[Individual Motivational Interventions after Alcohol-Related Event Treated in Hospital - Effective Option for Secondary Prevention in Adolescence?] / Motivierende Kurzinterventionen nach Krankenhausaufenthalt bei Alkoholintoxikation bei Jugendlichen ­ Effektive Option sekundärer Prävention?

Individual Motivational Interventions after alcohol-related event treated in Hospital - Effective Option for Secondary Prevention in Adolescence? In a prospective, randomized, single-blind study 48 adolescents between 13 and 17 years answered a standardized questionnaire about their behavior of alcohol-consumption after an alcohol-related event with hospitalization. They were divided in 2 groups by randomization: Group A (n=28) took part in an individual motivational intervention (HaLT-Präventionsprojekt), Group B (n=20) did not get any intervention. Six and 12 weeks after the hospitalization the same questionnaire was answered again by telephone-based interviews. The interviewer did not know to which group the interview-partner belonged. 58% (n=28) of all adolescents drank less alcohol or in a lower frequency than before the alcohol-related event. 17% (n=8) did not drink any alcohol in that period of 12 weeks. 54% (n=26) explained, that they had no events of drunkenness in that period. 38% (n=18) did not change their behavior in consumption of alcohol. 6% (n=3) drank more or in higher frequency than before. We could not find any significant difference in the behavior of alcohol-consumption of both groups: 58% (A) resp. 65% (B) drank less than the time before the alcohol-related event (χ²=0,6269; p=0,4285). An influence of the individual motivational intervention could not be shown. Further studies should include interventions for parents and peers.

Early root surface colonization by human periodontal ligament fibroblasts following treatment with different biomaterials.

OBJECTIVES: The present in-vitro study examined the effects of different biomaterials on early root surface colonization by human periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts using confocal-laser-scanning-microscopy (CLSM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen periodontally-diseased teeth were extracted, treated with scaling/root planing and longitudinally cut to obtain 30 root fragments. Fragments were treated either with 24% EDTA following application of enamel matrix derivative (EMD), 24% EDTA or EMD only, nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (NHA) paste or oily calcium hydroxide suspension (OCHS) for 1 h each. The analogue untreated root specimens served as controls. Root fragments were incubated with human PDL fibroblasts and cellular proliferation and morphology were evaluated after 1, 3, 5 and 8 days using CLSM-visualization and image recognition software. RESULTS: The rate of cellular proliferation was different among treatment modalities examined (p = 0.019). Except treatment with NHA paste all treatment modalities improved cellular proliferation on root surfaces at all different points of time compared with the control specimens. A significant difference between treatment modalities was observed between EMD and NHA paste (p = 0.008). No synergistic effect could be demonstrated comparing root surface conditioning with 24% EDTA and EMD application compared to 24% EDTA or EMD application only. CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that initial root surface colonization by PDL fibroblasts may be enhanced by root surface conditioning with 24% EDTA and application of EMD, application of 24% EDTA or EMD alone and OCHS. The addition of 24% EDTA for root surface conditioning prior to EMD application provided no synergistic effects in terms of early root surface colonization by PDL fibroblasts.

Relation between bone quality values from ultrasound transmission velocity and implant stability parameters--an ex vivo study.

AIM: The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between bone qualities measured by ultrasound transmission velocity (UTV) and primary implant stability parameters measured by radiofrequency analysis (RFA) and push-out test (POT) in an ex-vivo model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three blocks of fresh porcine bone samples were obtained from different anatomic regions, correlating to cortical, mixed and cancellous bone. Mechanical bone qualities of these samples were measured using UTV (expressed in m/s) prior to implantation. Three similar implants (4.1 × 11 mm, AstraTech OS) were inserted into each of the procured bone blocks. The evaluation of implant-bone interface stability was evaluated by RFA expressed as implant stability quotient (ISQ), and POT measured in Newton (N). RESULTS: For cortical, mixed and cancellous bone samples UTV values showed a mean of 2049.33, 1728.67 and 1427.67 m/s, respectively. For the implants inserted into cortical, mixed and cancellous bone samples the mean RFA (ISQ) values were 94.33, 81.33 and 63.11, whereas the POT values were >2000, 680 and 290 N, respectively. There was a strong correlation between UTV values and implant stability parameters that was shown descriptively by scatter box plots. CONCLUSION: The bone quality measurements obtained by UTV values significantly correlated to primary implant stability values measured by RFA and push-out test. Moreover, UTV was able to significantly differentiate between the different bone types. This suggested that UTV may be considered as a reasonable instrument to measure bone quality preoperatively and would help clinicians predict primary implant stability before implant insertion.

