Subcutaneous Infliximab (CT-P13) as Maintenance Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: 2 Randomized Phase 3 Trials.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: CT-P13 subcutaneous (SC), an SC formulation of the intravenous (IV) infliximab biosimilar CT-P13 IV, creates a unique exposure profile. We aimed to demonstrate superiority of CT-P13 SC vs placebo as maintenance therapy in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS: Two randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind studies were conducted in patients with moderately to severely active CD or UC and inadequate response or intolerance to corticosteroids and immunomodulators. All patients received open-label CT-P13 IV 5 mg/kg at weeks 0, 2, and 6. At week 10, clinical responders were randomized (2:1) to CT-P13 SC 120 mg or placebo every 2 weeks until week 54 (maintenance phase) using prefilled syringes. Co-primary end points were clinical remission and endoscopic response (CD) and clinical remission (UC) at week 54 (all-randomized population). RESULTS: Overall, 396 patients with CD and 548 patients with UC received induction treatment. At week 54 in the CD study, statistically significant higher proportions of CT-P13 SC-treated patients vs placebo-treated patients achieved clinical remission (62.3% vs 32.1%; P < .0001) and endoscopic response (51.1% vs 17.9%; P < .0001). In the UC study, clinical remission rates at week 54 were statistically significantly higher with CT-P13 SC vs placebo (43.2% vs 20.8%; P < .0001). Achievement of key secondary end points was significantly higher with CT-P13 SC vs placebo across both studies. CT-P13 SC was well tolerated, with no new safety signals identified. CONCLUSIONS: CT-P13 SC was more effective than placebo as maintenance therapy and was well tolerated in patients with moderately to severely active CD or UC who responded to CT-P13 IV induction. CLINICALTRIALS: gov, Numbers: NCT03945019 (CD) and NCT04205643 (UC).

Anti-TL1A Antibody PF-06480605 Safety and Efficacy for Ulcerative Colitis: A Phase 2a Single-Arm Study.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: An immune component of inflammatory bowel disease is up-regulated tumor necrosis factor-like ligand 1A (TL1A). Anti-TL1A antibodies such as PF-06480605, a fully human immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody, may have therapeutic potential. METHODS: This Phase 2a, multicenter, single-arm, open-label study (TUSCANY) evaluated safety, tolerability, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity in PF-06480605-treated participants with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC). Participants received 500 mg intravenous PF-06480605 every 2 weeks, 7 doses total, with a 3-month follow-up period. Primary safety and efficacy endpoints were the incidence of adverse events (AEs) and week 14 endoscopic improvement (EI) (Mayo endoscopic subscore = 0 or 1), respectively. Secondary endpoints included total soluble TL1A (free/drug-bound) (sTL1A), incidence of anti-drug and neutralizing antibodies, PF-06480605 concentrations, and changes in fecal calprotectin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Histology was assessed at week 14. RESULTS: The study enrolled 50 participants; 42 completed. Of 109 treatment-emergent AEs, 18 were treatment-related. The most common AEs were UC disease exacerbation and arthralgia (6 participants each). Four serious AEs, no deaths, and no malignancies were reported. Week 14 EI was observed in a statistically significant proportion of participants (38.2% [uniformly minimum-variance unbiased estimator, per protocol population]). Minimal histologic disease was observed after treatment (Robarts Histopathology Index ≤5: 33.3%; Geboes Index ≤3.2: 47.6%). sTL1A increase over time from baseline indicated sustained target engagement. Forty-one participants (82%) tested positive for anti-drug antibodies and 5 (10%) for neutralizing antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: PF-06480605 demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and statistically significant EI in participants with moderate to severe UC, warranting further study in a larger participant cohort. Tissue histopathology analyses support this conclusion. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: https://clinicaltrials.gov/NCT02840721.

Phase II evaluation of anti-MAdCAM antibody PF-00547659 in the treatment of Crohn's disease: report of the OPERA study.

