Arabidopsis ERdj3B coordinates with ERECTA-family receptor kinases to regulate ovule development and the heat stress response.

The endoplasmic reticulum-localized DnaJ family 3B (ERdj3B), is a component of the stromal cell-derived factor 2 (SDF2)-ERdj3B-binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) chaperone complex, which functions in protein folding, translocation, and quality control. We found that ERdj3B mutations affected integument development in the Ler ecotype but not in the Col-0 ecotype of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Map-based cloning identified the ERECTA (ER) gene as a natural modifier of ERdj3B. The double mutation of ERdj3B and ER caused a major defect in the inner integument under heat stress. Additional mutation of the ER paralog ERECTA-LIKE 1 (ERL1) or ERL2 to the erdj3b er double mutant exacerbated the defective integument phenotype. The double mutation of ER and SDF2, the other component of the SDF2-ERdj3B-BiP complex, resulted in similar defects in the inner integument. Furthermore, both the protein abundance and plasma membrane partitioning of ER, ERL1, and ERL2 were markedly reduced in erdj3b plants, indicating that the SDF2-ERdj3B-BiP chaperone complex might control the translocation of ERECTA-family proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. Our results suggest that the SDF2-ERdj3B-BiP complex functions in ovule development and the heat stress response in coordination with ERECTA-family receptor kinases.

Altered CD226/TIGIT expressions were associated with NK phenotypes in primary antiphospholipid syndrome and affected by IL-4/JAK pathway.

Natural killer (NK) cells were reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of primary antiphospholipid syndrome (pAPS). Immunosuppressive receptor T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) and activating receptor cluster of differentiation 226 (CD226) are specifically expressed on NK cells with competitive functions. This study aims to investigate the expression diversities of CD226/TIGIT on NK subsets and their associations with NK subsets activation phenotypes and potential clinical significance, furthermore, to explore potential cause for CD226/TIGIT expression diversities in pAPS. We comparatively assessed the changes of CD56brightNK, CD56dimNK, and NK-like cells in 70 pAPS patients compared with control groups, including systemic lupus erythematosus, asymptomatic antiphospholipid antibodies carriers (asymp-aPLs carriers), and healthy controls and their expression diversities of CD226/TIGIT by flow cytometry. CD25, CD69, CD107α expression, and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) secretion levels of NK subsets were detected to determine the potential association of CD226/TIGIT expression with NK subsets phenotypes. CD226/TIGIT expression levels were compared among different subgroups divided by aPLs status. Moreover, in vitro cultures were conducted to explore the potential mechanisms of CD226/TIGIT expression imbalance. CD56brightNK and CD3+CD56+NK-like cells were significantly increased while CD56dimNK cells were obviously decreased in pAPS, and CD56brightNK and NK-like cells exhibited significantly higher CD226 but lower TIGIT expressions. CD226+CD56brightNK and TIGIT-CD56brightNK cells show higher CD69 expression and IFN-γ secretion capacity, and CD226+NK-like and TIGIT-NK-like cells showed higher expressions of CD25 and CD69 but lower apoptosis rate than CD226- and TIGIT+CD56brightNK/NK-like cells, respectively. The imbalanced CD226/TIGIT expressions were most significant in aPLs triple-positive group. Imbalanced expressions of CD226/TIGIT on CD56brightNK and NK-like cells were aggravated after interleukin-4 (IL-4) stimulation and recovered after tofacitinib blocking. Our data revealed significant imbalanced CD226/TIGIT expressions on NK subsets in pAPS, which closely associated with NK subsets phenotypes and more complicated autoantibody status. CD226/TIGIT imbalanced may be affected by IL-4/Janus Kinase (JAK) pathway activation.

