RESUMEN
Fungal abetted processes are among the finest approaches for the transformation or degradation and decolorization of dyes in effluents. In this piece of research; biodegradation and metabolic pathways of two toxic dyes Congo Red (CR) and Reactive black 5 (RB5) by two strains of Aspergillus sp. fungus in batch experiments has been investigated. Morphological characteristics of the isolates were observed with both light and electron microscopies. Based on molecular characterization the isolates were identified as Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. The degradation was also optimized via. operational parameters such as pH, temperature, incubation time, inoculums size, dye concentration, carbon sources and nitrogen sources. Degradation measurements revealed that the isolates effectively degraded 90% and 96% of CR and RB5 respectively. Metabolites were identified with Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS) and degradation pathways of the dyes were proposed. Toxicity assay Phaseolus mungo seeds showed that pure CR and RB5 dyes exhibits significant toxicity whereas fungal treated dye solution resulted in an abatement of the toxicity and cell viability was increased. The results stipulated in this article clearly showed the effectiveness of the isolates on detoxification of CR and RB5 dyes.
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Colorantes , Aguas Residuales , Colorantes/química , Cinética , Biodegradación Ambiental , Rojo Congo/metabolismo , Aspergillus niger/metabolismo , Compuestos Azo/toxicidad , Compuestos Azo/metabolismoRESUMEN
In the present work we synthesize nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) using Rhododendron arboretum (flower) (RNi), Tinospora cordifolia (stems) (GNi), Corylus jacquemontii (seeds) (CNi), and Nardostachys jatamansi (roots) (NNi) extracts by co-precipitation method. The synthesized NiO NPs were characterized in detail in terms of their morphological, crystalline nature, structural and antiproliferative activity against rat skeletal myoblast (L-6) cell lines. Morphological studies confirmed the formation of nanoparticles, while the structural and compositional characterization revealed the well-crystallinity and high purity of the synthesized nanoparticles. For biological applications and cytotoxicity examinations of the synthesized NPs, the rat skeletal myoblast (L-6) cell lines were subjected to study. By detailed cytotoxic investigations, it was observed that among the four kinds of NiO NPs prepared through different plant extracts, the Tinospora cordifolia (stems) showed strong antiproliferative activity against rat skeletal myoblast (L-6) cell lines and the calculated IC50 was 1.671 mg/mL. The observed antiproliferative activity towards different NiO NPs were in the order of GNi > NNi > RNi > CNi. The present studies demonstrate that simply synthesized NiO can efficiently be used as antiproliferative agents.
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Antineoplásicos , Nanopartículas del Metal , Nanopartículas , Animales , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/toxicidad , Níquel/metabolismo , Níquel/toxicidad , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Ratas , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismoRESUMEN
Surgical aortic valve replacement in children who have undergone prior balloon or surgical valvuloplasty or both is a formidable challenge. The aortic annulus is small, there is no ideal prosthesis and lifelong anticoagulation is highly undesirable. A "Y" incision and rectangular patch enlargement of the aortic annulus introduced by Dr. Bo Yang in 2020 combined with aortic valve reconstruction introduced by Dr. Shigeyuki Ozaki in 2011, is feasible, as described in this case.
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Insuficiencia de la Válvula Aórtica , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica , Cardiopatías Congénitas , Prótesis Valvulares Cardíacas , Niño , Humanos , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Pericardio/trasplanteRESUMEN
Phloretin is a natural dihydrochalcone found in many fruits and vegetables, especially in apple tree leaves and the Manchurian apricots, exhibiting several therapeutic properties, such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities. In this review article, the diverse aspects of the anticancer potential of phloretin are addressed, presenting its antiproliferative, proapoptotic, antimetastatic, and antiangiogenic activities in many different preclinical cancer models. The fact that phloretin is a planar lipophilic polyphenol and, thus, a membrane-disrupting Pan-Assay Interference compound (PAIN) compromises the validity of the cell-based anticancer activities. Phloretin significantly reduces membrane dipole potential and, therefore, is expected to be able to activate a number of cellular signaling pathways in a non-specific way. In this way, the effects of this minor flavonoid on Bax and Bcl-2 proteins, caspases and MMPs, cytokines, and inflammatory enzymes are all analyzed in the current review. Moreover, besides the anticancer activities exerted by phloretin alone, its co-effects with conventional anticancer drugs are also under discussion. Therefore, this review presents a thorough overview of the preclinical anticancer potential of phloretin, allowing one to take the next steps in the development of novel drug candidates and move on to clinical trials.