OBJECTIVE: This phase II, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PF-00547659, a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds to human mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule (MAdCAM) to selectively reduce lymphocyte homing to the intestinal tract, in patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease (CD). DESIGN: Eligible adults were aged 18-75 years, with active moderate-to-severe CD (Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) 220-450), a history of failure or intolerance to antitumour necrosis factor and/or immunosuppressive agents, high-sensitivity C reactive protein >3.0 mg/L and ulcers on colonoscopy. Patients were randomised to PF-00547659 22.5 mg, 75 mg or 225 mg or placebo. The primary endpoint was CDAI 70-point decrease from baseline (CDAI-70) at week 8 or 12. RESULTS: In all, 265 patients were eligible for study entry. Although CDAI-70 response was not significantly different with placebo versus PF-00547659 treatment at weeks 8 or 12, remission rate was greater in patients with higher baseline C reactive protein (>5 mg/L vs >18.8 mg/L, respectively). Soluble MAdCAM decreased significantly from baseline to week 2 in a dose-related manner and remained low during the study in PF-00547659-treated patients. Circulating ß7+ CD4+ central memory T-lymphocytes increased at weeks 8 and 12 with PF-00547659 treatment. No safety signal was seen. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical endpoint differences between PF-00547659 and placebo did not reach statistical significance in patients with moderate-to-severe CD. PF-00547659 was pharmacologically active, as shown by a sustained dose-related decrease in soluble MAdCAM and a dose-related increase in circulating ß7+ central memory T cells. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01276509; Results.

Clinical remission in patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease treated with filgotinib (the FITZROY study): results from a phase 2, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Filgotinib (GLPG0634, GS-6034) is a once-daily, orally administered, Janus kinase 1 (JAK1)-selective inhibitor. The FITZROY study examined the efficacy and safety of filgotinib for the treatment of moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease. METHODS: We did a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 study, which recruited patients from 52 centres in nine European countries. We enrolled eligible patients aged 18-75 years with a documented history of ileal, colonic, or ileocolonic Crohn's disease for 3 months or more before screening, as assessed by colonoscopy and supported by histology, and a Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) score during screening between 220 and 450 inclusive. Patients were randomly assigned (3:1) to receive filgotinib 200 mg once a day or placebo for 10 weeks. Patients were stratified according to previous anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha exposure, C-reactive protein concentration at screening (≤10 mg/L or >10 mg/L), and oral corticosteroid use at baseline, using an interactive web-based response system. The primary endpoint was clinical remission, defined as CDAI less than 150 at week 10. After week 10, patients were assigned based on responder status to filgotinib 100 mg once a day, filgotinib 200 mg once a day, or placebo for an observational period lasting a further 10 weeks. The filgotinib and placebo treatment groups were compared using ANCOVA models and logistic regression models containing baseline values and randomisation stratification factors as fixed effects. Analyses were done on the intention-to-treat non-responder imputation set. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02048618. FINDINGS: Between Feb 3, 2014, and July 10, 2015, we enrolled 174 patients with active Crohn's disease confirmed by centrally read endoscopy (130 in the filgotinib 200 mg group and 44 in the placebo group). In the intention-to-treat population, 60 (47%) of 128 patients treated with filgotinib 200 mg achieved clinical remission at week 10 versus ten (23%) of 44 patients treated with placebo (difference 24 percentage points [95% CI 9-39], p=0·0077). In a pooled analysis of all periods of filgotinib and placebo exposure over 20 weeks, serious treatment-emergent adverse effects were reported in 14 (9%) of 152 patients treated with filgotinib and three (4%) of 67 patients treated with placebo. INTERPRETATION: Filgotinib induced clinical remission in significantly more patients with active Crohn's disease compared with placebo, and had an acceptable safety profile. FUNDING: Galapagos.

