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1.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem ; 79(10): 1730-6, 2015.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25988946

RESUMEN

Euglena gracilis is a microalgae used as a model organism. Recently, mass cultivation of this species has been achieved for industrial applications. The genus Euglena includes more than 200 species that share common useful features, but the potential industrial applications of other Euglena species have not been evaluated. Thus, we conducted a pilot screening study to identify other species that proliferate at a sufficiently rapid rate to be used for mass cultivation; we found that Euglena anabaena var. minor had a rapid growth rate. In addition, its cells accumulated more than 40% weight of carbohydrate, most of which is considered to be a euglenoid specific type of beta-1-3-glucan, paramylon. Carbohydrate is stored in E. anabaena var. minor cells during normal culture, whereas E. gracilis requires nitrogen limitation to facilitate paramylon accumulation. These results suggest the potential industrial application of E. anabaena var. minor.


Asunto(s)
Euglena gracilis/metabolismo , Euglena/metabolismo , Biotecnología/métodos , Euglena/clasificación , Euglena/crecimiento & desarrollo , Euglena gracilis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Glucanos/biosíntesis , Glucanos/aislamiento & purificación
2.
Mar Drugs ; 13(8): 5334-57, 2015 Aug 20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26308005

RESUMEN

Carotenoids exert beneficial effects on human health through their excellent antioxidant activity. To increase carotenoid productivity in the marine Pennales Phaeodactylum tricornutum, we genetically engineered the phytoene synthase gene (psy) to improve expression because RNA-sequencing analysis has suggested that the expression level of psy is lower than other enzyme-encoding genes that are involved in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. We isolated psy from P. tricornutum, and this gene was fused with the enhanced green fluorescent protein gene to detect psy expression. After transformation using the microparticle bombardment technique, we obtained several P. tricornutum transformants and confirmed psy expression in their plastids. We investigated the amounts of PSY mRNA and carotenoids, such as fucoxanthin and ß-carotene, at different growth phases. The introduction of psy increased the fucoxanthin content of a transformants by approximately 1.45-fold relative to the levels in the wild-type diatom. However, some transformants failed to show a significant increase in the carotenoid content relative to that of the wild-type diatom. We also found that the amount of PSY mRNA at log phase might contribute to the increase in carotenoids in the transformants at stationary phase.


Asunto(s)
Organismos Acuáticos/genética , Vías Biosintéticas/genética , Carotenoides/biosíntesis , Diatomeas/genética , Expresión Génica/genética , Geranilgeranil-Difosfato Geranilgeraniltransferasa/genética , Carotenoides/genética , Plastidios/genética , ARN Mensajero/genética , Xantófilas/genética , beta Caroteno/genética
5.
PeerJ ; 8: e10002, 2020.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33062431

RESUMEN

Euglena gracilis is a green photosynthetic microalga that swims using its flagellum. This species has been used as a model organism for over half a century to study its metabolism and the mechanisms of its behavior. The development of mass-cultivation technology has led to E. gracilis application as a feedstock in various products such as foods. Therefore, breeding of E. gracilis has been attempted to improve the productivity of this feedstock for potential industrial applications. For this purpose, a characteristic that preserves the microalgal energy e.g., reduces motility, should be added to the cultivars. The objective of this study was to verify our hypothesis that E. gracilis locomotion-defective mutants are suitable for industrial applications because they save the energy required for locomotion. To test this hypothesis, we screened for E. gracilis mutants from Fe-ion-irradiated cell suspensions and established a mutant strain, M 3 - ZFeL, which shows defects in flagellum formation and locomotion. The mutant strain exhibits a growth rate comparable to that of the wild type when cultured under autotrophic conditions, but had a slightly slower growth under heterotrophic conditions. It also stores 1.6 times the amount of paramylon, a crystal of ß-1,3-glucan, under autotrophic culture conditions, and shows a faster sedimentation compared with that of the wild type, because of the deficiency in mobility and probably the high amount of paramylon accumulation. Such characteristics make E. gracilis mutant cells suitable for cost-effective mass cultivation and harvesting.

