gastroscope for colonoscopy in patients with severe sigmoid adhesions. Furthermore, the ability of computed tomography (CT) to predict the possibility of cecal intubation using a gastroscope was examined. METHODS: A total of 1,626 patients who underwent colonoscopy for total colon observation by one endoscopist were enrolled. Cecal intubation rate and other procedure-related outcomes were evaluated. We also investigated whether identification of the sigmoid colon pathway by CT was involved in cecal intubation rate using a gastroscope. RESULTS: Of the enrolled patients, cecal intubation by colonoscope was not feasible in 19 patients (1.2%) because of severe sigmoid adhesions. Cecal intubation was possible in 13 patients (68.4%) using a gastroscope, and the cecal intubation rate of peritoneal carcinomatosis (0%, p < 0.01) was significantly lower than that of other causes such as a diverticulum (100%) and history of gynecologic surgery (80%). The identifiable case of the sigmoid colon pathway by horizontal section on CT showed significantly higher cecal intubation rate compared to those of unidentifiable cases (92.3% vs. 16.7%, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Using a gastroscope is effective in performing cecal intubation during colonoscopy in patients with severe sigmoid adhesions. However, in patients with sigmoid adhesions caused by peritoneal carcinomatosis, cecal intubation may be difficult, even when a gastroscope is used. The ability of CT to identify the sigmoid colon pathway may predict success of cecal intubation.
Asunto(s)
Colonoscopía , Neoplasias Peritoneales , Humanos , Femenino , Colonoscopía/efectos adversos , Ciego/diagnóstico por imagen , Colon Sigmoide , Gastroscopios , Neoplasias Peritoneales/etiologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an effective treatment for gastric neoplasms in elderly patients; however, it involves several adverse events, including pneumonia. This study aimed to investigate whether skeletal muscle depletion (SMD) was associated with the development of pneumonia in elderly patients who underwent gastric ESD. METHODS: This retrospective observational cohort study included 157 patients (≥80 years) who had undergone gastric ESD. The skeletal muscle cross-sectional area was measured by CT, and the value of the third lumbar vertebra skeletal muscle index (L3 SMI) was evaluated. The SMD was defined as an L3 SMI value ≤38.0 cm2/m2 for women and ≤42.0 cm2/m2 for men. Pneumonia was also diagnosed using CT to identify all included patients. RESULTS: Among 157 patients, 66 (42.0%) showed SMD. In the SMD group, the incidence of pneumonia was 21.2%, whereas it was 7.7% in the non-SMD group (p = 0.018). The longest hospitalization duration was 19 days. Antibiotics were administered in 61.9% of the patients. Procedure time was not significantly different between the groups (72 ± 54 min vs. 62 ± 44 min, p = 0.201). On multivariate analysis, SMD was an independent risk factor for the development of pneumonia (odds ratio = 3.16, 95% confidence interval, 1.18-8.50, p = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS: SMD was not a rare entity in patients aged ≥80 years with gastric neoplasms. SMD was a significant risk factor for pneumonia related to gastric ESD in elderly patients.
Asunto(s)
Resección Endoscópica de la Mucosa , Neumonía , Neoplasias Gástricas , Anciano , Femenino , Mucosa Gástrica , Humanos , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/diagnóstico por imagen , Neumonía/epidemiología , Neumonía/etiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The characteristics of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection-negative gastric cancer (HPINGC) have not been well documented because of the rareness. The aim of this study was to classify HPINGC endoscopically and clinicopathologically. METHODS: This retrospective study included 1,741 early gastric cancer lesions and evaluated their HP infection status. Expression levels of MUC5AC, MUC6, MUC2, CD10, p53, MIB-1, pepsinogen-I, H+/K+ ATPase, chromogranin A, E-cadherin, and gastrin were evaluated in tumors by immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS: Among the analyzed lesions, 19 (1.1%) were diagnosed as HPINGC and classified into 6 types: undifferentiated (5 lesions), fundic gland (2 lesions), cardiac gland (1 lesion), pyloric gland (3 lesions), foveolar (5 lesions), and mixed (3 lesions) types. Undifferentiated lesions were of pale color, with unclear demarcation and decreased E-cadherin expression. Fundic-type lesions were tan to reddish in color, with submucosal tumor-like protrusions, and positive for pepsinogen-I and H+/K+ ATPase. The cardiac gland type was located in the gastroesophageal junction and was positive for MUC6 and pepsinogen-I. Pyloric gland-type lesions were of the same color as normal mucosa, with mild elevation and unclear demarcation, likely positive for CD10 and chromogranin A. Foveolar epithelial-type lesions were white and elevated, with defined demarcation, and contained MUC5AC-positive cells. Mixed-type lesions, showing various staining patterns in IHC, had both elevated and depressed shape and reddish color. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic observation and IHC were useful for classifying the characteristics of HPINGC, which may preserve the characteristics of its region of origin.