Imaging diagnosis and differential diagnosis of extraskeletal osteosarcoma.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical, imaging and pathological features of extraskeletal osteosarcoma (EOS) and to improve the understanding of this disease and other similar lesions. METHODS: The data for 11 patients with pathologically confirmed extraosseous osteosarcoma, including tumour site and size and imaging and clinical manifestations, were analysed retrospectively. RESULTS: Six patients were male (60%), and 5 were female (40%); patient age ranged from 23 to 76 years (average age 47.1 years). Among the 11 patients, 7 had clear calcifications or ossification with different morphologies, and 2 patients showed a massive mature bone tumour. MRI showed a mixed-signal mass with slightly longer T1 and T2 signals in the tumour parenchyma. Enhanced CT and MRI scans showed enhancement in the parenchyma. Ten patients had different degrees of necrosis and cystic degeneration in the mass, 2 of whom were complicated with haemorrhage, and MRI showed "fluid‒fluid level" signs. Of the 11 patients, five patients survived after surgery, and no obvious recurrence or metastasis was found on imaging examination. One patient died of lung metastasis after surgery, and 2 patients with open biopsy died of disease progression. One patient died of respiratory failure 2 months after operation. 2 patients had positive surgical margins, and 1 had lung metastasis 6 months after operation and died 19 months after operation. Another patient had recurrence 2 months after surgery. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of EOS requires a combination of clinical, imaging and histological examinations. Cystic degeneration and necrosis; mineralization is common, especially thick and lumpy mineralization. Extended resection is still the first choice for localized lesions. For patients with positive surgical margins or metastases, adjuvant chemoradiotherapy is needed.

Striatal and Extrastriatal Monoaminergic Disruption in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy.

BACKGROUND: As a biomarker targeting vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), 18F-9-fluoropropyldihydrotetrabenazine (18F-FP-DTBZ) positron emission tomography (PET) is highly accurate in diagnosing Parkinson's disease (PD) and assessing its severity. However, evidence is insufficient in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the striatal and extrastriatal monoaminergic disruption of PSP and differences in patterns between patients with PSP, PD, and healthy controls (HCs) using 18F-FP-DTBZ PET, as well as its correlations with the clinical characteristics of PSP. METHODS: We recruited 58 patients with PSP, 23 age- and duration-matched patients with PD, as well as 17 HCs. Patients were scanned using 18F-FP-DTBZ PET/computed tomography, and images were spatially normalized and analyzed based on the volume of interest. RESULTS: VMAT2 binding differed significantly in the striatum and substantia nigra among the groups (P < 0.001). A more severe disruption in the caudate was noted in the PSP group (P < 0.001) than in the PD group. However, no differences were found in the nucleus accumbens, hippocampus, amygdala, or raphe between the PD and PSP groups. Within the PSP group, striatal VMAT2 binding was significantly associated with the fall/postural stability subscore of the PSP Rating Scale, especially in the putamen. Furthermore, VMAT2 binding was correlated with Mini-Mental State Examination or Montreal Cognitive Assessment in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS: Caudate disruptions showed prominent differences among the groups. VAMT2 binding in the striatum and hippocampus reflects the severity of fall/postural stability and cognition, respectively. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

Genetic and prognostic analysis of blastoid and pleomorphic mantle cell lymphoma: a multicenter analysis in China.

Blastoid or pleomorphic mantle cell lymphoma (B/P-MCL) is characterized by high invasiveness and unfavorable outcomes, which is still a challenge for treating MCL. This retrospective study was performed to comprehensively analyze the clinical, genomic characteristics and treatment options of patients with B/PMCL from multicenter in China. Data were obtained from 693 patients with B/PMCL from three centers in China between April 1999 and December 2019. Seventy-four patients with BMCL (n = 43) or PMCL (n = 31) were included in the analysis. The median age of the cohort was 60.0 years with a male-to-female ratio of 2.89:1. The 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 44.1% and 46.0%, respectively. Mutations of TP53, ATM, NOTCH1, NOTCH2, NSD2, SMARCA4, CREBBP, KMT2D, FAT1, and TRAF2 genes were the most common genetic changes in B/P-MCL. Progression of disease within 12 months (POD12) could independently predict the poor prognosis of patients with blastoid and pleomorphic variants. Patients with POD12 carried a distinct mutation profile (TP53, SMARCA4, NSD2, NOTCH2, KMT2D, PTPRD, CREBBP, and CDKN2A mutations) compared to patients with non-POD12. First-line high-dose cytosine arabinoside exposure obtained survival benefits in these populations, and BTKi combination therapy as the front-line treatment had somewhat improvement in survival with no significant difference in the statistic. In conclusion, B/P-MCL had inferior outcomes and a distinct genomic profile. Patients with POD12 displayed a distinct mutation profile and a poor prognosis. New therapeutic drugs and clinical trials for B/P-MCL need to be further explored.