6.
Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol ; 14(3): 280-9, 2009 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19614641

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare the circadian distribution of the onset, maintenance and termination of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) between structural and non-structural heart diseases (SHD and NSHD, respectively) in the untreated state. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We included 217 patients with 338 PAF (79 SHD patients with 131 episodes; 138 NSHD patients with 207 episodes). The probabilities for the onset, maintenance and termination of PAF for each hour were analyzed using Holter monitoring data and harmonic models being fitted into a cosinusoidal function. RESULTS: The SHD group had a triphasic circadian pattern at the onset with higher peaks at midnight, in the early morning and in the late afternoon (p < 0.05), whereas the NSHD group showed a single peak at midnight (p < 0.01). The probability of maintenance revealed a single peak during midnight (SHD, p < 0.0001; NHD, p < 0.01). The termination showed a peak at noon in the SHD group (p < 0.05), whereas there was a double peak at 10:00 am and 8:00 pm in the NSHD group (p=0.06). RR intervals just after the PAF onset showed marked shortening in the daytime initiation PAF as compared to the nighttime initiation PAF in both SHD and NSHD groups (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that the SHD group has very complex onset hours, whereas the NSHD group shows complex termination hours. Reflexly accelerated sympathetic tone just after the PAF onset is suggested in the daytime initiation PAF.


Asunto(s)
Fibrilación Atrial/fisiopatología , Ritmo Circadiano , Anciano , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Electrocardiografía Ambulatoria , Femenino , Cardiopatías/fisiopatología , Humanos , Análisis de los Mínimos Cuadrados , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad
7.
Sci Rep ; 9(1): 853, 2019 01 29.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30696857

RESUMEN

Euglena gracilis is a microalga, which has been used as a model organism for decades. Recent technological advances have enabled mass cultivation of this species for industrial applications such as feedstock in nutritional foods and cosmetics. E. gracilis degrades its storage polysaccharide (paramylon) under hypoxic conditions for energy acquisition by an oxygen-independent process and accumulates high amount of wax-ester as a by-product. Using this sequence of reactions referred to as wax-ester fermentation, E. gracilis is studied for its application in biofuel production. Although the wax-ester production pathway is well characterized, little is known regarding the biochemical reactions underlying the main metabolic route, especially, the existence of an unknown sulfur-compound metabolism implied by the nasty odor generation accompanying the wax-ester fermentation. In this study, we show sulfur-metabolomics of E. gracilis in aerobic and hypoxic conditions, to reveal the biochemical reactions that occur during wax-ester synthesis. Our results helped us in identifying hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as the nasty odor-producing component in wax-ester fermentation. In addition, the results indicate that glutathione and protein degrades during hypoxia, whereas cysteine, methionine, and their metabolites increase in the cells. This indicates that this shift of abundance in sulfur compounds is the cause of H2S synthesis.


Asunto(s)
Euglena gracilis/fisiología , Hipoxia/metabolismo , Compuestos de Azufre/aislamiento & purificación , Anaerobiosis , Biocombustibles , Ésteres/metabolismo , Fermentación , Glucanos/metabolismo , Sulfuro de Hidrógeno , Metabolómica , Transducción de Señal , Compuestos de Azufre/metabolismo , Ceras/metabolismo
8.
FEBS J ; 275(9): 1988-98, 2008 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18355322

RESUMEN

Endothelial cells are indispensable components of the vascular system, and play pivotal roles during development and in health and disease. Their properties have been studied extensively by in vivo analysis of genetically modified mice. However, further analysis of the molecular and cellular phenotypes of endothelial cells and their heterogeneity at various developmental stages, in vascular beds and in various organs has often been hampered by difficulties in culturing mouse endothelial cells. In order to overcome these difficulties, we developed a new transgenic mouse line expressing the SV40 tsA58 large T antigen (tsA58T Ag) under the control of a binary expression system based on Cre/loxP recombination. tsA58T Ag-positive endothelial cells in primary cultures of a variety of organs proliferate continuously at 33 degrees C without undergoing cell senescence. The resulting cell population consists of blood vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells, which could be separated by immunosorting. Even when cultured for two months, the cells maintained endothelial cell properties, as assessed by expression of endothelium-specific markers and intracellular signaling through the vascular endothelial growth factor receptors VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3, as well as their physiological characteristics. In addition, lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 (Lyve-1) expression in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in vivo was retained in vitro, suggesting that an organ-specific endothelial characteristic was maintained. These results show that our transgenic cell culture system is useful for culturing murine endothelial cells, and will provide an accessible method and applications for studying endothelial cell biology.


