Meal preparation and consumption before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: The relationship with cooking skills of Brazilian university students.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze meal preparation and the place of its consumption by university students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, according to their individual characteristics and cooking skills. METHODS: Data were collected with 1919 Brazilian university students using the Brazilian Cooking Skills Questionnaire (BCSQ) and questions about gender, living arrangement, knowing how to cook and location of meal consumption. Bayesian multilevel ordinal regression models were used to estimate the probabilities of meal preparation and local location of its consumption by Brazilian university students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, according to their individual characteristics and cooking skills. RESULTS: Most of participants showed reported a high level of cooking skills (70.7%). Also, they reported a decrease in ordering delivery of take-away food and eating fast-food, while increasing homemade meals with fresh ingredients, ultra-processed food or both during the pandemic compared to the period before the quarantine. Lastly, they increased their cooking frequency during the pandemic, regardless of their cooking skills level. However, the group with high cooking skills had a greater increase in the use of fresh ingredients. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that the pandemic was an opportunity for university students to increase their cooking skills and frequency of cooking at home with a variety of foods. Particular attention should be given to those with low cooking skills and that use ultra-processed foods, promoting interventions to disseminate information and with behavior change components to teach about healthy cooking to increase cooking knowledge and skills, focusing on preparation of fresh ingredients.

Positive impact of a cooking skills intervention among Brazilian university students: Six months follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the Nutrition and Culinary in the Kitchen (NCK) Program to evaluate the improvement of cooking skills and healthy eating of university students. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial with six months follow-up was used incorporating an intervention group (IG) and a control group (CG). The IG participated in the NCK program over a six-week period, three hours weekly, based on five hands-on cooking classes and one food market visit, while CG continued their usual activities. Outcome measures included changes in relation to a) accessibility and availability of fruits and vegetables (AAFV); b) cooking attitudes (CA); c) cooking behaviors at home (CBH); d) cooking behaviors away from home (CBAH) e) produce consumption self-efficacy (SEPC); f) self-efficacy for using cooking techniques (SECT); g) self-efficacy for using fruits, vegetables, and seasonings (while cooking) (SEFVS); and h) knowledge of cooking terms and techniques (CTT). An online self-completed validated survey was answered, at three time points: baseline (T1), after intervention (T2) and six months after intervention (T3). Statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate changes in outcomes within and between groups over time. RESULTS: 76 students completed the online questionnaire at the 3 time points. Findings revealed a statistically significant increase (p < 0.05) in all outcomes evaluated in the IG, except for CBH and CBAH. This effect was sustained at T3 (p < 0.001). Results were similar to the adjusted model (p < 0.001), thus, indicating that IG changes, when compared to CG, were due to the intervention effect. CONCLUSION: NCK culinary intervention program demonstrated efficacy for the increased on AAFV, CA, SEPC, SECT, SEFVS and CTT with university students.

Nutrition and Culinary in the Kitchen Program: a randomized controlled intervention to promote cooking skills and healthy eating in university students - study protocol.

BACKGROUND: Community-based intervention studies that aim at developing cooking skills have increased in the scientific literature and are related to healthier food practices. However, methodological limitations are observed and only a few studies have university students as the target. The university entrance period has been related to negative changes in eating habits among young people and it represents an important period for developing interventions for health promotion. This study describes the study protocol and the evaluation framework for the Nutrition and Culinary in the Kitchen program. This program aims to develop cooking skills in university students, and is based on the Cooking with a Chef program in the United States. METHODS: This ongoing, randomized controlled intervention was designed with a six month follow-up study. The intervention consisted of three-hour weekly classes during a six week period with printed materials provided. Five of the classes were hands-on cooking and one was a tour to a popular food market. There were eight primary outcome measures: changes in relation to i) accessibility and availability of fruits and vegetables; ii) cooking attitudes; iii) cooking behaviors at home; iv) cooking behaviors away from home; v) produce consumption self-efficacy; vi) self-efficacy for using basic cooking techniques; vii) self-efficacy for using fruits, vegetables, and seasonings (while cooking); and viii) knowledge of cooking terms and techniques. Secondary outcomes included changes in body mass index and in personal characteristics related to cooking. Repeated measures were collected through the application of an online self-completed survey, at baseline, after intervention and six months after intervention. A sample of 80 university students (40: intervention group; 40: control group) was estimated to detect a mean change of 1.5 points in cooking knowledge, with study power of 80%, and 95% level of confidence, plus 20% for random losses and 10% for confounding factors. The control group participants have continued with their usual activities. Data analyses will evaluate the intervention effect on changes in outcomes within and between groups, as well as explore relations with personal characteristics. DISCUSSION: This method provides new evidence about whether or not a culinary intervention targeting university students has an impact on the improvement of cooking skills and healthy eating practices. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry - RBR-8nwxh5 ( http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-8nwxh5/ ).

