Endogenous Sensitizer of Beta-Adrenergic Receptors (ESBAR) as a Component of Humoral Links Element of Autonomic Nervous System and Its Analogs (Review).

Kirov State Medical Academy, Kirov The results of the 20-years studies of the presence in blood serum and other body fluids of endogenous modulators of adrenergic and M-cholinergic impact a A COMPONENT of humoral element of autonomic nervous system. The article is devoted to the endogenous sensitizer of beta-adrenergic receptor (ESBAR) - water-soluble low molecular weight substances, analogues of which are histidine, tryptophan, tyrosine, mildronat and preduktal. It is shown, that separate dilutions of human serum and animal (as a source of ESBAR) and ESBAR - analogues ways to enhance the effectiveness of activation of beta-adrenoceptors (AR) of smooth muscle (uterus, coronary and renal arteries, trachea, stomach), myocardium and erythrocytes and platelets (respectively influenced of histidine and tryptophan). It is reported? that content of ESBAR in human serum (according to the titers of its dilution) depends on the sex and the presence of somatic diseases, and at women are also on the stage of reproduction and obstetric complications It is discussed hossible mechanisms of ESBAR action, its physiological role, including as a component of beta-adrenoreceptor myometrium inhibitory mechanism, as well as the prospect of the use of analogues ESBAR, including for the prevention of preterm labor, and for the treatment of bronchial asthma, coronary heart disease, hypertension and heart failure.

[The efficacy and safety of cefixime and amoxicillin/clavulanate in the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women: a randomized, prospective, multicenter study].

The study was aimed to the evaluation of efficacy and safety of cefixime and amoxicillin/clavulanate in the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women. A prospective, multicenter, randomized study that included 112 pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria was performed. 58 women were randomized in group 1 (cefixime [suprax solutab] 400 mg 1 time a day, 7 days), 54 women were included in group 2 (amoxicillin/clavulanate [amoksiklav] 625 mg 3 times a day, 7 days). The average age of the patients in group 1 was 25.2 +/- 6.6; in group 2--26.6 +/- 5.8 years. Physical examination, evaluation of complaints, collection of data on adverse reactions, and bacteriological analysis of urine were performed after enrollment in the study at visit 2 (day 10 +/- 1) and 3 (day 35 +/- 2). Comparable effectiveness of cefixime and amoxicillin/clavulanate in the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women was found. Eradication of the pathogen and sustained bacteriological response were observed in 94.8 and 92.7% of women treated with cefixime, and in 98.2 and 92.5% of women treated with amoxicillin/clavulanate, respectively (P > 0.05). At the same time, the use of amoxicillin/clavulanate compared with cefixime significantly higher was followed by the development of adverse reactions (13% and 1.7; respectively; P = 0.02). Seven-day courses of cefixime at a dose 400 mg 1 time a day and amoxicillin/clavulanate at a dose of 625 mg 3 times a day are high-effective treatment regimens for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women in Russia. The use of amoxicillin/clavulanate is significantly more often accompanied by the development of adverse reactions compared with cefixime.

[Influence of birth weight on the physical development of children and teenagers].

To study the influence of birth weight (BW) on the physical development of children and teenagers, weight, height, weight-to-height ratio, and Quetelet's and Rohrer's indices were retrospectively estimated in 699 children at 1, 7, 8, 12, 14, and 16 years of age (including 320 girls) from the tenth classes of 16 Kirov comprehensive schools. It was established that 82.1% of the examined had normal (2.6-3.9 kg) BW, 126% had high (4.0-5.1 kg) BW; and 5.3% had low (1.6-2.5 kg) BW. Moreover; gender differences were characterized only for high-weight schoolchildren, among whom there were more young men (9.2 versus 3.4%). Both the girls and the young men with high BW had higher values of weight, height, and physical development at 1, 7, 8, 12, 14, and 16 years of age than the persons of their age. This shows the specific features of their metabolism at all stages of ontogenesis. The children with low BW lagged behind their peers with normal BW in all physical development indicators by 1 year but did not differ from them at 7, 8 and 12 years of age and again fell behind at 14 and 16 years of age (in weight, weight-to-height ratio, and Quetelet's index). Hence, when evaluating the physical development of schoolchildren, it is necessary to consider their BW.