Asunto(s)
Técnicas de Cultivo de Célula/métodos , Células Endoteliales/citología , Endotelio Linfático/citología , Animales , Animales Modificados Genéticamente , Antígenos Virales de Tumores/genética , Línea Celular Transformada , Proliferación Celular , Transformación Celular Viral , Células Endoteliales/metabolismo , Células Endoteliales/fisiología , Endotelio Linfático/metabolismo , Endotelio Linfático/fisiología , Endotelio Vascular/citología , Colorantes Fluorescentes/metabolismo , Proteínas Fluorescentes Verdes/metabolismo , Hígado/citología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Ratones Transgénicos , Virus 40 de los Simios/fisiología , Temperatura , Factores de Tiempo , Transgenes
9.
Mar Genomics ; 42: 41-48, 2018 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30509379

RESUMEN

The marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum is attractive for basic and applied diatom research. We isolated putative endogenous gene promoters derived from genes that are highly expressed in P. tricornutum: the fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c-binding protein (FCP) C gene, the vacuolar ATP synthase 16-kDa proteolipid subunit (V-ATPase C) gene, the clumping factor A gene and the solute carrier family 34 member 2 gene. Five putative promoter regions were isolated, linked to an antibiotic resistance gene (Sh ble) and transformed into P. tricornutum. Using quantitative RT-PCR, the promoter activities in the transformants were analyzed and compared to that of the diatom endogenous gene promoter, the FCP A gene promoter which has been used for the transformation of P. tricornutum. Among the five isolated potential promoters, the activity of the V-ATPase C gene promoter was approximately 2.73 times higher than that of the FCP A gene promoter. The V-ATPase C gene promoter drove the expression of Sh ble mRNA transcripts under both light and dark conditions at the stationary phase. These results suggest that the V-ATPase C gene promoter is a novel tool for the genetic engineering of P. tricornutum.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas Algáceas/genética , Diatomeas/genética , Expresión Génica , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Transgenes , Proteínas Algáceas/metabolismo
10.
PLoS One ; 13(2): e0192404, 2018.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29447191

RESUMEN

Euglena gracilis Z (Euglena) is a unicellular, photosynthesizing, microscopic green alga. It contains several nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and unsaturated fatty acids. In this study, to verify the potential role of Euglena consumption on human health and obesity, we evaluated the effect of Euglena on human adipose-derived stem cells. We prepared a Euglena extract and evaluated its effect on cell growth and lipid accumulation, and found that cell growth was promoted by the addition of the Euglena extract. Interestingly, intracellular lipid accumulation was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis and western blotting analysis indicated that the Euglena extract suppressed adipocyte differentiation by inhibiting the gene expression of the master regulators peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and one of three CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPα). Further Oil Red O staining experiments indicated that the Euglena extract inhibited the early stage of adipocyte-differentiation. Consistent with these results, we observed that down-regulation of gene expression was involved in the early stage of adipogenesis represented by the sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 c (SREBP1c), two of three CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPß, C/EBPδ), and the cAMP regulatory element-binding protein (CREB). Taken together, these data suggest that Euglena extract is a promising candidate for the development of a new therapeutic treatment for obesity.