Food consumption scale validation in VAMOS Program: a proposal to assess eating behavior changes in Brazil.

This study aimed to validate the frequency consumption scale (FCS) and establish cut-off points to assess changes in the eating behavior of participants in the VAMOS Program. The study was based on a community intervention conducted in 2019 in 70 Brazilian cities, with 458 adults from Primary Care. The questionnaire consisted of 12 questions about food frequency consumption. The questions were inserted into the analytical workflow, divided into the descriptive analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA), item response theory (IRT) modeling, and construction and validity of an applied questionnaire score. EFA indicated a two-factor structure, with three "healthy" (raw vegetables, fruits, and cooked vegetables) and three "unhealthy" (sugary drinks, sweets, and the replacement of meals with snacks) eating items. Items responses' probabilities indicate a daily consumption of two healthy and once or nonweekly consumption of unhealthy items. Finally, the four categories proposed for FCS can respond over time. Therefore, the FCS proposal can be used effectively for program nutrition evaluation. Furthermore, it is possible to attribute behavior change in Brazilian primary care users with six items.

Low Cooking Skills Are Associated with Overweight and Obesity in Undergraduates.

Culinary skills are defined as the confidence, attitude, and the application of one's individual knowledge in performing culinary tasks, and their development may be associated with better diet quality and better health status. This study aimed to analyze the association between cooking skills, overweight, and obesity in undergraduates. This is a descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional study, with data collected between October 2020 and March 2021, with undergraduate students (n = 823) at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. Participants answered the online Brazilian Cooking Skills and Healthy Eating Questionnaire Evaluation, BCSQ, which included socioeconomic information. Logistic regressions were used to assess the associations of cooking skills with overweight and obesity. From the total of the students, 70.8% were female, with a median age of 23 (21-30) years; 43.6% were with overweight or obesity; 48.8% were eutrophic; and 7.7% underweight. Overweight and obesity were significantly associated with low levels of culinary self-efficacy and self-efficacy in the use of fruits, vegetables, and seasonings in the bivariate analysis. The logistic regressions showed that living with other people and eating out were associated with higher chances of overweight and obesity. Sharing the responsibility for preparing meals and a high self-efficacy in the use of fruits, vegetables, and seasonings were associated with lower chances for overweight/obesity. Overall, our study showed that overweight and obesity were associated with lower cooking skills in the studied undergraduates. Therefore, the study demonstrates that culinary skills can be explored in educational programs that aim to reduce overweight/obesity in students.

Brazilian Cooking Skills Questionnaire evaluation of using/cooking and consumption of fruits and vegetables.

OBJECTIVE: Young adults are often faced with barriers to cooking their own food. These barriers are associated with poor diet. The aim of this study was to explore the factor structure of the Brazilian Cooking Skills and Healthy Eating Questionnaire (BCSQ) to identify the barriers to cooking, use, and consumption of fruits and vegetables by young adults. METHODS: Data were collected from a baseline study with Brazilian university students (N = 767). Forty-eight items from the BCSQ (composed of the following scales: Cooking Attitude, Cooking Behavior, Produce Consumption Self-Efficacy, Cooking Self-Efficacy, Self-Efficacy in Using Cooking Techniques, and Self-Efficacy in Using Fruits, Vegetables, and Seasonings) were submitted to exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (ten fit indexes), and internal consistency reliability evaluation. Multilevel linear regression models were used to analyze variations on the BCSQ dimensions by sex, living arrangements, knowledge of how to cook, location of main meal, and time available for cooking. RESULTS: The 20-item BCSQ showed good fit indexes. The items based on negative cooking attitudes, frequency of using leftovers, and self-efficacy related to cooking from scratch, using and eating fruits and vegetables were adequate for the evaluation of cooking skills. These items represent and reflect the health dimensions applied to this research. The self-efficacy in using cooking techniques, which was not validated in previous study scale, was excluded due to its dimension. CONCLUSIONS: These results enabled us to shorten the BCSQ, which can be used to evaluate the barriers to cooking among young adults, as well as measuring their healthy eating practices, supporting future research and programs.

