Analysis of wide color gamut of green/red bilayered freestanding phosphor film-capped white LEDs for LCD backlight.

In this study, we propose green/red bilayered freestanding phosphor film-capped white light-emitting diodes (W-LEDs) using InGaN blue LEDs and narrowband red and green phosphors to realize a wide color gamut in a liquid crystal display (LCD) backlight system. The narrowband K2SiF6:Mn4+ (KSF) red and SrGa2S4:Eu2+ (SGS) green phosphors are synthesized using a facile etching synthetic process and flux-aided solid state reaction under a H2S atmosphere, respectively, and the freestanding phosphor films are fabricated using a delamination method with water-soluble polymer, polystyrene sulfonic acid, PEDOT/PSS, and interlayered phosphor film. Various phosphor concentrations of green/red bilayered freestanding phosphor film-capped W-LEDs exhibit a correlated color temperature (CCT) and luminous efficacy range of 11,390 K ~6,540 K and 99 lm/W ~124 lm/W, respectively, with an applied current of 60 mA. The W-LED with green (12.5 wt%)/red (40 wt%) bilayered phosphor film, which exhibited luminous efficacy of 105 lm/W at the CCT of 8,330 K, is selected and the color gamut of the bare LED and phosphor RG and the filtered RGB triangle is calculated to be more than ~95% and ~86.4%, respectively, relative to the NTSC in the 1931 CIE color coordinates space.

Omission of axillary surgery in cN0, postmenopausal ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer patients undergoing breast-conserving treatment.

Background: Previous clinical trials have diminished the significance of lymph node (LN) metastasis and axillary surgery in breast cancer, particularly in cN0, postmenopausal estrogen receptor (ER)-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative patients undergoing breast-conserving treatment (BCT). We assessed the replacement of axillary surgery with preoperative imaging modalities by analyzing the proportion of high nodal burden (HNB) patients with ≥3 LN metastases in these patients. Methods: We retrospectively identified 333 cN0, postmenopausal ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer patients who underwent BCT in two hospitals between January 2003 and December 2017. The proportion of LN metastasis patients and the number of metastatic LN were investigated. Risk factors of LN metastasis were analyzed and recurrence-free survival (RFS) was compared. Results: Axillary surgery confirmed LN metastasis in 81 (24.3%) of the cN0 patients. The clinical tumor size (cT) and age were factors associated with LN metastasis [cT: odds ratio (OR), 2.92, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.69-5.05, P<0.001; age: OR, 0.33, 95% CI: 0.11-0.99, P=0.048]. However, HNB patients with ≥3 LN metastases were 15 (4.5%) of all the patients. There was statistically significant difference in the incidence of HNB between patients with cT1 tumors (3.6%) and those with cT2 tumors (7.4%) (P<0.001). Conclusions: In cN0, postmenopausal ER-positive/HER2-negative patients who underwent BCT, patients with cT1 tumors had lower rate of LN metastasis, and there were fewer instances of HNB. Therefore, in these patients, omission of axillary surgery including SLNB can be carefully considered.

Insulin Sensitivity Is Retained in Mice with Endothelial Loss of Carcinoembryonic Antigen Cell Adhesion Molecule 1.

CEACAM1 regulates endothelial barrier integrity. Because insulin signaling in extrahepatic target tissues is regulated by insulin transport through the endothelium, we aimed at investigating the metabolic role of endothelial CEACAM1. To this end, we generated endothelial cell-specific Ceacam1 null mice (VECadCre+Cc1fl/fl) and carried out their metabolic phenotyping and mechanistic analysis by comparison to littermate controls. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp analysis showed intact insulin sensitivity in VECadCre+Cc1fl/fl mice. This was associated with the absence of visceral obesity and lipolysis and normal levels of circulating non-esterified fatty acids, leptin, and adiponectin. Whereas the loss of endothelial Ceacam1 did not affect insulin-stimulated receptor phosphorylation, it reduced IRS-1/Akt/eNOS activation to lower nitric oxide production resulting from limited SHP2 sequestration. It also reduced Shc sequestration to activate NF-κB and increase the transcription of matrix metalloproteases, ultimately inducing plasma IL-6 and TNFα levels. Loss of endothelial Ceacam1 also induced the expression of the anti-inflammatory CEACAM1-4L variant in M2 macrophages in white adipose tissue. Together, this could cause endothelial barrier dysfunction and facilitate insulin transport, sustaining normal glucose homeostasis and retaining fat accumulation in adipocytes. The data assign a significant role for endothelial cell CEACAM1 in maintaining insulin sensitivity in peripheral extrahepatic target tissues.