Asunto(s)
Adipocitos/citología , Diferenciación Celular , Euglena , Células Madre/citología , Adipocitos/metabolismo , Proteína alfa Potenciadora de Unión a CCAAT/genética , Células Cultivadas , Humanos , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , PPAR gamma/genética , Células Madre/metabolismo , Proteína 1 de Unión a los Elementos Reguladores de Esteroles/genética
11.
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) ; 64(1): 8-17, 2018.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29491277

RESUMEN

ß-Glucans are a class of polysaccharides consisting of D-glucose units that are polymerized primarily via the ß-1,3 glycosidic bonds, in addition to the ß-1,4 and/or ß-1,6 bonds. They are present in various food products such as cereals, mushrooms, and seaweeds and are known for their numerous effects on the human body, depending on their structures, which are diverse. The major physicochemical properties of ß-glucans include their antioxidant property, which is responsible for the scavenging of reactive oxygen species, and their role as dietary fiber for preventing the absorption of cholesterol, for promoting egestion, and for producing short-chain fatty acids in the intestine. Dietary ß-glucans also exert immunostimulatory and antitumor effects by activation of cells of the mucosal immune system via ß-glucan receptors, such as dectin-1. In this review, we elaborate upon the diversity of the structures and functions of ß-glucans present in food, along with discussing their proposed mechanisms of action. In addition to the traditional ß-glucan-containing foods, recent progress in the commercial mass cultivation and supply of an algal species, Euglena gracilis, as a food material is briefly described. Mass production has enabled consumption of paramylon, a Euglena-specific novel ß-glucan source. The biological effects of paramylon are discussed and compared with those of other ß-glucans.


Asunto(s)
Fenómenos Químicos , beta-Glucanos/química , Animales , Anticolesterolemiantes/química , Antineoplásicos/química , Euglena gracilis/química , Análisis de los Alimentos , Glucanos/química , Humanos , Inmunización , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Células TH1/efectos de los fármacos , Células TH1/metabolismo , Células Th2/efectos de los fármacos , Células Th2/metabolismo
12.
Sci Rep ; 8(1): 8271, 2018 05 29.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29844463

RESUMEN

Microalgae-based metabolic engineering has been proven effective for producing valuable substances such as food supplements, pharmaceutical drugs, biodegradable plastics, and biofuels in the past decade. The ability to accurately visualize and quantify intracellular metabolites in live microalgae is essential for efficient metabolic engineering, but remains a major challenge due to the lack of characterization methods. Here we demonstrate it by synthesizing fluorogenic peptide aptamers with specific binding affinity to a target metabolite and delivering them into live microalgae by femtosecond laser photoporation at single-cell resolution. As a proof-of-principle demonstration of our method, we use it to characterize Euglena gracilis, a photosynthetic unicellular motile microalgal species, which is capable of producing paramylon (a carbohydrate granule similar to starch). Specifically, we synthesize a peptide aptamer containing a paramylon-binding fluorescent probe, 7-nitrobenzofurazan, and introduce it into E. gracilis cells one-by-one by suppressing their mobility with mannitol and transiently perforating them with femtosecond laser pulses at 800 nm for photoporation. To demonstrate the method's practical utility in metabolic engineering, we perform spatially and temporally resolved fluorescence microscopy of single live photoporated E. gracilis cells under different culture conditions. Our method holds great promise for highly efficient microalgae-based metabolic engineering.


Asunto(s)
Aptámeros de Péptidos/administración & dosificación , Ingeniería Metabólica/métodos , Microalgas/metabolismo , Biocombustibles/microbiología , Citoplasma/metabolismo , Euglena gracilis/metabolismo , Colorantes Fluorescentes/metabolismo , Glucanos , Rayos Láser , Microscopía Fluorescente/métodos , Fotosíntesis
13.
J Microbiol Methods ; 130: 106-111, 2016 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27558617

RESUMEN

Single-cell transfection is a powerful technique for delivering chemicals, drugs, or probes into arbitrary, specific single cells. This technique is especially important when the analysis of molecular function and cellular behavior in individual microscopic organisms such as protists requires the precise identification of the target cell, as fluorescence labeling of bulk populations makes tracking of individual motile protists virtually impossible. Herein, we have modified current single-cell electroporation techniques for delivering fluorescent markers into single Euglena gracilis, a motile photosynthetic microalga. Single-cell electroporation introduced molecules into individual living E. gracilis cells after a negative pressure was applied through a syringe connected to the micropipette to the target cell. The new method achieves high transfection efficiency and viability after electroporation. With the new technique, we successfully introduced a variety of molecules such as GFP, Alexa Fluor 488, and exciton-controlled hybridization-sensitive fluorescent oligonucleotide (ECHO) RNA probes into individual motile E. gracilis cells. We demonstrate imaging of endogenous mRNA in living E. gracilis without interfering with their physiological functions, such as swimming or division, over an extended period of time. Thus the modified single-cell electroporation technique is suitable for delivering versatile functional molecules into individual motile protists.