Asunto(s)
Endoscopía , Infecciones por Helicobacter/complicaciones , Helicobacter pylori/fisiología , Neoplasias Gástricas/patología , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Diferenciación Celular , Femenino , Mucosa Gástrica/patología , Humanos , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pepsinógeno A/metabolismo , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Malignant large-bowel obstruction (MLBO) is a highly urgent condition in colorectal cancer with high complication rates. Self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) placement in MLBO is a new decompression treatment in Japan. Preoperative stent placement (bridge to surgery: BTS) avoids emergency surgery, but oncological influences of stent placement and post-BTS surgical approach remain unclear. We examined short- and long-term results of surgery for MLBO after SEMS placement in our hospital. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 75 patients with MLBO who underwent resection after SEMS placement at our hospital from June 2013 to December 2018. Postoperative morbidity and mortality were evaluated by comparison with the surgical approach. RESULTS: Tumor location was significantly higher in the left-side colon and rectum (n = 59, 78.7%) than right-side colon (n = 16, 21.3%). Technical and clinical success rates for SEMS placement were 97.3% and 96.0%, respectively. Laparoscopic surgery was performed in 54 patients (69.0%), and one-stage anastomosis was performed in 73 (97.3%). Postoperative complications were similar in the open surgery (open) group (n = 5, 23.8%) and laparoscopic surgery (lap) group (n = 7, 13.0%), with no severe complications requiring reoperation. Three-year overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) rates were not significantly different in the lap vs open group (67.5% vs 66.4%; 82.2% vs 62.5%). CONCLUSION: Preoperative stent treatment avoids stoma construction but allows anastomosis. One-time surgery was performed safely contributing to minimally invasive treatment and acceptable short- and long-term results.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Colorrectales , Obstrucción Intestinal , Laparoscopía , Colon , Neoplasias Colorrectales/complicaciones , Neoplasias Colorrectales/cirugía , Estudios de Factibilidad , Humanos , Obstrucción Intestinal/etiología , Obstrucción Intestinal/cirugía , Japón , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Stents , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Postoperative anastomotic stenosis is a common complication in colorectal cancer patients (3-30%). Complete anastomotic stenosis is rare; however, when it occurs, almost all cases require surgical treatment. We herein report a case in which endoscopic dilation was effective for treating complete anastomotic stenosis after high anterior resection in a rectal cancer patient. CASE PRESENTATION: The patient was a 67-year-old man who underwent laparoscopic high anterior resection for rectal cancer (RS, T4a, N0, M0, Stage IIB (TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors)) in May 2018. The postoperative course was good and the patient was discharged on the 12th postoperative day. Subsequently adjuvant chemotherapy was initiated with oral uracil and tegafur plus leucovorin (UFT/LV); however, he complained of frequent defecation and melena after completion of the first course of chemotherapy. Thus, colonoscopy was performed, which revealed anastomotic stenosis. Endoscopic dilation was initially attempted, but failed. Thus, low anterior resection was performed with diverting colostomy. Four additional courses of chemotherapy were administered for 1 month after surgery. At 6 months after the second surgery, colonoscopy was performed, and complete anastomotic stenosis was pointed out again. The patient was successfully treated by endoscopic dilation using the rendezvous method. After this treatment, the lumen of the anastomotic site was observed to have narrowed again and endoscopic dilatation to treat anastomotic stenosis was repeated. In addition, he received local injection of steroids in anastomotic stenosis site. The lumen of anastomotic stenosis remained after the local injection of steroids and closure of colostomy was performed 9 months after the second operation. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic dilation using the rendezvous method was effective for treating anastomotic stenosis after colorectal surgery.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias del Recto , Anciano , Anastomosis Quirúrgica/efectos adversos , Constricción Patológica/etiología , Dilatación , Humanos , Masculino , Pronóstico , Neoplasias del Recto/cirugía , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and its related insulin resistance are known to increase the risk of cancer. Anti-diabetic agents can improve insulin resistance and may lead to the suppression of carcinogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the preventive effects of the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor voglibose on the development of azoxymethane-induced colorectal pre-neoplastic lesions in obese and diabetic C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice. The direct effects of voglibose on the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells were also evaluated. Mice were injected with azoxymethane to induce colorectal pre-malignancy and were then administered drinking water with or without voglibose. At the end of the study, the administration of voglibose significantly suppressed the development of colorectal neoplastic lesions. In voglibose-treated mice, serum glucose levels, oxidative stress, as well as mRNA expression of the insulin-like growth factor-1 in the colon mucosa, were reduced. The proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells was not altered by voglibose. These results suggested that voglibose suppressed colorectal carcinogenesis in a diabetes- and obesity-related colorectal cancer model, presumably by improving inflammation via the reduction of oxidative stress and suppressing of the insulin-like growth factor/insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor axis in the colonic mucosa.