Efficacy of chidamide maintenance therapy versus autologous stem cell transplantation versus observation as a post-remission choice in the survival of adult patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma: Post hoc analysis of a prospective, multicenter, phase 2 study in China.

In this prospective, multicenter, Phase 2 clinical trial (NCT02987244), patients with peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) who had responded to first-line chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin or epirubicin, vincristine or vindesine, etoposide, and prednisone (Chi-CHOEP) were treated by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) or with chidamide maintenance or observation. A total of 85 patients received one of the following interventions: ASCT (n = 15), chidamide maintenance (n = 44), and observation (n = 26). estimated 3 PFS and OS rates were 85.6%, 80.8%, and 49.4% (P = 0.001). The two-year OS rates were 85.6%, 80.8%, and 69.0% (P = 0.075).The ASCT and chidamide maintenance groups had significantly better progression-free survival (PFS) than the observation group (P = 0.001, and P = 0.01, respectively). The overall survival (OS) differed significantly between the chidamide maintenance group and the observation group ( P = 0.041). The multivariate and propensity score matching analyses for PFS revealed better outcomes in the subjects in the chidamide maintenance than observation groups (P = 0.02). The ASCT and chidamide maintenance groups had significant survival advantages over the observation group. In the post-remission stage of the untreated PTCL patients, single-agent chidamide maintenance demonstrated superior PFS and better OS than observation. Our findings highlight the potential benefit of chidamide in this patient subset, warranting further investigation through larger prospective trials. Clinical trial registration: clinicaltrial.gov, NCT02987244. Registered 8 December 2016, http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02987244 .

Possible potential spread of Anopheles stephensi, the Asian malaria vector.

BACKGROUND: Anopheles stephensi is native to Southeast Asia and the Arabian Peninsula and has emerged as an effective and invasive malaria vector. Since invasion was reported in Djibouti in 2012, the global invasion range of An. stephensi has been expanding, and its high adaptability to the environment and the ongoing development of drug resistance have created new challenges for malaria control. Climate change is an important factor affecting the distribution and transfer of species, and understanding the distribution of An. stephensi is an important part of malaria control measures, including vector control. METHODS: In this study, we collected existing distribution data for An. stephensi, and based on the SSP1-2.6 future climate data, we used the Biomod2 package in R Studio through the use of multiple different model methods such as maximum entropy models (MAXENT) and random forest (RF) in this study to map the predicted global An. stephensi climatically suitable areas. RESULTS: According to the predictions of this study, some areas where there are no current records of An. stephensi, showed significant areas of climatically suitable for An. stephensi. In addition, the global climatically suitability areas for An. stephensi are expanding with global climate change, with some areas changing from unsuitable to suitable, suggesting a greater risk of invasion of An. stephensi in these areas, with the attendant possibility of a resurgence of malaria, as has been the case in Djibouti. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence for the possible invasion and expansion of An. stephensi and serves as a reference for the optimization of targeted monitoring and control strategies for this malaria vector in potential invasion risk areas.

Causal relationships between vitamin E and multiple kidney diseases: evidence from trans-ethnic Mendelian randomization study.

PURPOSE: The association between vitamin E and the risk of kidney disease is well documented in observational studies, but the role of vitamin E in kidney disease remain inconclusive. Here, we evaluated the causal effect of vitamin E on the risk of multiple kidney diseases, including chronic kidney disease, membranous nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, and dialysis. METHODS: We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis from large-scale trans-ancestry genome-wide association studies to determine whether there was a significant causal relationship between vitamin E and multiple kidney diseases in European, American, and Asian ancestry. Instrumental genetic variants associated with vitamin E were selected, and summary statistic-based methods of inverse variance weighted, MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods were conducted. Pleiotropy and sensitivity were assessed. RESULTS: We obtained 87 instrumental genetic variants in European ancestry and found no causal relationship between vitamin E and chronic kidney disease, membranous nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, and dialysis with no heterogeneity and pleiotropy. We obtained 18 instrumental genetic variants in Asian ancestry and vitamin E had no causal relationship with membranous nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy, and IgA nephropathy with no heterogeneity and pleiotropy. In African ancestry, 25 instrumental genetic variants were obtained and no causal relationship was identified with no heterogeneity and pleiotropy. CONCLUSION: Our study first suggested plausible non-causal associations between vitamin E and multiple kidney diseases among different ancestry.