Promotion of osteogenic cell response using quasicovalent immobilized fibronectin on titanium surfaces: introduction of a novel biomimetic layer system.

PURPOSE: Despite the undeniable potential of cell adhesion molecules such as fibronectin to support osteogenic cell responses and consecutive dental implant healing, the most beneficial mode of application onto titanium implant surfaces still requires investigation. Unspecific fibronectin adsorption on titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) surfaces can result in low-loading, high-desorption rates and protein-metal interactions with impaired biologic activity. The aim of the present study was to monitor the osteogenic cell responses (cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation) specifically to fibronectin biofunctionalized TiO(2). MATERIALS AND METHODS: An innovative biomimetic streptavidin-biotin layer system allows flexible, but stable, specific binding of biotinylated biomolecules such as fibronectin on TiO(2) surfaces. Transparent glass disks were sputtered with TiO(2). The biomimetic layer system was immobilized by self-assembly and consisted of silane, biotin-derivate, streptavidin, and biotinylated fibronectin (bFN). For the control group, unbiotinylated fibronectin was directly coated onto TiO(2). Early cell adhesion dynamics were quantified using automated processing of light microscopy images within the first 24 hours. Relative mRNA expression of integrin-ß1, cyclin D1, runt-related gene 2, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin was obtained using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions 3 and 7 days after incubation. RESULTS: Although untreated TiO(2) preserved a rather immature osteogenic phenotype, both unbiotinylated fibronectin and bFN promoted osteogenic cell adhesion and cell differentiation. In particular, runt-related gene 2 expression was significantly promoted by bFN after 3 days. In contrast, cyclin D1 expression was decreased for unbiotinylated fibronectin and bFN after 7 days. CONCLUSIONS: The introduced biomimetic layer system contributes a coherent immobilization approach of adhesion molecules with promotion of osteogenic cell response in vitro.

Spin electron paramagnetic resonance of albumin for diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

OBJECTIVES: Albumin has a known capability to modulate free serum concentrations of proteins produced by tumour cells. The technique of spin probe labelling of albumin followed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy may allow identification of these structural and functional changes, which regularly occur as consequence of binding tumour metabolites as ligands. The aim of the present study was a proof of principle evaluation of EPR-analysis of peripheral blood samples as possible predictor for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The present study is designed as gender-matched cohort. EPR was tested after retrieval of peripheral blood samples. The study group is represented by 32 patients with OSCC, and the control group consisted of 30 healthy patients. RESULTS: Overall analysis exhibited a diagnostic sensitivity of 72% (23/32 OSCC group) and a specificity of 80% (24/30 control group). Subgroup analysis revealed ten patients with elevated leukocytes (>10,000/µl; n = 9 [OSCC group] and n = 1 [control group]). After exclusion of patients with elevated white blood cell count, sensitivity considerably increased to 87% and specificity to 83%. CONCLUSION: EPR analysis of peripheral blood samples might be appropriate to support the clinician in primary and follow-up diagnosis of potential tumours such as OSCC. Unfortunately, subgroup analysis characterises the method vulnerable to inflammation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Nevertheless, our preliminary results are intriguing, as diagnosis of OSCC appears possible by simple peripheral blood examination. Thus, further appraisal of this novel method with inclusion of different tumour entities, systemic conditions and inflammation in a larger study population appears highly valuable.

[Health-related quality of life of children and adolescents with primary nocturnal enuresis who are undergoing therapy]. / Gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit primärer Enuresis nocturna unter Therapie.