Narrow-Band SrMgAl10O17:Eu2+, Mn2+ Green Phosphors for Wide-Color-Gamut Backlight for LCD Displays.

The strength of the photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectrum of SrMgAl10O17:Eu2+, Mn2+ (SAM:Eu2+, Mn2+) phosphor increased at deep blue (∼430 nm) and red-shifted from violet to deep blue with increasing concentrations of both Eu2+ ions Mn2+ ions. Eu2+-Mn2+ energy transfer between Eu2+ ions in Sr-O layer and Mn2+ ions at Al-O tetrahedral sites was maximized, and the photoluminescence (PL) intensity of the narrow-band Mn2+ emission was improved by optimizing the concentrations of Eu2+ and Mn2+ ions. The PL emission spectrum of the (Sr0.6Eu0.4)(Mg0.4Mn0.6)Al10O17 (SAM:Eu2+, Mn2+) phosphor peaks was optimized at 518 nm at a full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 26 nm under light-emitting diode (LED) excitation at 432 nm LED. The color gamut area of a color-filtered RGB triangle of down-converted white LEDs (DC-WLEDs) incorporated with optimum SAM:Eu2+, Mn2+ green and K2SiF6:Mn4+ (KSF:Mn4+) red phosphors is enlarged by 114% relative to that of the NTSC standard system in the CIE 1931 color space. The luminous efficacy of our DC-WLED was measured and found to be ∼92 lm/W at 20 mA. Increased energy transfers between dual activators and red-shifted band-edge and enhanced intensity of PLE spectrum indicate the possibility of developing dual-activated narrow-band green phosphors for wide-color gamut in an LCD backlighting system.

Expression of oncostatin M in chronic obstructive sialadenitis of the submandibular gland.

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the expression of oncostatin M messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein in normal submandibular glands and those with chronic obstructive sialadenitis and localized the expression of oncostatin M protein. METHODS: Submandibular glands from 10 patients with chronic obstructive sialadenitis as a study group and 10 normal submandibular glands as a control group were examined. Oncostatin M mRNA extracted from submandibular gland was used for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and analyzed semiquantitatively. The difference in expression level of oncostatin M protein between the 2 groups was analyzed through Western blot analysis, and oncostatin M protein was localized immunohistochemically. RESULTS: The expression levels of oncostatin M mRNA and protein were significantly increased in the study group. The protein was predominantly localized in ductal epithelia and infiltrating inflammatory cells and was more strongly expressed in the study group also. CONCLUSIONS: Oncostatin M is expressed in both chronic obstructive sialadenitis and normal submandibular gland, and is up-regulated in chronic obstructive sialadenitis. These results suggest that oncostatin M is involved in the pathologic process of chronic obstructive sialadenitis. However, the physiologic role in normal glands, as well as a possible role in the development of chronic obstructive sialadenitis, remains to be elucidated.

Study of Perovskite QD Down-Converted LEDs and Six-Color White LEDs for Future Displays with Excellent Color Performance.

