RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Ki67 is an immunohistochemical proliferation marker in many types of cancer and has been widely studied among breast cancer patients mostly through retrospective studies. METHODS: The MEDLINE/PubMed database was searched for publications with the medical subject heading 'Ki 67' and the key words 'breast', 'cancer', and 'prognosis'. We restricted our search to articles published until 2012. RESULTS: In this review, we included 78 articles and abstracts that were accessible and available in English. An effort to further explain the role of Ki67 in the prognosis of breast cancer has been made. CONCLUSIONS: The debate on the prognostic role of Ki67 in breast cancer is still open, although most of the studies have established a relation between Ki67 and overall and disease-free survival. Further research should be made in order to establish Ki67 as a standard prognostic marker in breast cancer.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/mortalidad , Antígeno Ki-67/análisis , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , PronósticoRESUMEN
Renal oncocytomas are benign tumors of the kidneys, which are usually diagnosed postoperatively, due to differential diagnostic problems, from a sample of a renal cell carcinoma. The development of a renal oncocytoma in the native kidneys following renal transplantation is a very rare condition and only a few cases have been published in the world literature. In this case report we present a unique case of bilateral multifocal renal oncocytomas of the native kidneys in a female transplant recipient 6 years after renal transplantation. The patient's postoperative clinical course was uneventful and no local recurrence or distant metastasis has been found so far. The pathology, clinical characteristics, and treatment of renal oncocytomas are also reviewed.
Asunto(s)
Adenoma Oxifílico/etiología , Carcinoma de Células Renales/etiología , Fallo Renal Crónico/complicaciones , Neoplasias Renales/etiología , Trasplante de Riñón/efectos adversos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Adenoma Oxifílico/diagnóstico , Anciano , Carcinoma de Células Renales/diagnóstico , Femenino , Humanos , Fallo Renal Crónico/cirugía , Neoplasias Renales/diagnóstico , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Pronóstico , Literatura de Revisión como AsuntoRESUMEN
Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is an emerging treatment option for thoracic aorta aneurysms (TAA). Endovascular access is a challenge. We present a novel TEVAR technique in a patient with single kidney and a 6.4 cm TAA. Attempting to place a sheath through iliac arteries was unsuccessful. The decision to proceed to hybrid TEVAR was made. The protection of the solitary kidney was achieved through axillo-femoral bypass, followed by an end-to-side anastomosis between the aorta and a bifurcated graft. Through the graft, a stent was introduced in the thoracic aorta. With the use of contrast material, the right position of the graft was confirmed.