How was the cooking skills and healthy eating evaluation questionnaire culturally adapted to Brazil?

The study described the cross-cultural adaptation process of the American Cooking Skills and Healthy Eating questionnaire to Brazil. Six stages were followed: Translation; Synthesis of translations; Back-translations; Expert Committee; Synthesis of final version; and the Pretest (self-administered online questionnaire in a Brazilian University). Participants responded to the translated questionnaire twice for test-retest. Conceptual, item, semantic, operational and measurement equivalences were evaluated between original and translated questionnaires, as well as the internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Item, conceptual, semantic equivalences between original and Brazilian questionnaires were reached before the Expert Committee stage. Specific cooking techniques and terms were adapted. Forty-eight students answered the questionnaire in the pre-test stage, achieving the operational and measurement equivalences with kappa's agreement from moderate to substantial, and satisfactory to excellent correlations between measures. Only two measures showed low internal consistency. The combination of stages and equivalences approaches used in this cross cultural adaptation study provided lessons for further Nutrition's researches, disclosing the complexity of cooking skills concepts.

Food consumption scale validation in VAMOS Program: a proposal to assess eating behavior changes in Brazil / Validação da escala de consumo alimentar no Programa VAMOS: uma proposta para avaliar as mudanças no comportamento alimentar no Brasil

Abstract This study aimed to validate the frequency consumption scale (FCS) and establish cut-off points to assess changes in the eating behavior of participants in the VAMOS Program. The study was based on a community intervention conducted in 2019 in 70 Brazilian cities, with 458 adults from Primary Care. The questionnaire consisted of 12 questions about food frequency consumption. The questions were inserted into the analytical workflow, divided into the descriptive analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA), item response theory (IRT) modeling, and construction and validity of an applied questionnaire score. EFA indicated a two-factor structure, with three "healthy" (raw vegetables, fruits, and cooked vegetables) and three "unhealthy" (sugary drinks, sweets, and the replacement of meals with snacks) eating items. Items responses' probabilities indicate a daily consumption of two healthy and once or nonweekly consumption of unhealthy items. Finally, the four categories proposed for FCS can respond over time. Therefore, the FCS proposal can be used effectively for program nutrition evaluation. Furthermore, it is possible to attribute behavior change in Brazilian primary care users with six items.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo validar a escala de consumo de frequência (ECF) e estabelecer pontos de corte para avaliar mudanças no comportamento alimentar dos participantes do Programa VAMOS. O estudo baseou-se em uma intervenção comunitária realizada em 2019 em 70 cidades brasileiras, com 458 adultos da Atenção Básica. O questionário era composto por 12 questões sobre o consumo de frequência alimentar. As questões foram inseridas no fluxo de trabalho analítico, divididas em análise descritiva, análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória (EFA), modelagem da teoria de resposta ao item (TRI) e construção e validade de um escore de questionário aplicado. EFA indicou uma estrutura de dois fatores, com três itens alimentares "saudáveis" (vegetais crus, frutas e vegetais cozidos) e três "não saudáveis" (bebidas açucaradas, doces e a substituição de refeições por lanches). As probabilidades das respostas dos itens indicam um consumo diário de dois itens saudáveis e um consumo único ou não semanal de itens não saudáveis. Por fim, as quatro categorias propostas para o ECF podem fornecer respostas ao longo do tempo. A proposta do ECF pode ser usada efetivamente para avaliação nutricional do programa. Além disso, é possível atribuir a mudança de comportamento em usuários da atenção básica brasileira com seis itens.

How was the cooking skills and healthy eating evaluation questionnaire culturally adapted to Brazil? / Como o questionário de avaliação das habilidades culinárias e alimentação saudável foi adaptado transculturalmente ao Brasil?