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Neoplasias , Floretina , Humanos , Floretina/farmacología , Floretina/química , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Citocinas , Flavonoides/uso terapéutico , CaspasasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Untreated ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysms ultimately develop into heart failure, thereby affecting patients' survival. We retrospectively analyzed our 13-year experience of the surgical repair for ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm to study the optimal surgical strategy, operative risk and long-term surgical outcome. METHODS: Twenty-six patients underwent surgical repair of ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm from January 2008 to February 2020. Follow-up data were obtained from the outpatient department records and telephone calls. RESULTS: Patch closure of ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm was done in all the 26 patients, most often through the transaortic (69%) and dual-chamber approach (23%). Aortic valve repair was done in one patient while seven patients underwent aortic valve replacement for associated significant aortic regurgitation. There was one in-hospital mortality because of noncardiac cause. The median duration of postoperative hospital stay was 8 days (range, 6-11 days). Follow-up data were available for 89% (23/26) patients. The mean follow-up period was 69 ± 43 months (range, 7-147 months). All survivors were in New York Heart Association functional Class I or II. There was no late death. One patient required rehospitalization for recurrent ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm. There was no recurrent or new-onset significant aortic regurgitation and prosthesis-related complications in late follow-up. CONCLUSION: Surgical repair for ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm carries an acceptable low operative risk and excellent long-term outcome. Though high-risk population, an early diagnosis and optimal surgical approach can prevent worsening of symptoms and consequent heart failure.
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Aneurisma/cirugía , Rotura de la Aorta , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Aórtica , Seno Aórtico , Rotura de la Aorta/cirugía , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Seno Aórtico/cirugíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: The morphological heterogeneity of anomalous pulmonary venous drainage in mixed type total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) has important implications in preoperative diagnosis and surgical repair resulting in high mortality in these patients. METHODS: A retrospective review of 14 patients with mixed type TAPVC undergoing biventricular repair between January 2012 and December 2019 was conducted. A descriptive analysis was done, highlighting the anatomic variation, diagnostic and surgical approach, and surgical outcomes in these patients. RESULTS: The most common anatomic pattern was "3 by 1" (79%) followed by "2 by 2" (21%). The correct diagnosis by transthoracic echocardiography was made in 10 (71%) of the 14 patients. In contrast, preoperative computed tomographic (CT) angiography was performed in 10 patients and correct diagnosis was obtained in 8 (80%) of them. Pulmonary venous obstruction was seen in one patient before surgery. The in-hospital mortality was 14% (2/14). Four patients had pulmonary hypertensive crisis in the postoperative period. The average follow-up was 54 ± 27 months (range: 17-98 months) after surgical repair, and all surviving patients were asymptomatic. There was no late death. No clinically apparent sequelae were seen in six patients in whom isolated left superior pulmonary vein drainage was left uncorrected. CONCLUSION: An accurate diagnosis of anatomic pattern in mixed type TAPVC can be difficult to establish in all the patients before surgery. Detailed intraoperative assessment, individualized surgical approach, and aggressive perioperative management may reduce surgical mortality. Operative survivors have good midterm outcome.