Contribution of individual and cumulative social determinants of health underlying gender disparities in periodontitis in a representative US population: A cross-sectional NHANES study.

AIM: To examine the impact of both individual and cumulative social determinants of health (SDoH) on the likelihood of developing periodontitis, while also exploring any gender disparities in this relationship. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data of self-reported SDoH domains and sub-items based on Healthy People 2030 were obtained from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys between 1999 and 2014. Logistic regression models, weighted by survey responses, were used to examine the relationship between SDoH (including eight sub-items and the cumulative number of unfavourable SDoH) and periodontitis. The results were further analysed by gender. RESULTS: A total of 18,075 participants (8867 males and 9208 females) were included in the main analysis, of which 5814 (32.2%) had periodontitis. The study found that certain unfavourable SDoH were individually associated with higher odds of periodontitis, and the cumulative number of unfavourable SDoH was positively linked to the odds of developing periodontitis. Furthermore, males exposed to more unfavourable SDoH appeared to be more susceptible to developing periodontitis than females. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that unfavourable SDoH, especially when they accumulate, are associated with an increased odds of periodontitis and contribute to gender disparities within the U.S.

Outdoor gardening activity with different frequency and duration may be associated with reduction of total and cause-specific mortality risk for general U.S. adults: Findings from the NHANES.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Engaging in recommended levels of physical activity (PA) is associated with reduced overall and cause-specific mortality rates. Our study aims to examine the relationship between gardening-specific PA and all-cause and cause-specific mortality based on representative U.S. adults. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 13,812 adults representing 663.5 million non-institutionalized U.S. adults were included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Self-reported gardening activity (GA) was assessed by a validated questionnaire, and outcomes of interest were all-cause mortality and mortality specific to certain causes. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using survey-multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. During a median follow-up period of 16.8 years (Interquartile range = 14.8-18.7), there were 3,476 deaths. After adjusting for potential covariates, we found that participants exposed to GA were more likely to have a lower risk of total mortality [HR (95% CI): 0.76 (0.68, 0.85), P-value < 0.001], cancer-specific mortality [HR (95% CI): 0.81 (0.67, 0.99), P-value < 0.05], cardiovascular disease mortality [HR (95% CI): 0.65 (0.53, 0.80), P-value < 0.001], and respiratory disease mortality [HR (95% CI): 0.66 (0.45, 0.98), P-value < 0.05], compared to those without GA exposure. Furthermore, engaging in GA more frequently and for longer durations was significantly associated with a lower total mortality risk. CONCLUSION: Our study provides evidence that engaging in GA is associated with a decreased risk of overall and cause-specific mortality. However, further longitudinal or interventional studies are needed to investigate the potential benefits of GA.

Pulmonary artery dissection secondary to ventricular septal defect and pulmonary valve stenosis.

The aortic short axis view demonstrated the widening of the pulmonary artery and the membrane-like echo in the pulmonary artery divided it into true lumen and false lumen. And the flow of the ruptured openings on the band-like echo was clearly revealed by Color Doppler.

Imaging of pulmonary artery sling: Prenatal and postnatal imaging findings.

During the fetal period, the pulmonary artery bifurcation revealed the absence of the left pulmonary artery. Instead, an anomalous artery originated from the right pulmonary artery, coursing posteriorly the trachea to the left lung. The diagnosis of PAS was established following prenatal ultrasound screening, which was subsequently confirmed by postnatal echocardiography and CT after delivery.

Reverse Separation of Carbon Dioxide and Acetylene in Two Isostructural Copper Pyridine-Carboxylate Frameworks.

