Displaced intracapuslar hip fractures in the working age alcohol-abusing patient.

Management of alcohol-abusing patients presenting with intracapsular hip fractures is controversial. The aim of this study was to compare the management and outcome of working-age alcohol-abusing patients with similar-aged controls. Patients were identified from a prospectively collected database of trauma admissions. Full case notes were available for 78 patients under 65 of age presenting with a displaced intacapsular fracture at a teaching hospital between 1998 and 2002. Thirty seven patients had evidence of alcohol abuse. Alcohol-abusing patients presented to hospital later (p = 0.05), underwent surgery a median of 18 hours later (p = 0.011) and required a longer post operative stay (p = 0.003) compared to non-abusers. Despite this, the results of internal fixation were comparable. There was no significant difference between alcohol-abusers and non-abusers in rates of avascular necrosis (6.9% vs 9.7%; odds ratio 0.69, 0.11-4.47) or revision surgery (0.21 vs 0.10 procedures/ patient; odds ratio 1.49, 0.30-7.33). The high rates of alcohol abuse in this low-velocity trauma population suggest such patients are at increased risk of osteoporosis. Routine screening for osteoporosis should be considered in working-age alcohol abusers. After subcapital fracture, reduction and internal fixation is an acceptable treatment in this sub-group of patients.

Image guidance removal of a foreign body in the orbital apex.

Retrieval of foreign bodies lodged in the orbit present a challenging surgical problem. The trans-nasal approach when combined with image-guided navigation allows clear identification of structures and increased safety. We report a case of a successful removal of a foreign body under image-guidance using a trans-nasal approach.

Modified Lothrop procedure in cystic fibrosis patients: does it have a role?

BACKGROUND: The management of frontal sinus disease in cystic fibrosis patients represents a challenge for many surgeons. Procedures can vary from the minimally invasive to those involving extensive open surgery. OBJECTIVE: This study describes the outcomes of the endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure, in terms of safety and morbidity, for cystic fibrosis patients with frontal sinus disease who did not improve following traditional functional endoscopic sinus surgery. METHOD AND RESULTS: The study setting was a tertiary referral unit in a London teaching hospital, the largest national base for adult cystic fibrosis patients. Two patients diagnosed in childhood with cystic fibrosis presented with histories of recurrent, severe frontal sinusitis; both had previously undergone multiple endoscopic sinus surgical procedures. The modified Lothrop procedure was performed on both patients. The outcome measures were symptom resolution and post-operative complications. CONCLUSION: The endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure was beneficial in the cystic fibrosis patients with frontal sinus disease who failed to respond to standard functional endoscopic sinus surgery procedures.

Periorbital cellulitis, subgaleal abscess and superior sagittal sinus thrombosis: a rare combination of complications arising from unilateral frontal sinusitis.

BACKGROUND: Subclinical infection of the sinuses can result in delayed diagnosis and unusual presenting complications. CASE REPORT: This paper describes the case of a 14-year-old boy with a rare combination of periorbital cellulitis, subgaleal abscess and superior sagittal sinus thrombosis following a late presentation of unilateral frontal sinusitis. RESULTS: Following multiple surgical procedures, and antimicrobial and anticoagulation therapy, the patient made a full recovery. CONCLUSION: Serious sinusitis complications still occur, and can do so in unusual combinations with minimal clinical signs. Systemic anticoagulation therapy is considered safe practice in the management of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and may reduce morbidity and mortality.

Holmium:YAG laser: 12-year study of indications for use and outcomes in benign and malignant otolaryngological conditions.

BACKGROUND: We present the largest recorded case series of holmium:YAG laser use in otolaryngology. This laser's hand-held delivery device is easier to manipulate compared with other ENT lasers, and its pulsed delivery mode gives it enhanced cutting and coagulation properties. METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted a 12-year, retrospective study of holmium:YAG laser use in a tertiary referral centre. Sixty-eight patients were included. Nineteen received primary laser treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract (nine with simultaneous neck dissection), and 49 underwent either palatine or lingual tonsillectomy for benign disease. One cancer patient developed a pharyngo-cutaneous fistula, and a second suffered a secondary haemorrhage. No other complications were recorded. There were no local recurrences. CONCLUSIONS: The holmium:YAG laser is safe and effective for benign and malignant otolaryngological conditions. In cancer treatment, it may be best to delay neck dissection until the primary site has healed, in order to avoid fistula formation.

