Pakistan National Diabetes Survey prevalence of glucose intolerance and associated factors in North West at Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistan.

AIM: To estimate the prevalence of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and their relationship with age and obesity in a population based survey in the rural areas of NWFP, Pakistan. SETTING: Three villages, Pawakai, Reghi and Jhagra in NWFP were the target areas. METHODS: Cluster sampling of 1035 adults aged 25 years and above (207 men, 828 women) was done. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed and the diagnosis of diabetes and IGT was made according to WHO criteria. Height, weight and waist hip ratio of the study population were recorded. The Chi Square test was used to measure the association among the different variables. Basic demographic information from the subjects was collected by a physician using a standard questionnaire. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of NIDDM and IGT in both sexes was 11.1% and 9.4%. The sex-specific prevalence of diabetes was 9.2% in men and 11.6% in women. Advanced age, positive family history of diabetes and obesity were associated with higher rates of diabetes. In both sexes high Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) was more closely associated with diabetes than was high Body Mass Index (BMI). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in rural areas of NWFP is high and almost similar to that of Sindh and Baluchistan.

Pakistan National Diabetes Survey: prevalence of glucose intolerance and associated factors in the Punjab Province of Pakistan.

AIMS: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and their relationship to age and obesity were estimated in Punjab, Pakistan by a population-based survey done in 1998. METHODS: Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed in a stratified random sample of 1852 adults aged >or=25 years. The diagnosis of diabetes and IGT were made on the basis of WHO criteria. RESULTS: The prevalence of diabetes was 12.14% in males and 9.83% in females. Overall total glucose intolerance (diabetes and IGT) was present in 16.68% males and 19.37% females. Central obesity, hypertension and positive family history were strongly associated with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the prevalence of glucose intolerance is high in the studied population and comparable with the published data from the other three provinces of Pakistan i.e. Sindh, Baluchistan and North West Frontier Province, studied by the same group.

Pakistan national diabetes survey: prevalence of glucose intolerance and associated factors in Shikarpur, Sindh Province.

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and their relationship to age and obesity was estimated in the rural town of Shikarpur in Sindh Province, Pakistan by a population-based survey in 1994. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed in a stratified random sample of 967 adults (387 men, 580 women) aged 25 years and above. The diagnoses of diabetes and IGT were made on the basis of WHO criteria. The response rate was 71% for men and 80% for women. The prevalence of diabetes was 16.2% (9.0% known, 7.2% newly diagnosed) in men, and 11.7% (6.3% known, 5.3% newly diagnosed) in women. The prevalence rose with age to a peak of 30% and 21% in 65-74 year-old men and women respectively. IGT was detected in 8.2% of men and 14.3% of women. Thus, total glucose intolerance (diabetes and IGT combined) was present in 25% of subjects examined. These results indicate that glucose intolerance in South Asians can no longer be regarded as a problem confined to migrant communities. Of the 72 subjects previously known to have diabetes, none was using insulin treatment, but 57 (79%) took oral hypoglycaemic agents. Central obesity and positive family history were strongly associated with diabetes, as was prevalence of hypertension. The association with central obesity was greater for women than for men, and suggests important, modifiable risk factor(s) related to lifestyle.