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Venas Pulmonares , Enfermedad Veno-Oclusiva Pulmonar , Síndrome de Cimitarra , Ecocardiografía , Humanos , Lactante , Venas Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Venas Pulmonares/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Síndrome de Cimitarra/diagnóstico por imagen , Síndrome de Cimitarra/cirugíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: In patients with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC), left atrium (LA) is small and suprasystemic pulmonary artery (PA) pressures may be present in some patients. In our study, we studied the relationship between surgical LA enlargement and patent foramen ovale (PFO) creation separately on the outcomes of patients with TAPVC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Out of the 130 patients operated in our institute between January 2014 and December 2020, LA was enlarged in 60 patients. LA enlargement was done using a larger patch for atrial septal defect (ASD) closure. Thus, the LA volume was increased by shifting the patch towards the right atrium (RA). Suprasystemic or high PA pressures were present in 60 patients. In 33 patients, PFO was created. Early surgical outcomes were determined on the basis of vasoactive inotropic score (VIS), hours of ventilation, hours of inotropic support, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and hospital stay. RESULT: Between the LA enlarged and nonenlarged group there was statistically significant less VIS score (18 [13-27.5] vs. 24 [18-30], p value .019), hours of ventilation (23 [16-46.5] vs. 26 [18-60], p value .039), hours of inotropic support (45.5 [30-72] vs. 55 [38-84], p value .038), and ICU stay (7 [5-9] vs. 8 [7-10] p value .0352) and statistically nonsignificant less hospital stay (11.5 [9-13] vs. 12 [9-14], p value .424). In patients with preoperative suprasystemic or high PA pressures, there was a statistically significant less VIS score (16 [11-23.5] vs. 18 [13-25], p value .044), hours of ventilation (20 [14-37] vs. 22 [18-39], p value .038), hours of inotropic support (34 [29.5-71] vs. 38 [30-78], p value .042), and hospital stay (9 [5-12] vs. 11 [9-14], p value .038) and statistically nonsignificant less ICU stay (7 [5.5-9] vs. 7 [6-9], p value .886) in the group with a PFO with respect to the other group in which no PFO was created. CONCLUSION: In patients with TAPVC, LA can be enlarged by using a large ASD patch and thus shifting the septum towards RA. Early surgical outcomes were improved with LA enlargement. In patients with suprasystemic or high PA pressures, leaving a PFO improved the postoperative outcomes.
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Foramen Oval Permeable , Síndrome de Cimitarra , Foramen Oval Permeable/diagnóstico por imagen , Foramen Oval Permeable/cirugía , Atrios Cardíacos/diagnóstico por imagen , Atrios Cardíacos/cirugía , Humanos , Tiempo de Internación , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
We report first complete genomic investigation of extensive drug resistance (XDR) in a nosocomial Stenotrophomonas maltophilia complex strain that is resistant to mainstream drugs (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and levofloxacin). Comprehensive genomic investigation revealed its exclusive fourteen dynamic regions and highly enriched resistome comprising of two sulfonamide resistance genes on two diverse super-integrons of chromosomal origin. In addition, both these integrons harbour array of antibiotic resistance and commonly used disinfectant's resistance genes linked to ISCR elements. Isolation of a novel XDR strain from Indian tertiary care unit belonging to novel ST with diverse array of resistance genes on ISCR linked super-integrons indicates extent and nature of selection pressure in hospitals. Since, repetitive elements have major role in their spread and due to limitations of draft genomes, there is an urgent need to employ complete genome-based investigation for tracking the emergence of XDR at global level and designing strategies of antimicrobial stewardship and disinfection. IMPORTANCE: Hospital settings in India have one of the highest usages of antimicrobials and a heavy patient load. We hereby report a novel clinical isolate of S. maltophilia complex with two super-integrons that harbour array of antimicrobial resistance genes along with biocide and heavy metal resistance genes. Further, the presence of ISCR type of transposable elements on both the integrons indicates their propensity to transfer resistome while their chromosomal origin suggests possibilities for further genomic/phenotypic complexities according to selection pressure. Such complex mobile cassettes in a novel strain is a potential threat to global health care. Hence, to understand the evolution of opportunistic nosocomial pathogen, there is an urgent need to employ cost-effective long read technologies to keep vigilance on novel and XDR pathogens in populous countries. There is also need for surveillance of the usage of disinfectants and other antimicrobials for environmental hygiene and linked/rapid co-evolution of XDR in nosocomial pathogens. Repositories: Complete genome sequence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia SM866: CP031058.
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Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana/genética , Evolución Molecular , Genoma Bacteriano , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia/efectos de los fármacos , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia/genética , Genómica , Humanos , Integrones , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Filogenia , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia/clasificación , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Delayed embolization of ductal occluder device into the aorta after transcatheter closure of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with almost complete obstruction of the aorta is extremely rare. Our patient had delayed migration of a ductal occluder device into the descending thoracic aorta (DTA) 6 months after its deployment. Because of critical biventricular dysfunction, urgent surgical removal of the device from the descending aorta was done via left posterolateral thoracotomy without using cardiopulmonary bypass. PDA was not closed because of doubt about the reversibility of pulmonary artery hypertension and severe right ventricular dysfunction so that it can act as an outlet to the decompensated right ventricle. The patient made an uneventful recovery. The patient was started on pulmonary vasodilators and is planned for right heart catheterization study after 2 months to check for the operability of PDA.