Asunto(s)
Electroporación/métodos , Euglena gracilis/citología , Euglena gracilis/genética , Análisis de la Célula Individual/métodos , Transfección/métodos , Secuencia de Bases , Supervivencia Celular , Euglena gracilis/fisiología , Hibridación in Situ , Modelos Biológicos , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Oligonucleótidos , Sondas ARN , ARN Mensajero/genética , Factores de Tiempo
14.
Front Microbiol ; 7: 2050, 2016.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28066371

RESUMEN

Euglena gracilis is a eukaryotic, unicellular phytoflagellate that has been widely studied in basic science and applied science. Under dark, anaerobic conditions, the cells of E. gracilis produce a wax ester that can be converted into biofuel. Here, we demonstrate that under dark, anaerobic conditions, E. gracilis excretes organic acids, such as succinate and lactate, which are bulk chemicals used in the production of bioplastics. The levels of succinate were altered by changes in the medium and temperature during dark, anaerobic incubation. Succinate production was enhanced when cells were incubated in CM medium in the presence of NaHCO3. Excretion of lactate was minimal in the absence of external carbon sources, but lactate was produced in the presence of glucose during dark, anaerobic incubation. E. gracilis predominantly produced L-lactate; however, the percentage of D-lactate increased to 28.4% in CM medium at 30°C. Finally, we used a commercial strain of E. gracilis for succinate production and found that nitrogen-starved cells, incubated under dark, anaerobic conditions, produced 869.6 mg/L succinate over a 3-day incubation period, which was 70-fold higher than the amount produced by nitrogen-replete cells. This is the first study to demonstrate organic acid excretion by E. gracilis cells and to reveal novel aspects of primary carbon metabolism in this organism.

15.
Sci Rep ; 6: 26327, 2016 05 23.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27212384

RESUMEN

Euglena gracilis, a microalgal species of unicellular flagellate protists, has attracted much attention in both the industrial and academic sectors due to recent advances in the mass cultivation of E. gracilis that have enabled the cost-effective production of nutritional food and cosmetic commodities. In addition, it is known to produce paramylon (ß-1,3-glucan in a crystalline form) as reserve polysaccharide and convert it to wax ester in hypoxic and anaerobic conditions-a promising feedstock for biodiesel and aviation biofuel. However, there remain a number of technical challenges to be solved before it can be deployed in the competitive fuel market. Here we present a method for efficient selective breeding of live oil-rich E. gracilis with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Specifically, the selective breeding method is a repetitive procedure for one-week heterotrophic cultivation, staining intracellular lipids with BODIPY(505/515), and FACS-based isolation of top 0.5% lipid-rich E. gracilis cells with high viability, after inducing mutation with Fe-ion irradiation to the wild type (WT). Consequently, we acquire a live, stable, lipid-rich E. gracilis mutant strain, named B1ZFeL, with 40% more lipid content on average than the WT. Our method paves the way for rapid, cost-effective, energy-efficient production of biofuel.


Asunto(s)
Biocombustibles , Euglena gracilis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Euglena gracilis/metabolismo , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Biotecnología , Euglena gracilis/genética , Citometría de Flujo/métodos , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/genética , Microalgas/genética , Microalgas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Microalgas/metabolismo , Mutación
16.
Nat Microbiol ; 1(10): 16124, 2016 08 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27670110

RESUMEN

Understanding metabolism in live microalgae is crucial for efficient biomaterial engineering, but conventional methods fail to evaluate heterogeneous populations of motile microalgae due to the labelling requirements and limited imaging speeds. Here, we demonstrate label-free video-rate metabolite imaging of live Euglena gracilis and statistical analysis of intracellular metabolite distributions under different culture conditions. Our approach provides further insights into understanding microalgal heterogeneity, optimizing culture methods and screening mutant microalgae.