A narrow-emitting red, green, and blue (RGB) perovskite quantum dot (PeQD)-based tricolored display system can widen the color gamut over the National Television System Committee (NTSC) to 120%, but this value is misleading with regard to the color perception of cyan and yellow reproduced in the narrow RGB spectra. We propose that a PeQD-based six-color display system can reproduce true-to-life spectral distributions with high fidelity, widen the color gamut, and close the cyan and yellow gap in the RGB tricolored display by adding cyan (Cy), yellowish green (Yg), and orange colors (Or). In this study, we demonstrated pure-colored CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I, or their halide mixtures; Cl/Br and Br/I) PeQD-based monochromatic down-converted light-emitting diodes (DC-LED) for the first time, and we incorporated PeQDs with UV-curable binders and long-wavelength-pass-dichroic filters (LPDFs). CsPbX3 PeQD-based pure Cy-, G-, Yg-, Or-, R-emitting monochromatic DC-LED provide luminous efficacy (LE) values of 81, 184, 79, 80, and 35 lm/W, respectively, at 20 mA. We also confirmed the suitability and the possibility of access to future color-by-blue backlights for field-sequential-color liquid crystal displays, using six-color multipackage white LEDs, as well as future six-colored light-emitting devices with high vision and color performance. The fabricated six-color multipackage white LEDs exhibited an appropriate LE (62 lm/W at total 120 mA), excellent color qualities (color rendering index (CRI) = 96, special CRI for red (R9) = 97) at a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 6500 K, and a wide color gamut covering the NTSC up to 145% in the 1931 Commission International de l'Eclairage (CIE) color coordinates space.

Hybrid 2D photonic crystal-assisted Lu3Al5O12:Ce ceramic-plate phosphor and free-standing red film phosphor for white LEDs with high color-rendering index.

This paper reports the combined optical effects of a two-dimensional (2D) SiNx photonic crystal layer (PCL)-assisted Lu3Al5O12:Ce (LuAG:Ce) green ceramic-plate phosphor (CPP) and a free-standing (Sr,Ca)AlSiN3:Eu red film phosphor to enhance luminous efficacy, color rendering index (CRI), and special CRI (R9) of LuAG:Ce CPP-capped white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for high-power white LEDs at 350 mA. By introducing the 2D SiNx PCL, the luminous efficacy was improved by a factor of 1.25 and 1.15 compared to that of the conventional flat CPP-capped LED and the thickness-increased CPP-capped LED (with a thickness of 0.15 mm), respectively, while maintaining low color-rendering properties. The combining of the free-standing red film phosphor in the flat CPP-capped, the 2D PCL-assisted CPP-capped, and the thickness-increased CPP-capped LEDs led to enhancement of the CRI and the special CRI (R9); it also led to a decrease of the correlated color temperature (CCT) due to broad wavelength coverage via the addition of red emission. High CRI (94), natural white CCT (4450 K), and acceptable luminous efficacy (71.1 lm/W) were attained from the 2D PCL-assisted LuAG:Ce CPP/free-standing red film phosphor-based LED using a red phosphor concentration of 7.5 wt %. It is expected that the combination of the 2D PCL and the free-standing red film phosphor will be a good candidate for achieving a high-power white CPP-capped LED with excellent CRI.

Augmentation rhinoplasty using injectable tissue-engineered soft tissue: a pilot study.

In a previous animal study, the authors reported that cultured human fibroblasts suspended in Restylane, which is a modified hyaluronic acid, can produce human dermal matrices with extended in vivo stability. This study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical efficacy of this method, particularly for augmentation rhinoplasty cases. Between January 2002 and June 2003, 11 patients were treated with subcutaneous implants of Restylane mixed with autologous fibroblasts for augmentation rhinoplasty. Of these 11 patients, a long-term follow-up for more than 1 year was possible in 6 patients. Appearance of reconstructed noses, degree and time of resorption, occurrence of complications, and patients' satisfaction were investigated. The injected implants remained in situ without evidence of significant resorption or loss of correction. All patients were satisfied with the achieved long-term results, and no complication occurred. The results obtained indicate that this method is well tolerated and may have a potential to be an effective means of performing augmentation rhinoplasty.