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Aorta Torácica/cirugía , Remoción de Dispositivos/métodos , Embolia/etiología , Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Ventrículos Cardíacos , Dispositivo Oclusor Septal/efectos adversos , Niño , Conducto Arterioso Permeable/cirugía , Femenino , Migración de Cuerpo Extraño/etiología , Migración de Cuerpo Extraño/cirugía , Humanos , Hipertensión Pulmonar , Toracotomía/métodos , Factores de Tiempo , Disfunción Ventricular DerechaRESUMEN
Congenital aneurysmal dilatation of coronary artery with coronary cameral fistula is rare in childhood. We report an even rarer association of congenital right coronary artery aneurysm and right coronary artery to right ventricle fistula with bicuspid pulmonary valve stenosis and an intact ventricular septum in a 3-year-old child.
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Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardiovasculares/métodos , Aneurisma Coronario/cirugía , Enfermedad Coronaria/cirugía , Fístula/cirugía , Cardiopatías/cirugía , Ventrículos Cardíacos/cirugía , Estenosis de la Válvula Pulmonar/cirugía , Válvula Pulmonar/anomalías , Válvula Pulmonar/cirugía , Fístula Vascular/cirugía , Preescolar , Angiografía por Tomografía Computarizada , Aneurisma Coronario/congénito , Aneurisma Coronario/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedad Coronaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedad Coronaria/etiología , Ecocardiografía Transesofágica , Femenino , Fístula/diagnóstico por imagen , Fístula/etiología , Cardiopatías/diagnóstico por imagen , Cardiopatías/etiología , Ventrículos Cardíacos/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Válvula Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagen , Estenosis de la Válvula Pulmonar/congénito , Estenosis de la Válvula Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades Raras , Resultado del Tratamiento , Fístula Vascular/diagnóstico por imagen , Fístula Vascular/etiologíaRESUMEN
The association of atretic right superior vena cava with persistent left superior vena cava draining directly into left atrium with absent coronary sinus in atrioventricular canal defect is virtually unknown in adults with no case reported so far. Though atretic right superior vena cava with persistent left superior vena cava is an extremely rare venous anomaly seen in congenital heart disease, it has important clinical implications in cardiac surgery and interventional cardiology. Atrial arrhythmias and right bundle branch block are common with advancing age in partial atrioventricualr canal defect but complete heart block has scarcely been reported in the medical literature.
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Seno Coronario , Vena Cava Superior , Adulto , Seno Coronario/diagnóstico por imagen , Seno Coronario/cirugía , Atrios Cardíacos/diagnóstico por imagen , Atrios Cardíacos/cirugía , Defectos de los Tabiques Cardíacos , Defectos del Tabique Interventricular , Humanos , Vena Cava Superior/diagnóstico por imagen , Vena Cava Superior/cirugíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Aortopulmonary window (APW) is a rare congenital cardiac defect accounting for 0.1% to 0.2% of all congenital cardiac defects. We here present the current midterm outcome of surgical repair of APW in patients more than 3 months of age. METHODS: The retrospective study was conducted to identify all the patients more than 3 months of age at presentation who underwent surgical repair of APW between June 2010 and August 2018 at our tertiary care institute and their outcome was analyzed. RESULTS: We found 14 patients of APW operated at the age of more than 3 months over a period of 8 years. Mean age of the cohort was 2.29 ± 2.96 years ranging from 3 months to 10 years with 57.14% being males. There were 11 (78.57%) patients with isolated APW and 3 (21.43%) had associated cardiac defects including tetralogy of Fallot (n = 1), ventricular septal defect (n = 1), subaortic membrane causing subaortic stenosis (n = 1), and one had extracardiac malformations. Two patients had type I, nine had type II, and three had type III APW as per Jacobs' classification. The mean size of the defect was 14.14 ± 4.33 mm. Mean duration of mechanical ventilation was 26.91 ± 16.65 hours (range, 12.25-67 hours). There was one in-hospital mortality and no late mortality over a mean follow-up of 3.06 ± 2.19 years. None of the patients required any kind of reintervention. CONCLUSION: Good results can be obtained even on late presentation with adequate perioperative care of the patients with the reversible pulmonary hypertensive disease.