Asunto(s)
Euglena gracilis/metabolismo , Espectrometría Raman/métodos , Agua/parasitología , Animales , Euglena gracilis/citología , Microscopía por Video/métodos , Imagen Óptica/métodos , Dispersión de Radiación , Espectrometría Raman/instrumentación
17.
Biomed Opt Express ; 7(7): 2703-8, 2016 Jul 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27446699

RESUMEN

We demonstrate high-throughput label-free single-cell image cytometry and image-based classification of Euglena gracilis (a microalgal species) under different culture conditions. We perform it with our high-throughput optofluidic image cytometer composed of a time-stretch microscope with 780-nm resolution and 75-Hz line rate, and an inertial-focusing microfluidic device. By analyzing a large number of single-cell images from the image cytometer, we identify differences in morphological and intracellular phenotypes between E. gracilis cell groups and statistically classify them under various culture conditions including nitrogen deficiency for lipid induction. Our method holds promise for real-time evaluation of culture techniques for E. gracilis and possibly other microalgae in a non-invasive manner.

19.
J Cardiol ; 41(3): 127-34, 2003 Mar.
Artículo en Japonés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12674997

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: Class I antiarrhythmic agents are not always effective in the treatment of life-threatening ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF) especially in patients with cardiopulmonary arrest. Nifekalant hydrochloride(NIF) is a novel class III antiarrhythmic agent for malignant VT/VF. This study prospectively evaluated NIF efficacy for life-threatening VT/VF observed after cardiopulmonary arrest. METHODS: Thirty-two of 145 patients who were transferred to the emergency room in Tokai University Hospital showed VT/VF after resuscitation from cardiopulmonary arrest from June 2000 to March 2001. These 32 patients were treated with 12 mg (mean) epinephrine and 1.0-2.0 mg/kg lidocaine following direct current application(200 to 360J), and then classified into two groups. Eleven patients received intravenous 0.15 to 0.3 mg/kg NIF followed by intravenous infusion of 0.3 to 0.4 mg/kg/hr NIF(NIF group). The other 21 patients received 1.0 to 2.0 mg/kg of lidocaine(non-NIF group). RESULTS: Sinus rhythm was restored in the nine patients(82%) in the NIF group but only four patients (19%) in the non-NIF group. QTc was not prolonged(0.45 +/- 0.04 sec, n = 9) and no torsades de pointes was observed in the NIF group. Two patients survived but the remaining nine patients died in the NIF group. Five patients died of cardiac standstill following sinus bradycardia and repeated sinus arrest within 2 to 27 hr after admission, two patients died of sudden cardiac arrest from sinus rhythm, and two patients died of persistent VT/VF. In contrast, all 21 patients in the non-NIF group died. Seventeen patients died of persistent VT/VF before hospitalization, one patient died of recurrent VT/VF, and three patients died of cardiac standstill following sinus bradycardia. CONCLUSIONS: NIF effectively suppresses VT/VF which is refractory to direct current shock in patients with cardiopulmonary arrest. However, NIF may rather worsen electrophysiological function in the sinus node after administration of high doses of epinephrine, and may induce sinus bradycardia and/or sinus arrest. Careful observation, such as monitoring of electrocardiography and blood pressure and temporary cardiac pacemaker use, is needed to prevent death in patients surviving after cardiopulmonary arrest if NIF is administered following high dose epinephrine infusion.


Asunto(s)
Antiarrítmicos/uso terapéutico , Paro Cardíaco/complicaciones , Pirimidinonas/uso terapéutico , Taquicardia Ventricular/tratamiento farmacológico , Fibrilación Ventricular/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Anciano , Antiarrítmicos/administración & dosificación , Reanimación Cardiopulmonar , Resistencia a Medicamentos , Servicios Médicos de Urgencia , Epinefrina/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Humanos , Lidocaína/farmacología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Pirimidinonas/administración & dosificación
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