Reversal effect of rosmarinic acid on multidrug resistance in SGC7901/Adr cell.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) has been a major problem in cancer chemotherapy. In this study, the aim was to explore the reversal effect and its potential mechanism of rosmarinic acid (RA) on SGC7901/Adr cells. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to investigate the reversal index of RA in SGC7901/Adr cell line. The intracellular accumulation of adriamycin, rhodamine123 (Rh123), and the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) were assayed by flow cytometry. The influence of RA on the transcription of MDR1 gene was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that RA could reverse the MDR of SGC7901/Adr cells, increase the intracellular accumulation of Adr and Rh123, and decrease the transcription of MDR1 gene and the expression of P-gp in SGC7901/Adr cells. These results indicated that RA was a potential multidrug resistance-reversing agent and warranted further investigations.

Clinical effects of different anesthesia methods in lateral episiotomy.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical effects of different anesthesia methods in lateral episiotomy. Providing the guidance of choosing the appropriate anesthesia method in clinical operation. METHODS: A total of 300 primiparas with vaginal delivery were enrolled into this study. These primiparas were divided into three groups (n=100, each), according to the different methods of anesthesia: group A (pudendal nerve block anesthesia + stepwise dissection and incisional local anesthesia), group B (bilateral pudendal nerve block anesthesia), and group C (pudendal nerve block anesthesia + local infiltration anesthesia). The pain score of these primiparas at the time of perineal dissection and suturing, as well as suturing time and bleeding volume, were observed and compared among these three groups. RESULTS: In respect of pain scores at the time of suturing in lateral episiotomy, maternal pain score was significantly lower in group A than in groups B and C; and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). In respect of the time required for suturing in lateral episiotomy, suturing time was shorter in group A than in groups B and C; and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). In respect of the bleeding volume in lateral episiotomy, maternal bleeding volume was lesser in group A than in groups B and C; and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Among these three commonly used methods of anesthesia in lateral episiotomy, the pudendal nerve block anesthesia + stepwise dissection and incisional local anesthesia method used in group A had the best analgesic effect, the shortest suturing time, and the lowest wound blood loss. KEY WORDS: Lateral episiotomy, Pudendal nerve block anesthesia, Local anesthesia, Pain score.