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias del Colon/etiología , Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas/química , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas/farmacología , Inositol/análogos & derivados , Animales , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Azoximetano/efectos adversos , Biomarcadores , Biopsia , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias del Colon/tratamiento farmacológico , Citocinas/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Humanos , Mediadores de Inflamación , Inositol/química , Inositol/farmacología , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Ratones , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Obesidad/complicaciones , Obesidad/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Lesiones PrecancerosasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary dysfunction often accompanies esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). AIMS: This study examined the use of carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation and its safety during esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) while under conscious sedation. METHODS: ESD using CO2 insufflation (1.4 L/min) was performed in 102 consecutive esophageal SCC patients. Patients with a forced expiratory volume of 1.0 s/forced vital capacity (FEV1.0%) < 70% or a vital capacity < 80% were defined as having pulmonary dysfunction. Transcutaneous partial pressure of CO2 (PtcCO2) was recorded before, during, and after ESD. RESULTS: A history of smoking was found in 90 patients (88%), while 43 patients (42%) had pulmonary dysfunction. No significant differences were found between the pulmonary dysfunction and normal groups for the baseline PtcCO2 before ESD, peak PtcCO2 during ESD, and median PtcCO2 after ESD. There was a significant correlation between the PtcCO2 elevation from baseline and the ESD procedure time (r = 0.32, p < 0.01), with the correlation for the pulmonary dysfunction group much stronger (r = 0.39, p < 0.05) than that for the normal group (r = 0.30, p < 0.01). Neither of the groups exhibited any differences for either the complication incidence or the hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: Although the use of CO2 insufflation during esophageal ESD under conscious sedation is safe with regard to the risk of complications, longer procedure times can potentially induce CO2 retention in patients with obstructive lung disease. Thus, it is necessary to both shorten the procedure times and perform CO2 monitoring.
Asunto(s)
Dióxido de Carbono/efectos adversos , Resección Endoscópica de la Mucosa , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Esófago/cirugía , Insuflación/efectos adversos , Anciano , Resección Endoscópica de la Mucosa/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Tiempo de Internación , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oxígeno/metabolismo , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: The target trough concentration of tacrolimus for ulcerative colitis is recommended to be 10-15 ng/mL in the initial two weeks and 5-10 ng/mL in the later phase. However, the effectiveness of rapid attainment of these target trough concentrations of tacrolimus in patients with ulcerative colitis is still unclear. In the present study, we evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of rapid attainment of target trough concentrations of tacrolimus in patients with ulcerative colitis. METHODS: A prospective cohort was conducted at Gifu University Hospital in Gifu, Japan. Hospitalized patients who received tacrolimus for the treatment of ulcerative colitis between April 2009 and March 2017 were enrolled. Since June 2011, the initial loading dose of tacrolimus increased from 0.05 to 0.1-0.2 mg/kg/d, and the maintenance dose to achieve the target trough concentration was determined to be 12.5 ng/mL by proportional calculation with measured blood concentration. The period required to attain target trough concentration and the clinical efficacy before and after dosage modification was compared. RESULTS: The initial dose after dosage modification was significantly increased compared to that before dosage modification (0.10 [0.04-0.22], median [range] mg/kg/d vs 0.05 [0.03-0.05] mg/kg/d, P < 0.001). The period required to attain a target trough concentration over 10 ng/mL was significantly shortened by dosage modification (6 [4-14] days before dosage modification vs 4.5 [2-8] days after modification, P = 0.048). Further, stool frequency score was significantly improved after dosage modification, without affecting the incidence of adverse events. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that rapid attainment of the target trough concentration of tacrolimus improves clinical symptoms in patients with ulcerative colitis.