Anti-MAdCAM antibody (PF-00547659) for ulcerative colitis (TURANDOT): a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: PF-00547659 is a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds to human mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) to selectively reduce lymphocyte homing to the intestinal tract. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of PF-00547659 in patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis. METHODS: This phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial recruited patients aged 18-65 years from 105 centres in 21 countries, with a history (≥3 months) of active ulcerative colitis extending more than 15 cm beyond the anal verge (with a total Mayo score ≥6 and a Mayo endoscopic subscore ≥2) who had failed or were intolerant to at least one conventional therapy. Patients were stratified by previous anti-TNFα treatment, and randomly assigned by a computer-generated randomisation schedule to receive a subcutaneous injection of 7·5 mg, 22·5 mg, 75 mg, or 225 mg PF-00547659 or placebo at baseline, then every 4 weeks. Patients, investigators, and sponsors were blinded to the treatment. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving remission (total Mayo score ≤2 with no individual subscore >1 and rectal bleeding subscore ≤1) at week 12. The efficacy analysis included all patients who received at least one dose of the randomised treatment; the safety analysis was done according to treatment received. All p values were one-sided and multiplicity-adjusted. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01620255. FINDINGS: Between Nov 2, 2012, and Feb 4, 2016, we screened 587 patients; 357 were eligible and randomly assigned to receive placebo (n=73) or PF-00547659 at doses of 7·5 mg (n=71), 22·5 mg (n=72), 75 mg (n=71), or 225 mg (n=70). Remission rates at week 12 were significantly greater in three of four active-treatment groups than in the placebo group (2·7% [two of 73]): 7·5 mg (11·3% [eight of 71]), 22·5 mg (16·7% [12 of 72]), 75 mg (15·5% [11 of 71]), and 225 mg (5·7% [four of 70]). These rates corresponded to a stratum-adjusted (anti-TNFα-naive and anti-TNFα-experienced) risk difference versus placebo of 8·0% for 7·5 mg (90% CI 1·9 to 14, p=0·0425), 12·8% for 22·5 mg (5·6 to 19·9, p=0·0099), 11·8% for 75 mg (4·8 to 18·8, p=0·0119), and 2·6% for 225 mg (-1·2 to 6·4, p=0·1803). Four of 73 (5·5%) patients had a serious adverse event in the placebo group, ten of 71 (14·1%) in the 7·5 mg group, one of 70 (1·4%) in the 22·5 mg group, three of 73 (4·1%) in the 75 mg group, and three of 70 (4·3%) in the 225 mg group. No safety signal was observed for the study drug. INTERPRETATION: PF-00547659 was safe and well tolerated in this patient population, and better than placebo for induction of remission in patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis. The greatest clinical effects were observed with the 22·5 mg and 75 mg doses. FUNDING: Pfizer.

In vivo evidence of ascorbate involvement in the generation of epigenetic DNA modifications in leukocytes from patients with colorectal carcinoma, benign adenoma and inflammatory bowel disease.

BACKGROUND: A characteristic feature of malignant cells, such as colorectal cancer cells, is a profound decrease in the level of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, a product of 5-methylcytosine oxidation by TET enzymes. Recent studies showed that ascorbate may upregulate the activity of TET enzymes in cultured cells and enhance formation of their products in genomic DNA. METHODS: The study included four groups of subjects: healthy controls (n = 79), patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD, n = 51), adenomatous polyps (n = 67) and colorectal cancer (n = 136). The list of analyzed parameters included (i) leukocyte levels of epigenetic DNA modifications and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine, a marker of oxidatively modified DNA, determined by means of isotope-dilution automated online two-dimensional ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, (ii) expression of TET mRNA measured with RT-qPCR, and (iii) chromatographically-determined plasma concentrations of retinol, alpha-tocopherol and ascorbate. RESULTS: Patients from all groups presented with significantly lower levels of 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in DNA than the controls. A similar tendency was also observed for 5-hydroxymethyluracil level. Patients with IBD showed the highest levels of 5-formylcytosine and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine of all study subjects, and individuals with colorectal cancer presented with the lowest concentrations of ascorbate and retinol. A positive correlation was observed between plasma concentration of ascorbate and levels of two epigenetic modifications, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethyluracil in leukocyte DNA. Moreover, a significant difference was found in the levels of these modifications in patients whose plasma concentrations of ascorbate were below the lower and above the upper quartile for the control group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that deficiency of ascorbate in the blood may be a marker of its shortage in other tissues, which in turn may correspond to deterioration of DNA methylation-demethylation. These observations may provide a rationale for further research on blood biomarkers of colorectal cancer development.

Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography in Crohn's Disease Diagnostics.

The chronic nature of Crohn's disease (CD) implicates necessity of multiple control assessments throughout patient's life. It is accepted that in patients with CD requiring disease monitoring, magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) and computed tomography enterography (CTE) are--apart from endoscopy--imaging studies of first choice. In practice, diagnostic imaging of patients with CD is troublesome, since MRE is an expensive and complicated study, and CTE exposes patients to high doses of ionizing radiation. Therefore, there is a need for new, both non-invasive and effective, methods of imaging in CD. Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography (CEUS) is a relatively new method using gas-filled microbubbles serving as contrast agent. It allows for detailed assessment of blood perfusion within intestine wall and peri-intestinal tissues, which enables detection and monitoring of inflammation and its qualitative assessment. The purpose of this paper is to describe CEUS examination technique and its clinical applications in patients with Crohn's disease.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for the determination of Crohn's disease activity - preliminary experience.

BACKGROUND: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a recent non-invasive modality, which may partially replace currently used techniques (endoscopy, CT enterography and MR enterography) in the diagnostics and assessment of Crohn's disease (CD). The aim of the study was to analyze early experience in the use of CEUS for the measurement of activity and staging of CD. MATERIAL/METHODS: Eleven patients previously diagnosed with CD were included in the study. They underwent contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (SonoVue, Bracco), low-dose CT enterography (LDCTE), assessment of laboratory markers of inflammation and clinical CD activity index (CDAI). Contrast enhancement was evaluated using a semi-quantitative method and a quantitative method that included measurement of peak enhancement (PE), enhancement curve rise time (RT) and wash-in-rate (WiR). RESULTS: Ileal wall thickening was observed in all patients. Semi-quantitative method was used to observe CD activity in CEUS in 10 cases that perfectly matched LDCTE findings. There was a moderate positive correlation between PE and CDAI (r=0.65, p<0.001). There was no significant relationship between perfusion parameters and laboratory markers of inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: CEUS is a promising modality for non-invasive assessment of pathologic ileal vascularization in the course of Crohn's disease. Intensity of enhancement in CEUS reflects activity of the disease detected in LDCTE and correlates with CDAI.

Real-world effectiveness and safety of vedolizumab induction therapy for ulcerative colitis: A prospective nationwide Polish observational study.

BACKGROUND: Vedolizumab is recommended as a first-line biological treatment, along with other biological drugs, in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients in whom conventional therapy failed and as a second-line biological treatment following a failure of a tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) antagonist. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess the real-world effectiveness and safety of vedolizumab induction therapy in UC patients treated in the scope of the National Drug Program (NDP) in Poland. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The endpoints were the proportions of patients who reached clinical response, clinical remission and mucosal healing at week 14. Partial Mayo scores, Mayo subscores and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were also evaluated. RESULTS: Our study population consisted of 100 patients (55 biologic-naïve and 45 biologic-exposed). The median total Mayo score at baseline was 10 (interquartile range (IQR): 9-11), and 52 patients (52%) had extensive colitis. The clinical response at week 14 was achieved in 83 (83%) and clinical remission in 24 (24%) cases. Mucosal healing was observed in 56 (62%) patients at week 14. In patients with prior failure of biologic treatment (n = 25), 17 (68%) responded to vedolizumab treatment. A decrease in the median CRP level (from 3.7 mg/L to 2.6 mg/L) and the median total Mayo score (from 10 to 4) was observed. No new safety concerns were recorded and no patients discontinued the treatment due to adverse events (AEs). CONCLUSIONS: Vedolizumab was effective and safe as induction therapy for UC in a Polish real-world population including patients with severely active UC and a low number of patients with prior biological treatment failures.