Abstract The study described the cross-cultural adaptation process of the American Cooking Skills and Healthy Eating questionnaire to Brazil. Six stages were followed: Translation; Synthesis of translations; Back-translations; Expert Committee; Synthesis of final version; and the Pretest (self-administered online questionnaire in a Brazilian University). Participants responded to the translated questionnaire twice for test-retest. Conceptual, item, semantic, operational and measurement equivalences were evaluated between original and translated questionnaires, as well as the internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Item, conceptual, semantic equivalences between original and Brazilian questionnaires were reached before the Expert Committee stage. Specific cooking techniques and terms were adapted. Forty-eight students answered the questionnaire in the pre-test stage, achieving the operational and measurement equivalences with kappa's agreement from moderate to substantial, and satisfactory to excellent correlations between measures. Only two measures showed low internal consistency. The combination of stages and equivalences approaches used in this cross cultural adaptation study provided lessons for further Nutrition's researches, disclosing the complexity of cooking skills concepts.

Resumo O estudo descreveu o processo de adaptação transcultural do questionário estadunidense de avaliação das habilidades culinárias e alimentação saudável para o Brasil. Seis estágios foram conduzidos: Tradução; Síntese da tradução; Retrotradução; Comitê de Juízes; Síntese da versão final; e Pré-teste (preenchimento do questionário online). Participantes responderam duas vezes ao questionário traduzido. Equivalências conceitual, do item, semântica, operacional e de mensuração foram avaliadas entre os questionários original e traduzido, bem como a consistência interna e a confiabilidade teste-reteste. Alcançaram-se as equivalências do item, conceitual e semântica entre as versões antes do Comitê de Juízes. Técnicas e termos culinários específicos foram adaptados. Quarenta e oito estudantes responderam o questionário no pré-teste, alcançando equivalências operacional e de mensuração, concordância kappa moderada a substancial, e correlações entre as medidas satisfatórias a excelentes. Duas escalas apresentaram baixa consistência interna. A combinação das abordagens dos estágios e equivalências usadas na adaptação transcultural do questionário proveu lições para futuras pesquisas em Nutrição, revelando a complexidade dos conceitos de habilidades culinárias.

Development of culinary recipes in an intervention program with Brazilian university students / Desenvolvimento de receitas culinárias em programa de intervenção com universitários brasileiros

ABSTRACT Objective Develop and test recipes for a cooking skills intervention program aimed at students of a Brazilian university. Methods Culinary recipes were selected for the Nutrition and Culinary in the Kitchen program, which offers cooking classes for participants to practice and develop their cooking skills. The Nutrition and Culinary in the Kitchen program is based on the Cooking with a Chef program of the United States of America. A literature search was conducted to establish criteria for the selection and development of recipes. A decision tree was constructed to determine if Cooking With a Chef recipes were appropriate for the Nutrition and Culinary in the Kitchen program. Recipes were evaluated in the laboratory by untrained university students using an acceptance test that comprised the analysis of sensorial attributes and healthiness criteria. Results Of the 32 developed recipes, nine were based on the Cooking With a Chef program. Recipes were adapted to increase the use of fresh fruits, whole grains, and vegetables; eliminate ultra-processed foods; and take into account local food habits and seasonality of ingredients. In the first test, 53.3% (n=16) of the dishes received an acceptance score of less than 70.0% mainly because of unsatisfactory taste. Culinary recipes considered inadequate were redesigned in terms of ingredients and/or cooking methods and were retested until achieving a score of 100.0%. Conclusion Culinary recipes adapted to the Brazilian food culture and the target audience with the use of healthy ingredients and cooking techniques were considered appropriate for the Nutrition and Culinary in the Kitchen cooking skills intervention program and might increase participants' adherence to healthy eating habits.

RESUMO Objetivo Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo desenvolver e testar receitas culinárias para serem aplicadas em programa de intervenção sobre habilidades culinárias, com estudantes universitários brasileiros. Métodos Selecionaram-se receitas culinárias para o Programa de Intervenção Nutrição e Culinária na Cozinha, que objetiva realizar oficinas culinárias e praticar habilidades culinárias, com base no programa estadunidense Cooking With a Chef. Foi realizada busca na literatura para definição de critérios para seleção e desenvolvimento das receitas culinárias. Elaborou-se árvore decisória para verificar a possibilidade de utilizar as receitas do programa norte-americano. As receitas culinárias foram testadas em laboratório por estudantes universitários não treinados, quando foi feito o teste de aceitação adaptado incluindo atributos sensoriais e de critérios para considerar uma receita culinária saudável. Resultados Das 32 preparações selecionadas, adaptadas e testadas, nove eram originais do programa Cooking With a Chef. As principais adaptações foram o uso de frutas in natura, cereais integrais e leguminosas, bem como a eliminação de alimentos ultraprocessados e a adequação aos hábitos alimentares locais e à sazonalidade dos ingredientes. No primeiro teste, 53,3% (n=16) das preparações culinárias obtiveram percentual de adequação abaixo de 70,0%, principalmente devido ao sabor. As preparações consideradas inadequadas tiveram alterações nos ingredientes ou no modo de preparo, sendo testadas até atingirem 100,0% de adequação. Conclusão As receitas culinárias adaptadas de acordo com a cultura brasileira e o público-alvo, inserindo-se ingredientes e técnicas de preparo mais saudáveis, foram consideradas adequadas ao programa proposto e podem contribuir para a adesão ao programa de intervenções que visa o desenvolvimento de hábitos alimentares mais saudáveis.