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Defecto del Tabique Aortopulmonar/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos/métodos , Factores de Edad , Defecto del Tabique Aortopulmonar/clasificación , Defecto del Tabique Aortopulmonar/complicaciones , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios de Cohortes , Estenosis Subaórtica Fija/complicaciones , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Cardiopatías Congénitas/complicaciones , Defectos del Tabique Interventricular/complicaciones , Humanos , Hipertensión Pulmonar/complicaciones , Lactante , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tetralogía de Fallot/complicaciones , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoAsunto(s)
Anomalías Múltiples/diagnóstico por imagen , Anomalías Múltiples/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardiovasculares/métodos , Cardiopatías Congénitas/diagnóstico por imagen , Cardiopatías Congénitas/cirugía , Venas Hepáticas/anomalías , Venas Hepáticas/cirugía , Tetralogía de Fallot/diagnóstico por imagen , Tetralogía de Fallot/cirugía , Aorta Torácica/anomalías , Aorta Torácica/diagnóstico por imagen , Aorta Torácica/cirugía , Preescolar , Angiografía por Tomografía Computarizada , Seno Coronario/anomalías , Seno Coronario/diagnóstico por imagen , Ecocardiografía , Femenino , Humanos , Radiografía Torácica , Resultado del Tratamiento , Vena Cava Inferior/anomalías , Vena Cava Inferior/diagnóstico por imagen , Vena Cava Superior/anomalías , Vena Cava Superior/diagnóstico por imagenAsunto(s)
Aneurisma de la Aorta/diagnóstico por imagen , Aneurisma de la Aorta/cirugía , Anomalías de los Vasos Coronarios/diagnóstico por imagen , Anomalías de los Vasos Coronarios/cirugía , Seno Aórtico/diagnóstico por imagen , Seno Aórtico/cirugía , Enfermedades Vasculares/congénito , Anciano , Aneurisma de la Aorta/complicaciones , Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Aórtica/complicaciones , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Angiografía por Tomografía Computarizada , Angiografía Coronaria , Anomalías de los Vasos Coronarios/complicaciones , Ecocardiografía , Ecocardiografía Transesofágica , Implantación de Prótesis de Válvulas Cardíacas , Humanos , Masculino , Resultado del Tratamiento , Enfermedades Vasculares/complicaciones , Enfermedades Vasculares/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades Vasculares/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Vasculares/métodosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cor triatriatum has been described as a heart with three atria in which the left atrium (cor triatriatum sinistrum) or right atrium (cor triatriatum dextrum) is divided into two compartments by a fold of tissue, a membrane, or a fibromuscular band. Double-chambered right ventricle, on the other hand, is identified by the presence of an anomalous muscle bundle dividing the right ventricle into two chambers. CASE PRESENTATION: Here, we describe the case of a child who had a combination of both of these rare entities, effectively creating a heart with six chambers. The child underwent a successful intracardiac repair. CONCLUSIONS: The association of CTS with DCRV forming a "6-chambered heart" is extremely rare. Awareness of its existence and accurate preoperative diagnosis has important implications in its surgical repair with all the components of this disease spectrum, further increasing the complexity of a successful surgical repair.
RESUMEN
Selenium (Se) nanorods (NRs) capped with BSA were used as precursor to synthesize Se-Au/Ag hybrid nanocrystals (NCs). Aqueous Au/Ag ions in the presence of fixed amount of purified dried Se NRs were reduced by ascorbic acid at 80 degrees C to generate respective nucleating centres which subsequently grew on the capped BSA hot spots. The hybrid NCs thus obtained were characterized by SEM, TEM, and EDS analysis while their synthesis was monitored simultaneously by UV-visible absorbance due to the surface plasmon resonance of Au and Ag nanoparticles (NPs). In both cases, a gradual decrease in the absorbance of Au/Ag NPs with respect to reaction time was observed which indicated a diminishing number density of such particles in colloidal aqueous phase. SEM and TEM analyses then explained the presence of Au NPs in self assembled ball shaped aggregates and their selective adsorption on Se NRs, whereas no self aggregated balls of Ag NPs were observed and they always grew on the Se NRs. The results were discussed on the basis of different routes followed by the Au and Ag nucleating centres to produced hybrid nanomaterials.