Determining the optimal treatment target in patients with ulcerative colitis: rationale, design, protocol and interim analysis for the randomised controlled VERDICT trial.

INTRODUCTION: Symptoms, endoscopy and histology have been proposed as therapeutic targets in ulcerative colitis (UC). Observational studies suggest that the achievement of histologic remission may be associated with a lower risk of complications, compared with the achievement of endoscopic remission alone. The actiVE ulcerative colitis, a RanDomIsed Controlled Trial (VERDICT) aims to determine the optimal treatment target in patients with UC. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: In this multicentre, prospective randomised study, 660 patients with moderate to severe UC (Mayo rectal bleeding subscore [RBS] ≥1; Mayo endoscopic score [MES] ≥2) are randomly assigned to three treatment targets: corticosteroid-free symptomatic remission (Mayo RBS=0) (group 1); corticosteroid-free endoscopic remission (MES ≤1) and symptomatic remission (group 2); or corticosteroid-free histologic remission (Geboes score <2B.0), endoscopic remission and symptomatic remission (group 3). Treatment is escalated using vedolizumab according to a treatment algorithm that is dependent on the patient's baseline UC therapy until the target is achieved at weeks 16, 32 or 48. The primary outcome, the time from target achievement to a UC-related complication, will be compared between groups 1 and 3 using a Cox proportional hazards model. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study was approved by ethics committees at the country level or at individual sites as per individual country requirements. A full list of ethics committees is available on request. Study results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and at scientific meetings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: EudraCT: 2019-002485-12; NCT04259138.

Successful Use of an Exclusion Diet with Partial Enteral Nutrition in a Patient After Total Gastrectomy: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is the 5th most common malignancy worldwide. Treatment consists of excision of the entire stomach. Malnutrition is a common problem in patients diagnosed with gastric cancer and has a negative impact on the course of treatment and the quality of life. CASE REPORT The paper presents a case report of a patient after total gastrectomy performed on 11/04/2016 due to G3 mucocellulare carcinoma. The patient had been on home parenteral nutrition for 2.5 years due to chronic malnutrition. After this period of time, an attempt was made to introduce an exclusion diet with the addition of Modulen IBD (Nestle Health Science), which is routinely used in the nutritional treatment of patients with Crohn's disease, with simultaneous discontinuation of parenteral nutrition. After 3 months, the patient was readmitted to the hospital to assess his nutritional status. He continued the diet as recommended. He maintained his body weight and reported improvement in eating habits. CONCLUSIONS In the described case, the patient presented with symptoms of impaired bowel function resulting from long-term cessation of oral nutrition. It is possible that the nutritional and immunomodulatory effect of Modulen, in combination with the anti-inflammatory elimination diet, resulted in better nutrition of intestinal epithelial cells and gradual improvement of intestinal motility and absorption, which in turn enabled the patient to completely withdraw from parenteral nutrition. We propose that this type of nutritional management could also be considered in other cases of intestinal dysfunction.

Mucosal p-STAT1/3 correlates with histologic disease activity in Crohn's disease and is responsive to filgotinib.