Asunto(s)
Colitis Ulcerosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Inmunosupresores/administración & dosificación , Tacrolimus/administración & dosificación , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Japón , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenAsunto(s)
Resección Endoscópica de la Mucosa , Neoplasias Esofágicas , Estenosis Esofágica , Herida Quirúrgica , Humanos , Resección Endoscópica de la Mucosa/efectos adversos , Constricción Patológica , Dilatación , Estenosis Esofágica/etiología , Estenosis Esofágica/cirugía , Neoplasias Esofágicas/cirugíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Topical ketoprofen patch has been developed to reduce the risk of systemic adverse effects such as gastrointestinal injury and renal toxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reported here a case of lower intestinal bleeding associated with chronic excessive use of topical ketoprofen patch in an elderly patient. RESULTS: A 74-year-old female visited to the outpatient clinic of the Gifu University Hospital and admitted thereafter. She had fecal occult blood and anemia. Enteroscopic examination showed several ulcerative lesions and a protruded lesion accompanied with redness in the small intestinal mucosa. She used 8 sheets of 20 mg ketoprofen patch every day for a long period to relieve pain in the shoulder, lower back and lower limb. She had no diseases that are related to the initiation of gastrointestinal bleeding, including infection, inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune disease and malignant disease. Thus, the present lower intestinal bleeding was concluded to be due to the use of topical ketoprofen patch. The symptoms were recovered after cessation of the patch. CONCLUSIONS: Extensive care should be taken to avoid ulcerative intestinal hemorrhage to elderly patients receiving multiple doses of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug patch for multiple days.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/efectos adversos , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/inducido químicamente , Cetoprofeno/efectos adversos , Úlcera/inducido químicamente , Administración Tópica , Anciano , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/administración & dosificación , Sobredosis de Droga , Endoscopía Gastrointestinal , Femenino , Humanos , Cetoprofeno/administración & dosificación , Parche TransdérmicoRESUMEN
An 80-year-old man was examined with esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy because of digestive tract hemorrhage;however, no specific cause was found. Small intestinal capsule endoscopy revealed a reddish elevated lesion in the ileum. This lesion was also detected using double-balloon endoscopy as a 5-cm reddish elevated lesion covered with normal villous architecture in the 95-cm part of the Bauhin valve on the oral side. The lesion was laparoscopically resected and diagnosed as inverted Meckel's diverticulum based on pathological examination. This was a rare case where Meckel's diverticulum was inverted, and the lesion was observed using capsule and double-balloon endoscopies before surgery. Although complications of Meckel's diverticulum are rare in the elderly, it is necessary to identify this disease as a cause of small intestinal bleeding, even in elderly patients.
Asunto(s)
Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/diagnóstico , Divertículo Ileal/complicaciones , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Enteroscopía de Doble Balón , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiología , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/cirugía , Humanos , Masculino , Divertículo Ileal/patología , Divertículo Ileal/cirugíaRESUMEN
We report the case of an 80-year-old woman with multiple choledocholithiasis who suffered severe bleeding after endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EPLBD). Astriction by balloon tamponade and a covered, self-expandable, metallic stent failed. However, embolization using a transcatheter arterial coil stopped the bleeding. After hemostasis was achieved, a bile duct injury was observed. We presume that a bile duct stone, which had remained in the lower common bile duct, entered the balloon and the bile duct and caused the bile duct injury. This case emphasizes the need for careful attention during EPLBD.