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División Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Oro/química , Nanoestructuras , Selenio/química , Albúmina Sérica Bovina/farmacología , Plata/química , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión , Espectrofotometría UltravioletaRESUMEN
Diffuse neurofibroma is a rare form of neurofibroma, usually reported in the head and neck. To our knowledge, diffuse neurofibroma of the anterior chest wall has not been reported previously. Even rarer is involvement of the sternum in neurofibroma. We report a case of a 30-year-old lady who presented with a rapidly growing, painless giant exophytic mass involving almost the entire anterior chest wall. The tumor mass was infiltrating the sternum. Excision of the tumor left a large full-thickness thoracic defect that was covered using polypropylene mesh beneath a pedicled omental flap with a split skin graft over it.
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Neurofibroma , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica , Pared Torácica , Toracoplastia , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Neurofibroma/diagnóstico por imagen , Neurofibroma/cirugía , Esternón/diagnóstico por imagen , Esternón/cirugía , Pared Torácica/diagnóstico por imagen , Pared Torácica/cirugíaRESUMEN
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with unilateral absence of pulmonary artery and the anomalous coronary artery is a rare combination. Detailed preoperative evaluation of coronary artery anatomy is must to prevent injury to the major vessels crossing right ventricular outflow tract. We report a rare association of single coronary artery with left circumflex artery crossing right ventricular outflow tract close to the pulmonary annulus in tetralogy of Fallot with absent left pulmonary artery in 11-year-old girl. Though there is a great diversity of coronary anomalies in tetralogy of Fallot, the prepulmonic course of left circumflex artery crossing the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) close to the pulmonary annulus has rarely been described in the literature. The patient underwent successful primary single lung intracardiac repair. Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction was treated by handmade valved pericardial autologous conduit and release of the tethering of hypoplastic native unicuspid pulmonary valve leaflet maintaining its integrity.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Reconstruction of right ventricular outflow tract during primary repair of tetralogy of Fallot often requires the placement of a transannular patch which results in pulmonary regurgitation (PR). We compared the short-term outcomes of bicuspid polytetrafluoroethylene membrane valve versus transannular pericardial patch reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract. METHODS: Thirty consecutive patients undergoing primary repair of tetralogy of Fallot were randomly allocated to two groups - polytetrafluoroethylene valve (PTFEV) group (n=15) and transannular pericardial patch (TAP) group (n=15). The two groups had similar preoperative demographic characteristics. We compared the short-term clinical and echocardiographic outcomes between these groups. The transthoracic echocardiographic follow-up was performed at one week, one month and six months after surgery. RESULTS: The PTFEV group had significantly lower central venous pressure in the immediate postoperative period compared to the TAP group (7.60±2.06 vs. 10.13±1.73, P=0.002). Extubation time was significantly shorter in the PTFEV group compared to the TAP group (12.93±7.55 hrs vs. 22.23±15.11 hrs, P=0.04). PR in the PTFEV group was absent in five patients at 24 hours post-surgery. At the study endpoint, PR was absent in six, trivial in one and mild in eight patients in the PTFEV group compared to TAP group, where all 15 patients had severe PR. CONCLUSION: The bicuspid polytetrafluoroethylene membrane valves significantly decrease the central venous pressure in the immediate postoperative period, facilitate early extubation and, thus, prevent ventilator-related comorbidities. They achieve a high degree of pulmonary competence and do not increase the right ventricular outflow tract gradient in short-term follow-up.
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Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Pulmonar , Válvula Pulmonar , Tetralogía de Fallot , Humanos , Lactante , Politetrafluoroetileno , Válvula Pulmonar/cirugía , Tetralogía de Fallot/cirugía , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized in the presence of water soluble biomolecules such as DNA, chitosan, phospholipids, and BSA by using seed-mediated approach at room temperature. All reactions produced mostly spherical geometries with comparable size (< or = 20 nm). The NPs were arranged in a typical pearl-necklace type arrangement except in the presence of BSA. Different measurements such as UV-visible, TEM, XRD, and XPS were used to characterize the Au NPs. Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to identify the interactions between biomolecules and blank (uncapped) Au NPs in aqueous colloidal solutions. It was concluded that the favorable interactions between Au NPs and biomolecules in aqueous phase, in fact, drive them into pearl-necklace type arrangement in the dried state.