The validity and relevance of histologic disease activity in Crohn's disease (CD) is unclear, owing to disconnects with endoscopic pathology. Here, we explore relationships between endoscopic, histologic, and molecular activity. This post hoc analysis of the Phase 2 FITZROY trial (NCT02048618) assessed baseline and week 10 (W10) inflammation across matched ileal and colonic segments in CD patients receiving filgotinib 200 mg (n = 42) vs placebo (n = 18). Macroscopic and microscopic disease were assessed by Simple Endoscopic Score for CD ulceration subscore (uSES-CD) and Global Histologic Activity Score activity subscore (aGHAS), respectively. Molecular activity was quantified by phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription (pSTAT)1 and pSTAT3 in epithelium and nonepithelium. Segments were classified as "low" or "high" activity; correlations and concordance were calculated. Logistic regression identified W10 outcome predictors. Overall, 300 segments in 60 patients were assessed. Baseline uSES-CD and aGHAS correlations were 0.72 and 0.53 in colon and ileum, respectively. pSTAT levels had poor-to-moderate concordance with uSES-CD (κ range, 0.11-0.49) but moderate-to-good concordance with aGHAS (0.43-0.77). With filgotinib vs placebo, uSES-CD and aGHAS decreased in significantly more segments with high baseline uSES-CD and aGHAS, and significantly more segments with high baseline pSTAT improved at W10. pSTAT1 was more sensitive to change than uSES-CD and aGHAS. Low baseline pSTAT3 in colon nonepithelium predicted W10 low uSES-CD (P = .044). There was better concordance between histologic and molecular disease activity associated with higher sensitivity to change vs endoscopic severity in ileocolonic CD. Our results suggest histologic activity be included in the assessment of CD inflammatory burden.

Guidelines for the management of ulcerative colitis. Recommendations of the Polish Society of Gastroenterology and the Polish National Consultant in Gastroenterology.

This paper is an update of the diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations of the National Consultant for Gastroenterology and the Polish Society of Gastroenterology from 2013. It contains 49 recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment, both pharmacological and surgical, of ulcerative colitis in adults. The guidelines were developed by a group of experts appointed by the Polish Society of Gastroenterology and the National Consultant in the field of Gastroenterology. The methodology related to the GRADE methodology was used to assess the quality of available evidence and the strength of therapeutic recommendations. The degree of expert support for the proposed statements was assessed on a 6-point Likert scale. Voting results, together with comments, are included with each statement.

Real-world outcomes of 54-week vedolizumab therapy and response durability after treatment discontinuation in ulcerative colitis: results from a multicenter prospective POLONEZ study.

Background: Vedolizumab is a gut-selective anti-lymphocyte trafficking agent used to treat ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and durability of the therapeutic effect of vedolizumab after treatment discontinuation in a real-world cohort of patients with UC treated in Poland. Design: This was a multicenter, prospective study involving patients with moderate to severely active UC from 12 centers in Poland who qualified for reimbursed treatment with vedolizumab between February and November 2019. Methods: The primary endpoints were clinical response (⩾2-point improvement from baseline on partial Mayo score) and clinical remission (partial Mayo score 0-1), including steroid-free remission, at week 54. Other outcomes included response durability at 26 weeks after treatment discontinuation, identification of predictors of response and remission, and safety assessment. Results: In all, 100 patients with UC were enrolled (55 biologic naïve and 45 biologic exposed). At baseline, 68% of patients were on corticosteroids and 45% on immunomodulators. Clinical response was observed in 62% of patients, clinical remission in 50%, and steroid-free remission in 42.6% at week 54. Within 26 weeks after treatment discontinuation, 37% of patients who maintained response by week 54 relapsed. The decreased number of liquid stools and rectal bleeding and endoscopic response at week 14 were predictive factors for response at week 54. Time from diagnosis ranging 2-5 years, decreased stool frequency, and non-concomitant use of corticosteroids at baseline and at week 14 were predictive factors for remission at week 54. Partial Mayo score < 3 with no subscale score > 1 at week 54 was a predictive factor for durable response after treatment discontinuation. The rate of serious adverse events related to treatment was 3.63 per 100 patient-years. Conclusion: Vedolizumab is effective and safe in UC treatment in Polish patients. However, the relapse rate after the treatment cessation was high. Registration: ENCePP (EUPAS34119).