Asunto(s)
Conductos Biliares/lesiones , Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica/efectos adversos , Hemobilia/etiología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Embolización Terapéutica , Femenino , Cálculos Biliares/terapia , HumanosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation is effective for gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). However, its safety is unknown in patients with pulmonary dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the safety of CO2 insufflation during gastric ESD in patients with pulmonary dysfunction under conscious sedation. METHODS: We analyzed 322 consecutive patients undergoing ESD using CO2 insufflation (1.4 L/min) for gastric lesions. Pulmonary dysfunction was defined as a forced expiratory volume in 1.0 s/forced vital capacity (FEV1.0%) <70% or vital capacity <80%. Transcutaneous partial pressure of CO2 (PtcCO2) was recorded before, during, and after ESD. RESULTS: In total, 127 patients (39%) had pulmonary dysfunction. There were no significant differences in baseline PtcCO2 before ESD, peak PtcCO2 during ESD, and median PtcCO2 after ESD between the pulmonary dysfunction group and normal group. There was a significant correlation between PtcCO2 elevation from baseline and ESD procedure time (r = 0.22, P < 0.05) only in the pulmonary dysfunction group. In patients with FEV1.0% <60%, the correlation was much stronger (r = 0.39, P < 0.05). Neither the complication incidences nor the hospital stay differed between the two groups. CO2 narcosis or gas embolism was not reported in either group. CONCLUSIONS: CO2 insufflation during gastric ESD in patients with pulmonary dysfunction under conscious sedation is safe with regard to complication risk and hospital stay. However, in patients with severe obstructive lung disease, especially in those with FEV1.0% <60%, longer procedure time may induce CO2 retention, thus requiring CO2 monitoring.
Asunto(s)
Dióxido de Carbono/administración & dosificación , Sedación Consciente/métodos , Disección/métodos , Mucosa Gástrica/cirugía , Insuflación/métodos , Enfermedades Pulmonares/complicaciones , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirugía , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Enfermedades Pulmonares/fisiopatología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Gástricas/complicaciones , Resultado del Tratamiento , Capacidad VitalAsunto(s)
Resección Endoscópica de la Mucosa , Hernia Inguinal , Anciano , Colon Ascendente/diagnóstico por imagen , Colon Ascendente/cirugía , Pólipos del Colon/diagnóstico , Pólipos del Colon/cirugía , Resección Endoscópica de la Mucosa/efectos adversos , Resección Endoscópica de la Mucosa/métodos , Hernia Inguinal/diagnóstico , Hernia Inguinal/etiología , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
A woman in her 60s with anemia was diagnosed with a small intestinal intussusception on computed tomography. She underwent a double-balloon endoscopy, which revealed submucosal tumor in the ileum. Suspected to be the cause of anemia and intussusception, surgical intervention was carried out, revealing it to be a schwannoma. Schwannomas of the small intestine are very rare, and because exophytic growths are common, intussusception due to luminal side development is even rarer.
RESUMEN
Objective: Colonoscopy is useful in diagnosing intestinal tuberculosis. However, the terminal ileum is generally not examined during routine colonoscopy. Therefore, even with colonoscopy, the diagnosis can be missed in patients with lesions confined to the terminal ileum. Herein, we report the case of an asymptomatic patient with intestinal tuberculosis, in whom a colonoscope insertion into the terminal ileum led to the diagnosis. Patient: An asymptomatic 71-year-old man visited our hospital for a colonoscopy after a positive fecal occult blood test. Results: Colonoscopy revealed diffuse edematous and erosive mucosa in the terminal ileum. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected by polymerase chain reaction and culture of biopsy specimens from the erosions, leading to the diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis. The patient was treated with antitubercular agents for 6 months, and a follow-up colonoscopy revealed healing of the lesions. Conclusion: Asymptomatic intestinal tuberculosis may occasionally be detected on colonoscopy following a positive fecal occult blood test and is sometimes confined to the terminal ileum. Therefore, clinicians should consider intestinal tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of the causes of positive fecal occult blood test results and perform colonoscopies, including observation of the terminal ileum.