The concept of cooking skills: A review with contributions to the scientific debate / O conceito de habilidades culinárias. uma revisão com contribuições ao debate científico

ABSTRACT This paper aimed to conduct a literature review about the concept of cooking skills to contribute to the scientific debate about the subject. A systematic search was performed in the Scopus, PubMed/MedLine and Web of Science databases as well as the periodicals of the Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education in Brazil Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior website, using the following Portuguese and English keywords: cooking skills, cooking and food/meal preparation. We also consulted references cited by these papers, electronic dictionaries (in Portuguese, English and French), technical documents found on public and private institutional websites, as well as books. Basic, etymological/vernacular and systematic definitions for cooking were identified, including historical global and national contexts. To conceptualize cooking skills, categories related to food and individuals were established, purposing a conceptual model. The category related to food referred to the use of unprocessed/minimal processed foods (which require procedures prior to their preparation), and/or processed/ultra-processed foods (which need a little or no preparation, such as re-heating). The category related to individuals involved dimensions such as confidence, attitudes, behavior, and individual knowledge used to prepare foods. The historical definitions of cooking allowed us to clarify the concept of cooking skills. Considering the global context of valuing and recovering cooking for the promotion of healthy eating, this review can contribute to the scientific discussion about the concept of cooking skills. The purposed conceptual model enables parameters to be established for further investigations, allowing cooking interventions to be directed toward promoting healthy eating.

RESUMO O objetivo do artigo foi realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre o conceito de habilidades culinárias, a fim de contribuir para o debate científico sobre o tema. Foi realizada busca sistemática de artigos nas bases de dados Scopus, PubMed/MedLine, Web of Science e portal de periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal do Ensino Superior, utilizando os seguintes descritores em português e inglês: habilidades culinárias, culinária, preparo dos alimentos/das refeições. Consultaram-se ainda referências citadas por esses artigos, dicionários eletrônicos (nos idiomas português, inglês e francês), documentos técnicos capturados em sites institucionais públicos ou privados, bem como livros. Identificaram-se definições para culinária denominadas como básicas, etimológicas/vernáculas e sistemáticas, incluindo um resgate histórico da culinária no contexto mundial e no Brasil. Para conceituar habilidades culinárias, foram estabelecidas categorias relacionadas aos alimentos e aos indivíduos, propondo-se um modelo conceitual. A categoria relacionada aos alimentos refere-se ao uso de alimentos in natura/minimamente processados (que requerem procedimentos prévios ao seu preparo), e/ou processados/ultraprocessados (que requerem pouco ou nenhum preparo, como reaquecimento). A categoria relacionada aos indivíduos envolveu dimensões como confiança, atitude, comportamento e conhecimentos individuais empregados para preparar os alimentos. As definições históricas de culinária permitiram elucidar o conceito de habilidades culinárias. Considerando o contexto mundial de valorização e resgate da culinária na promoção da alimentação saudável, essa revisão pode contribuir para o debate científico em torno do conceito de habilidades culinárias. O modelo conceitual proposto possibilita estabelecer parâmetros para avaliação em futuras investigações, permitindo direcionar intervenções culinárias para promoção da alimentação saudável.