BACKGROUND: Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) affects a relevant proportion of children (10-15% at school entrance). While a significant impact on psychological well-being and self-esteem of children has been reported, the consequences for Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) have been less addressed. The aim of this investigation is the analysis of HRQoL of PNE under therapy with an established questionnaire. METHODS: The KINDL­R questionnaire for HRQoL with 24 items in 6 dimensions was sent to all patients of the enuresis outpatient clinic (ages 7-17 years, minimum 3 months of therapy, no achieved dryness). Actual number of wet nights and eventual comorbidities were extracted from the clinical data. RESULTS: Of 57 questionnaires sent by mail, 47 were returned from patients and parents (82.5%). The patient results did not show a correlation between HRQoL and age, but there was a negative correlation of physical well-being and increasing age (r = -0.259, p < 0.05). A marked negative correlation was seen between bed-wetting frequency and HRQoL (r = -0.372, p < 0.05), especially in the dimensions "self-worthiness" (r = -0.399, p < 0.005) and "chronic-generic" (r = -0.383, p < 0.05). DISCUSSION: During enuresis treatment without achieved dryness, the patients did not show systematic limitation in HRQoL compared to reference populations. This is in contrast to limitations in HRQoL and self-esteem before therapy, but may possibly be explained by the correlation of this dimension with bed-wetting frequency in this study and the reported improvement through treatment in other studies. Both factors support the need and importance of adequate PNE therapy.

Use of a new cross-linked collagen membrane for the treatment of dehiscence-type defects at titanium implants: a prospective, randomized-controlled double-blinded clinical multicenter study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present randomized-controlled double-blinded clinical multicenter study was to assess the use of either a new cross-linked (VN) or a native collagen membrane (BG) for the treatment of dehiscence-type defects at titanium implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of n=54 patients were recruited in four German university clinics. According to a parallel-groups design, dehiscence-type defects at titanium implants were filled with a natural bone mineral and randomly assigned to either VN or BG. Submerged sites were allowed to heal for 4 months. Primary (e.g., changes in defect length - DeltaDL, quality of newly formed tissue [0-4] - TQ) and secondary parameters (e.g., membrane exposure, tissue conditions at dehisced sites) were consecutively recorded. RESULTS: Four patients were excluded due to an early wound infection (VN:3; BG:1), and one patient was lost during follow-up (VN). The mean DeltaDL was 3.0 +/- 2.5 mm in the VN, and 1.94 +/- 2.13 mm in the BG group. The assessment of TQ revealed comparable mean values in both groups (VN: 3.05 +/- 1.66, BG: 3.46 +/- 1.48). A significant correlation between membrane exposure and inflammation of the adjacent soft tissue was observed in the VN group. In both groups, the mean DL and TQ values were not significantly different at either non-exposed or exposed implant sites. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study have indicated that VN supported bone regeneration on a level non-inferior to BG. However, in case of a premature membrane exposure, cross-linking might impair soft-tissue healing or may even cause wound infections.

Normal emotion regulation in adults with cleft lip and palate: an exploratory study.

INTRODUCTION: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) represent the most common congenital malformations of the midfacial region. Although these patients show differences in their facial appearance, we hypothesize that CLP-affected individuals do not show an alteration in their emotion regulation abilities compared to unaffected individuals. This is because of the strong biological basis of facial emotion and expression that is inherent and receives little influence from external factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The present study evaluated various aspects of emotion regulation in 25 adults with CLP and an equally sized control group of unaffected volunteers. The study was divided into three parts. First, we investigated emotion regulation strategies. Here, each participant was asked to complete the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and Ambivalence over Emotional Expressiveness Questionnaire G 18 (AEQ-G18). Second, we examined the recognition of facially expressed basic emotions (FEEL test). Third, we evaluated the expression of an emotion induced by an odor sample. RESULTS: Habitual emotion regulation, measured by ERQ and AEQ-G18, was not different between CLP and controls subjects for all of the sub-scales. Recognition of facially expressed basic emotions was also the same for both groups. Facial emotion encoding did not differ for both groups. CONCLUSIONS: To summarize, the findings suggest that individuals with an orofacial cleft show undisturbed emotion regulation and recognition. This may be explained by the strong biological basis of facial emotion recognition and regulation as well as by the healthy emotional resilience and social functioning of CLP patients.