Separating acetylene from carbon dioxide is important but highly challenging due to their similar molecular shapes and physical properties. Adsorptive separation of carbon dioxide from acetylene can directly produce pure acetylene but is hardly realized because of relatively polarizable acetylene binds more strongly. Here, we reverse the CO2 and C2H2 separation by adjusting the pore structures in two isoreticular ultramicroporous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Under ambient conditions, copper isonicotinate (Cu(ina)2), with relatively large pore channels shows C2H2-selective adsorption with a C2H2/CO2 selectivity of 3.4, whereas its smaller-pore analogue, copper quinoline-5-carboxylate (Cu(Qc)2) shows an inverse CO2/C2H2 selectivity of 5.6. Cu(Qc)2 shows compact pore space that well matches the optimal orientation of CO2 but is not compatible for C2H2. Neutron powder diffraction experiments confirmed that CO2 molecules adopt preferential orientation along the pore channels during adsorption binding, whereas C2H2 molecules bind in an opposite fashion with distorted configurations due to their opposite quadrupole moments. Dynamic breakthrough experiments have validated the separation performance of Cu(Qc)2 for CO2/C2H2 separation.

Observation of Interpenetrated Topology Isomerism for Covalent Organic Frameworks with Atom-Resolution Single Crystal Structures.

Rational control and understanding of isomerism are of significance but still remain a great challenge in reticular frameworks, in particular, for covalent organic frameworks (COFs) due to the complicated synthesis and energy factors. Herein, reaction of 3,3',5,5'-tetra(4-formylphenyl)-2,2',6,6'-tetramethoxy-1,1'-biphenyl (TFTB) with 3,3',5,5'-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)bimesityl (TAPB) under different reaction conditions affords single crystals of two 3D COF isomers, namely, USTB-20-dia and USTB-20-qtz. Their structures with resolutions up to 0.9-1.1 Å have been directly solved by three-dimensional electron diffraction (3D ED) and synchrotron single crystal X-ray diffraction, respectively. USTB-20-dia and USTB-20-qtz show rare 2 × 2-fold interpenetrated dia-b nets and 3-fold interpenetrated qtz-b frameworks. Comparative studies of the crystal structures of these COFs and theoretical simulation results indicate the crucial role of the flexible molecular configurations of building blocks in the present interpenetrated topology isomerism. This work not only presents the rare COF isomers but also gains an understanding of the formation of framework isomerism from both single crystal structures and theoretical simulation perspectives.

Polarization-Sensitive Asymmetric Scattering at the Single-Particle Scale via Surface Plasmon Resonance Microscopy.

Surface plasmon resonance microscopy (SPRM), based on the scattering of single molecules at the interface, is a highly efficient analytical platform widely used in the fields of biology and chemistry. Due to the interference scattering, the imaging pattern exhibits typical parabolic tail and phase transition features, providing a quantitative means of observing the changes in the physical and chemical properties of single molecules. In this work, we reported another unique asymmetric parabolic distribution pattern resulting from polarization conversion in the experiment based on SPRM. This microscopic-level feature is derived from the switching between SPR resonant and nonresonant states. Starting from energy flux theory, we constructed an analysis model and conducted full-wave numerical simulations to verify the experimental results. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the optical rotation induced by chiral thin films can be directly measured through imaging with asymmetric features, providing valuable insights into the field of chiral materials. The quantitative interpretation of asymmetric scattering not only advances the fundamental understanding of the imaging mechanism of SPRM, but also opens up possibilities for utilizing this polarization-sensitive characteristic for single-particle detection and sensing in the future.

Findings of indoor air pollution and childhood obesity in a cross-sectional study of Chinese schoolchildren.