Food intake of university students / Consumo alimentar de estudantes universitários

ABSTRACT This narrative literature review aimed to analyze the results of studies on the food intake of university students. A literature search was conducted in July 2014 and updated in July 2016 in the Scopus, MedLine/PubMed, and SciELO databases, using descriptors related to university students and food intake in English and Portuguese. Overall, 37 studies that analyzed university students' food intake were included in this review, eight of which were conducted in Brazil. The results demonstrated that most university students have unhealthy eating behaviors, such as high intake of fast foods, snacks, sweets, soft drinks, and alcoholic beverages, and low intake of fruits, vegetables, fish, whole grains, and legumes. Undergraduate students of health sciences, such as nursing, nutrition, and medicine, did not have healthier diets. University students' food intake was characterized as unhealthy, regardless of undergraduate program or sex, especially among students who left the parents' home and became responsible for their own food. Therefore, there is a need of developing public policies that promote healthy eating habits among students, such as interventions to change their eating habits and increase their access to healthy foods at the university environment.

RESUMO O estudo teve o objetivo de realizar revisão narrativa de literatura para analisar os resultados de estudos sobre o consumo alimentar de estudantes universitários. Realizou-se busca bibliográfica, em julho de 2014, atualizada em julho de 2016, nas bases de dados Scopus, MedLine/PubMed e SciELO, utilizando unitermos relacionados a estudantes universitários e a consumo alimentar, em língua inglesa e portuguesa. No total, 37 artigos sobre o consumo alimentar de universitários foram analisados e discutidos nesta revisão. Dentre os estudos incluídos, 8 foram realizados no Brasil. Os resultados dos estudos demonstram que a maioria dos estudantes universitários apresenta comportamentos alimentares pouco saudáveis, como o elevado consumo de fast food, snacks, doces, refrigerantes e bebidas alcoólicas, bem como baixo consumo de frutas, legumes, verduras, peixes, cereais integrais e leguminosas. Cursar graduação na área da saúde, como enfermagem, nutrição e medicina não foi indicativo de ter uma alimentação mais saudável. O consumo alimentar de estudantes universitários foi caracterizado como pouco saudável, independentemente de curso de graduação e sexo, destacando-se aqueles estudantes que saíram da casa dos pais e passaram a ser responsáveis pela própria alimentação. Sugere-se a elaboração de políticas públicas que estimulem a promoção da alimentação saudável dos estudantes, a exemplo de intervenções para mudanças nas práticas alimentares e para aumento do acesso a alimentos saudáveis no ambiente universitário.

Determinantes de escolha alimentar: [revisão] / Food choice factors: [review]

A escolha alimentar humana está baseada, por um lado, na condição onívora do homem, isto é, apresentar a capacidade de comer de tudo e, por outro lado, por diversos outros fatores que irão influenciar o indivíduo nessa decisão. Buscando discutir esses determinantes, realizou-se uma revisão da literatura científica sobre a questão. Foram identificados alguns estudos e reflexões sobre determinantes da escolha alimentar humana em diferentes contextos, além de livros que discutiam sobre o tema. Para viabilizar a discussão, incluiu-se uma reflexão inicial sobre a condição onívora do homem, seguindo-se os determinantes relacionados com os alimentos e aqueles relacionados com o comedor. Assim, identificaram-se variáveis relacionadas aos alimentos como o preço, o sabor, a variedade, o valor nutricional, a aparência e a higiene, por exemplo. Já as variáveis relacionadas ao próprio indivíduo foram divididas em determinantes biológicos, sócio-culturais e antropológicos, bem como econômicos e psicológicos. Para finalizar, discute-se sobre a interação desses determinantes em métodos qualitativos e quantitativos para avaliar a escolha alimentar humana. Destaca-se que o cruzamento de olhares interdisciplinar entre as Ciências Humanas e as Ciências Nutricionais pode auxiliar no aprofundar de conhecimentos sobre o comedor humano.

Human food choice is based, on the one hand, on the omnivorous condition of man, that is, to be able to eat everything, and on the other hand, by many other factors that will influence the individual in this decision. In an attempt to discuss these determinants, a scientific literature review was done on the issue. Some studies and reflections on determinants of human food choice in different contexts, besides books that discuss the theme were identified. In order to make the discussion viable, an initial reflection on the omnivorous condition of man was included, followed by determinants associated with foods and those associated with the eater. Thus, variables associated with foods such as price, flavor, variety, nutritional value, appearance and hygiene were identified. The variables associated with the individual were divided into biological, sociocultural and anthropologic determinants, as well as economic and psychological determinants. Finally, the interaction of these determinants is discusses in qualitative and quantitative methods to assess the human food choice. We point out that the sharing of interdisciplinary knowledge between the Human and Nutritional sciences can help to deepen the knowledge on the human eater.