Valosin-containing protein (VCP/p97)-expression correlates with prognosis of HPV- negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Valosin-containing protein (VCP)/p97 has been shown to be associated with antiapoptotic function via activation of the nuclear factor-[Formula: see text]B (NF[Formula: see text]B) signaling pathway and with metastasizing of tumors in several studies. VCP is located on chromosome 9p13-p12, a region often deleted in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The clinical significance of VCP expression in OSCC however remains unclear. In this study, expression of VCP was determined in 106 patients (77 male (71.3%) and 31 female (28.7%); age-range: 34-79 years (mean age 57 years)) by immunohistochemistry and in a subset of 15 patients by quantitative PCR. HPV-DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction and p16INK4a immunohistochemistry. The experimental findings were correlated with clinico-pathological data and survival parameters. 47.2% of all OSCC specimens were analyzed as negative or weak staining intensity for VCP. 52.8% of all specimens showed a high staining intensity for VCP. 73.1% of all patients were tested HPV-negative, 26.9% were HPV-positive. The 5-year disease-free and overall survival probabilities of all patients were 71.2% and 55.7%, respectively. No correlation could be found between HPV-status and VCP expression. VCP overexpression in HPV-negative patients was associated with significantly better 5-year disease-free survival (86.4% vs., 45.6%, p = 0.017). The level of VCP-intensity determined by immunohistochemistry could be an additional prognostic marker in HPV-negative OSCC. VCP expression seems not to correlate with the HPV-status.

Long-term bony integration and resorption kinetics of a xenogeneic bone substitute after sinus floor augmentation: histomorphometric analyses of human biopsy specimens.

In this case series, a systematic histomorphometric analysis of two human bone biopsy specimens was conducted 1 and 5 years after grafting with a xenogeneic bovine bone substitute material (BSM). While the 1-year specimen still showed extensive signs of an active desmal ossification, the specimen after 5 years mainly showed mature lamellar bone without bone turnover or remodeling. A completed bony integration without extensive resorption of the BSM particles could be detected. Altogether, a good integration in the bone with osteoconduction and a high biocompatibility was seen.

Evaluation of ultrasound transmission velocity and 3-dimensional radiology in different bone types for dental implantology: a comparative ex vivo study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate ultrasound transmission velocity (UTV) for assessment of mechanical bone quality, an ex vivo comparison of different bone types measured with UTV, 2-dimensional (2D) histomorphometry and with 3-dimensional (3D) radiology (cone-beam computerized tomography [CBCT], computerized microtomography [µCT]) was conducted. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical cortical, cancellous, and mixed bone (each n = 6) was measured via UTV (m/s), CBCT (white pixel/black pixel ratio [WP/BP]), µCT (bone volume/total volume [µBV/TV]), and histomorphometry (bone volume/total volume [hBV/TV]). UTV values were correlated with 2D-histomorphometry and 3D-radiologic results. RESULTS: For the cortical, cancellous, and mixed bone samples, respectively, UTV values were 1,945.17, 1,266.9,and 1472.2 m/s, WP/BP quotients were 0.96, 0.15, and 0.33, µBV/TV quotients were 0.94, 0.2, and 0.47, and hBV/TV quotients were 0.96, 0.24 and 0.39. Significant correlations between UTV and the other methods were seen (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Similar to the other methods, UTV is able to discriminate between different bone types ex vivo.

In vitro proliferation of human osteogenic cells in presence of different commercial bone substitute materials combined with enamel matrix derivatives.

BACKGROUND: Cellular reactions to alloplastic bone substitute materials (BSM) are a subject of interest in basic research. In regenerative dentistry, these bone grafting materials are routinely combined with enamel matrix derivatives (EMD) in order to additionally enhance tissue regeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the proliferative activity of human osteogenic cells after incubation over a period of seven days with commercial BSM of various origin and chemical composition. Special focus was placed on the potential additional benefit of EMD on cellular proliferation. RESULTS: Except for PerioGlas, osteogenic cell proliferation was significantly promoted by the investigated BSM. The application of EMD alone also resulted in significantly increased cellular proliferation. However, a combination of BSM and EMD resulted in only a moderate additional enhancement of osteogenic cell proliferation. CONCLUSION: The application of most BSM, as well as the exclusive application of EMD demonstrated a positive impact on the proliferation of human osteogenic cells in vitro. In order to increase the benefit from substrate combination (BSM + EMD), further studies on the interactions between BSM and EMD are needed.