BACKGROUND: Air pollution exposures are increasingly suspected to influence the development of childhood adiposity, especially focusing on outdoor exposure, but few studies investigated indoor exposure and childhood obesity. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to examine the association between exposure to multiple indoor air pollutants and childhood obesity in Chinese schoolchildren. METHODS: In 2019, we recruited 6499 children aged 6-12 years from five Chinese elementary schools in Guangzhou, China. We measured age-sex-specific body mass index z score (z-BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) on standard procedures. Four different indoor air pollution (IAP) exposures, including cooking oil fumes (COFs), home decoration, secondhand smoke (SHS), and incense burning, were collected by questionnaire and then converted into an IAP exposure index with four categories. Association between indoor air pollutants and childhood overweight/obesity as well as four obese anthropometric indices were assessed by logistic regression models and multivariable linear regression models, respectively. RESULTS: Children exposed to ≥3 types of indoor air pollutants had higher z-BMI (coefficient [ß]:0.142, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.011-0.274) and higher risk of overweight/obesity (odd ratio [OR]:1.27, 95%CI:1.01-1.60). And a dose-response relationship was discovered between the IAP exposure index and z-BMI as well as overweight/obesity (pfor trend<0.05). We also found that exposure to SHS and COFs was positively associated with z-BMI and overweight/obesity (p < 0.05). Moreover, there was a significant interaction between SHS exposure and COFs on the higher risk of overweight/obesity among schoolchildren. Boys appear more susceptible to multiple indoor air pollutants than girls. CONCLUSIONS: Indoor air pollution exposures were positively associated with higher obese anthropometric indices and increased odds of overweight/obesity in Chinese schoolchildren. More well-designed cohort studies are needed to verify our results.

Albumin therapy for hepatic encephalopathy: current evidence and controversies.

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common complication that occurs in 16-21% of end-stage cirrhosis patients. Emerging evidence suggests that systemic inflammation and oxidative stress may play a role in the development of HE. Recent understanding on the anti-inflammatory properties of human albumin has led to growing interest of using human albumin for the treatment and prevention of HE among decompensated patients. In this review, we aim to discuss the current evidence and controversies of using human albumin for the treatment and prevention of HE in advanced cirrhosis patients.

Inhibition of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel attenuates cerebral ischemia reperfusion-induced impairment of learning and memory by regulating apoptotic pathway.

Stroke is the second leading cause of death globally. Cognitive dysfunction is a common complication of stroke, which seriously affects the patient's quality of life. Previous studies have shown that the expression of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation (HCN) channel is closely related to ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and subsequent cognitive impairment. We also found that ZD7288, a specific inhibitor of the HCN channel, attenuated IR injury during short-term reperfusion. Since apoptosis can induce cell necrosis and aggravate cognitive impairment after IR, the purpose of this study is to define whether ZD7288 could improve cognitive impairment after prolonged cerebral reperfusion in rats by regulating apoptotic pathways. Our data indicated that ZD7288 can ameliorate spatial cognitive behavior and synaptic plasticity, protect the morphology of hippocampal neurons, and alleviate hippocampal apoptotic cells in IR rats. This effect may be related to down-regulating the expressions of pro-apoptotic proteins such as AIF, p53, Bax, and Caspase-3, and increasing the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax. Taken together, it suggested that inhibition of the HCN channel improves cognitive impairment after IR correlated with its regulation of apoptotic pathways.

Effects of Ramadan fasting on fetal health: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Ramadan fasting (RF) is mandatory for all healthy Muslims in the ninth month of the Islamic calendar. Although pregnant women are exempt from fasting, many make the decision to practise it. Concerns that fasting during pregnancy harms the fetus remain, as there are no firm recommendations regarding its safety. OBJECTIVES: To provide a systematic review on the effects of RF on fetal health. SEARCH STRATEGY: We conducted a literature search for peer-reviewed articles through Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) until 31 December 2021. SELECTION CRITERIA: All case-control and observational cohort studies that reported on fetal outcomes of pregnant women who underwent RF for at least one day during pregnancy are included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two researchers independently reviewed the eligibility of all studies. A third researcher resolved any conflict between researchers. Findings are extracted from eligible papers and presented as narratives. MAIN RESULTS: Fourteen articles are included based on eligibility criteria, with a total sample size of 2889. Studies demonstrate negative associations between RF and neonatal weight, amniotic fluid index, preterm birth and growth parameters mainly during the second and third trimesters. However, the evidence is not strongly supported. CONCLUSION: There is limited data to elucidate the relationship between RF and fetal health, hence the need for more studies to provide a better understanding.

Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of fetal isolated left innominate vein under the aortic arch: A case report.

Abnormalities of the left innominate vein beneath the aortic arch are exceedingly rare. While they may not exhibit overt clinical symptoms, misdiagnosis, or failure to diagnose can significantly complicate and increase the risk associated with cardiac interventional procedures.