RESUMEN
More effective treatments for hepatitis viral infections have led to a reduction in the incidence of liver cirrhosis. A high-fat diet can lead to chronic hepatitis and liver fibrosis, but the effects of lipid intake on liver disease status, including hepatitis C virus and alcohol, after elimination of the cause are unclear. To investigate the effects, we used a rat cirrhosis model and a high-fat diet in this study. Male Wistar rats were administered carbon tetrachloride for 5 weeks. At 12 weeks of age, one group was sacrificed. The remaining rats were divided into four groups according to whether or not they were administered carbon tetrachloride for 5 weeks, and whether they were fed a high-fat diet or control diet. At 12 weeks of age, liver fibrosis became apparent and then improved in the groups where carbon tetrachloride was discontinued, while it worsened in the groups where carbon tetrachloride was continued. Liver fibrosis was notable in both the carbon tetrachloride discontinuation and continuation groups due to the administration of a high-fat diet. In addition, liver precancerous lesions were observed in all groups, and tumor size and multiplicity were higher in the high-fat diet-fed groups. The expression of genes related to inflammation and lipogenesis were upregulated in rats fed a high-fat diet compared to their controls. The results suggest that a high-fat diet worsens liver fibrosis and promotes liver carcinogenesis, presumably through enhanced inflammation and lipogenesis, even after eliminating the underlying cause of liver cirrhosis.
Asunto(s)
Tetracloruro de Carbono , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Cirrosis Hepática , Ratas Wistar , Animales , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Masculino , Cirrosis Hepática/etiología , Ratas , Hígado/patología , Hígado/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/etiología , Carcinogénesis , LipogénesisRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the effectiveness of NUDT15 codon 139 genotyping in optimizing thiopurine treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Japan, using real-world data, and aimed to establish genotype-based treatment strategies. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 4628 IBD patients who underwent NUDT15 codon 139 genotyping was conducted. This study assessed the purpose of the genotyping test and subsequent prescriptions following the obtained results. Outcomes were compared between the Genotyping group (thiopurine with genotyping test) and Non-genotyping group (thiopurine without genotyping test). Risk factors for adverse events (AEs) were analyzed by genotype and prior genotyping status. RESULTS: Genotyping test for medical purposes showed no significant difference in thiopurine induction rates between Arg/Arg and Arg/Cys genotypes, but nine Arg/Cys patients opted out of thiopurine treatment. In the Genotyping group, Arg/Arg patients received higher initial doses than the Non-genotyping group, while Arg/Cys patients received lower ones (median 25 mg/day). Fewer AEs occurred in the Genotyping group because of their lower incidence in Arg/Cys cases. Starting with < 25 mg/day of AZA reduced AEs in Arg/Cys patients, while Arg/Arg patients had better retention rates when maintaining ≥ 75 mg AZA. Nausea and liver injury correlated with thiopurine formulation but not dosage. pH-dependent mesalamine reduced leukopenia risk in mesalamine users. CONCLUSIONS: NUDT15 codon 139 genotyping effectively reduces thiopurine-induced AEs and improves treatment retention rates in IBD patients after genotype-based dose adjustments. This study provides data-driven treatment strategies based on genotype and identifies risk factors for specific AEs, contributing to a refined thiopurine treatment approach.
Asunto(s)
Azatioprina , Genotipo , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino , Mercaptopurina , Pirofosfatasas , Humanos , Pirofosfatasas/genética , Femenino , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mercaptopurina/uso terapéutico , Mercaptopurina/efectos adversos , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/genética , Japón , Azatioprina/efectos adversos , Azatioprina/uso terapéutico , Adulto Joven , Anciano , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Inmunosupresores/efectos adversos , Adolescente , Factores de Riesgo , Codón , Hidrolasas NudixRESUMEN
A man visited to our hospital because of high grade fever. Computed tomography revealed multilocular space occupying lesion which were suspected liver abscess. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed an advanced gastric cancer with an ulcer on antrum. Antibiotics decreased the level of CRP, concurrently with the reduction of liver space occupying lesion. While he underwent distal gastrectomy, pathological examination demonstrated the existence of bacterial foci and microabscesses on the surface of the gastric cancer. We speculate in this case that liver abscesses were formed by the infection of resident bacteria through portal vein.