RESUMEN
Brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs) are a chemoresistant population that can drive tumor growth and relapse, but the lack of BTSC-specific markers prevents selective targeting that spares resident stem cells. Through a ribosome-profiling analysis of mouse neural stem cells (NSCs) and BTSCs, we find glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (GPD1) expression specifically in BTSCs and not in NSCs. GPD1 expression is present in the dormant BTSC population, which is enriched at tumor borders and drives tumor relapse after chemotherapy. GPD1 inhibition prolongs survival in mouse models of glioblastoma in part through altering cellular metabolism and protein translation, compromising BTSC maintenance. Metabolomic and lipidomic analyses confirm that GPD1+ BTSCs have a profile distinct from that of NSCs, which is dependent on GPD1 expression. Similar GPD1 expression patterns and prognostic associations are observed in human gliomas. This study provides an attractive therapeutic target for treating brain tumors and new insights into mechanisms regulating BTSC dormancy.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Glioblastoma/metabolismo , Glioma/metabolismo , Glicerolfosfato Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Células Madre Neoplásicas/fisiología , Células-Madre Neurales/fisiología , Neuronas/fisiología , Animales , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patología , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Glioblastoma/patología , Glioma/patología , Glicerolfosfato Deshidrogenasa/genética , Humanos , Metaboloma , Ratones , Recurrencia , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
YAP1 fusion-positive supratentorial ependymomas predominantly occur in infants, but the molecular mechanisms of oncogenesis are unknown. Here we show YAP1-MAMLD1 fusions are sufficient to drive malignant transformation in mice, and the resulting tumors share histo-molecular characteristics of human ependymomas. Nuclear localization of YAP1-MAMLD1 protein is mediated by MAMLD1 and independent of YAP1-Ser127 phosphorylation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing analyses of human YAP1-MAMLD1-positive ependymoma reveal enrichment of NFI and TEAD transcription factor binding site motifs in YAP1-bound regulatory elements, suggesting a role for these transcription factors in YAP1-MAMLD1-driven tumorigenesis. Mutation of the TEAD binding site in the YAP1 fusion or repression of NFI targets prevents tumor induction in mice. Together, these results demonstrate that the YAP1-MAMLD1 fusion functions as an oncogenic driver of ependymoma through recruitment of TEADs and NFIs, indicating a rationale for preclinical studies to block the interaction between YAP1 fusions and NFI and TEAD transcription factors.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/metabolismo , Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Carcinogénesis/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Ependimoma/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción NFI/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/genética , Animales , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patología , Carcinogénesis/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/genética , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Ependimoma/genética , Ependimoma/patología , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Ratones , Factores de Transcripción NFI/genética , Células 3T3 NIH , Células-Madre Neurales/metabolismo , Células-Madre Neurales/patología , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Proteínas de Fusión Oncogénica/genética , Proteínas de Fusión Oncogénica/metabolismo , Fosfoproteínas/genética , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Proteínas Señalizadoras YAPRESUMEN
Mutations in chromatin modifier genes are frequently associated with neurodevelopmental diseases. We herein demonstrate that the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7 (Chd7), frequently associated with CHARGE syndrome, is indispensable for normal cerebellar development. Genetic inactivation of Chd7 in cerebellar granule neuron progenitors leads to cerebellar hypoplasia in mice, due to the impairment of granule neuron differentiation, induction of apoptosis and abnormal localization of Purkinje cells, which closely recapitulates known clinical features in the cerebella of CHARGE patients. Combinatory molecular analyses reveal that Chd7 is required for the maintenance of open chromatin and thus activation of genes essential for granule neuron differentiation. We further demonstrate that both Chd7 and Top2b are necessary for the transcription of a set of long neuronal genes in cerebellar granule neurons. Altogether, our comprehensive analyses reveal a mechanism with chromatin remodellers governing brain development via controlling a core transcriptional programme for cell-specific differentiation.