Benign schwannoma of the tonsil.

The case of a rare tumour in a rare location is presented, and important aspects of the management of similar clinical scenarios are highlighted. Tonsillar schwannoma is a slow growing lesion presenting in the third to fifth decade of life. Histological diagnosis is made through the identification of Antoni A (Verocay bodies) and Antoni B cells with S-100 expression. A 24-year-old man presented with a 5 cm right tonsillar tumour causing dysphagia and dysphonia for 6 weeks. Tonsillar schwannoma can be diagnosed in the outpatient clinic. CT imaging and tissue biopsy are the appropriate investigations followed by complete surgical enucleation. Schwannoma has the potential for malignant transformation, with no recorded cases of this occurring in the tonsil.

Image-guided, endoscopic removal of migrated titanium dental implants from maxillary sinus: two cases.

OBJECTIVE: We present two cases of dental implant migration into the maxillary sinus, with subsequent removal via image-guided, transnasal endoscopy. METHOD: Presentation of clinical cases, together with a literature review of alternative surgical techniques, the theories behind implant migration, and the benefits of an image-guided, endoscopic approach. RESULTS: One patient was asymptomatic, and the other had begun to experience sinogenic symptoms after implant displacement. Both patients presented to the ENT clinic, and both underwent the BrainLab protocol to generate computed tomography images for navigational reconstruction. Transnasal endoscopy was carried out with this guidance, and the implants were removed successfully in both cases. Previously used surgical techniques such as the Caldwell-Luc procedure or extraction through the tooth socket have higher rates of conversion to open procedures, more damage to the nasal sinuses and higher post-operative complication rates compared with the transnasal endoscopic approach. CONCLUSION: Both patients underwent successful removal of their migrated dental implants with no complications, and neither required any follow-up intervention.

Perforation after rigid pharyngo-oesophagoscopy: when do symptoms and signs develop?

BACKGROUND: Perforation after pharyngo-oesophagoscopy is a serious complication, and its identification, through close patient monitoring, is essential. Yet little is known about when symptoms and signs develop, and thus how long any close monitoring should last. AIM: To examine the timing of individual symptoms and signs of perforation after rigid pharyngo-oesophagoscopy. METHODOLOGY: Three-centre, retrospective study. RESULTS: Of 3459 patients undergoing rigid pharyngo-oesophagoscopy, 10 (0.29 per cent) developed perforations, nine of which were suspected intra-operatively. Symptoms and signs developed at 1.5 hours post-operatively at the earliest, and at 36 hours at the latest. Three patients were asymptomatic. The majority of procedures (n = 8) were undertaken for food bolus obstruction or foreign body ingestion. CONCLUSION: Pharyngo-oesophagoscopy for food bolus obstruction and foreign body ingestion accounts for a large number of perforations, but symptoms and signs may take longer than 24 hours to develop. A contrast swallow should be considered in high risk patients, and a high index of suspicion maintained in order to detect this complication.

Is admission for epistaxis more common in Caucasian than in Asian people? A preliminary study.

OBJECTIVES: Epistaxis is a common ENT complaint. Although casual observation suggested that it is more common in Caucasian, compared with Asian people, a literature search failed to find any studies investigating ethnicity and epistaxis. The aim of this study was to identify any differences in emergency admission rates for epistaxis between Asian and Caucasian people. DESIGN: Retrospective observational study using hospital computerised data (HISS). SETTING: Large University Hospital accepting ENT emergencies. PARTICIPANTS: All Asian and Caucasian patients admitted under ENT care as an emergency (1 January 2000 to 30 November 2005), split into two groups: one composed of epistaxis patients, the other of all other ENT emergency admissions. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: The proportions of Asian and Caucasian patients among the two patient groups, either epistaxis admissions or other ENT emergency admissions. RESULTS: The proportions of Asian and Caucasian patients in the group admitted with emergency epistaxis were 7.1% (100/1410) and 92.9% (1310/1410) respectively. However, the proportions of Asian and Caucasian patients in the group composed of any other ENT emergency were 13.2% (729/5515) and 86.8% (4786/5515), respectively (chi-squared P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Caucasian people form an unexpectedly large, and Asians a smaller proportion of emergency epistaxis admissions. The possibility of an ethnic risk factor for epistaxis warrants further investigation.