RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between nonsyndromic (NS) cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL(P)) and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the CRISPLD2 gene (cysteine-rich secretory protein LCCL domain containing 2). DESIGN: Four SNPs within the CRISPLD2 gene domain (rs1546124, rs8061351, rs2326398, rs4783099) were genotyped to test for association via family-based association methods. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 5826 individuals from 1331 families in which one or more family member is affected with CL(P). RESULTS: Evidence of association was seen for SNP rs1546124 in U.S. (p â=â .02) and Brazilian (p â=â .04) Caucasian cohorts. We also found association of SNP rs1546124 with cleft palate alone (CP) in South Americans (Guatemala and ECLAMC) and combined Hispanics (Guatemala, ECLAMC, and Texas Hispanics; p â=â .03 for both comparisons) and with both cleft lip with cleft palate (CLP; p â=â .04) and CL(P) (p â=â .02) in North Americans. Strong evidence of association was found for SNP rs2326398 with CP in Asian populations (p â=â .003) and with CL(P) in Hispanics (p â=â .03) and also with bilateral CL(P) in Brazilians (p â=â .004). In Brazilians, SNP rs8061351 showed association with cleft subgroups incomplete CL(P) (p â=â .004) and unilateral incomplete CL(P) (p â=â .003). Prediction of SNP functionality revealed that the C allele in the C471T silent mutation (overrepresented in cases with CL(P) presents two putative exonic splicing enhancer motifs and creates a binding site AP-2 alpha, a transcription factor involved in craniofacial development. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the hypothesis that variants in the CRISPLD2 gene may be involved in the etiology of NS CL(P).