Profile of homeless people in emergency departments.

OBJECTIVES: For homeless people, emergency departments (ED) are the place of medical care and satisfying physiological, safety and social needs. The treatment of the homeless in EDs is a common issue in many countries. The aim of study was to analyze selected parameters of health care to homeless people in EDs. The authors examined the frequency and the seasonality of admissions, their causes, stay duration, insurance status, and the type of radiological diagnostics performed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of stays of homeless patients in 3 EDs in one of the largest cities in Poland in 2013-2015 was carried out. Patients were qualified to the population of homeless people based of their registering in ED. Data was obtained on the total number of homeless patients' stays in all 3 EDs, which amounted to 3133. RESULTS: During the 3 years of analysis: 1042 homeless individuals were identified staying 3133 times in EDs; 46.3% of the stays concerned uninsured homeless people; 31% were under influence of alcohol. On average, men used ED services 3 times, while women only twice. No significant seasonality of admissions was observed. Homeless people were admitted mainly for mental disorders and head injuries. Radiological tests were performed 1577 times, including 83% being CT scans. On average, women and those >30 stayed in EDs for the shortest time. The hospital wards admitted 9.3% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Almost half of homeless patients repeatedly use ED services, regardless of the season. A patient's stay typically lasts 6 h. Half of them were uninsured. The main reasons for admission include mental and behavioral disorders, mostly due to alcohol use and head injuries. The primary radiological diagnostics used were CT scans. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2022;35(2):157-67.

Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of the Anti-Mucosal Addressin Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Monoclonal Antibody Ontamalimab (SHP647) for the Treatment of Crohn's Disease: The OPERA II Study.

BACKGROUND: Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) experience intestinal inflammation. Ontamalimab (SHP647), a fully human immunoglobulin G2 monoclonal antibody against mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1, is a potential novel CD treatment. OPERA II, a multicenter, open-label, phase 2 extension study, assessed the long-term safety and efficacy of ontamalimab in patients with moderate-to-severe CD. METHODS: Patients had completed 12 weeks of blinded treatment (placebo or ontamalimab at 22.5, 75, or 225 mg subcutaneously) in OPERA (NCT01276509) or had a clinical response to ontamalimab 225 mg in TOSCA (NCT01387594). Participants received ontamalimab at 75 mg every 4 weeks (weeks 0-72), then were followed up every 4 weeks for 24 weeks. One-time dose reduction to 22.5 mg or escalation to 225 mg was permitted at the investigator's discretion. The primary end points were safety and tolerability outcomes. Secondary end points included changes in serum drug and biomarker concentrations. Efficacy end points were exploratory, and used non-responder imputation methods. RESULTS: Overall, 149/268 patients completed the study. The most common adverse event leading to study discontinuation was CD flare (19.8%). Two patients died; neither death was considered to be drug related. No dose reductions occurred; 157 patients had their dose escalated. Inflammatory biomarker concentrations decreased. Serum ontamalimab levels were consistent with known pharmacokinetics. Remission rates (Harvey-Bradshaw Index [HBI] ≤ 5; baseline, 48.1%; week 72, 37.3%) and response rates (baseline [decrease in Crohn's Disease Activity Index ≥ 70 points], 63.1%; week 72 [decrease in HBI ≥ 3], 42.5%) decreased gradually. CONCLUSIONS: Ontamalimab was well tolerated; treatment responses appeared to be sustained over 72 weeks.ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01298492.

Antitumor Necrosis Factor-like Ligand 1A Therapy Targets Tissue Inflammation and Fibrosis Pathways and Reduces Gut Pathobionts in Ulcerative Colitis.

BACKGROUND: The first-in-class treatment PF-06480605 targets the tumor necrosis factor-like ligand 1A (TL1A) molecule in humans. Results from the phase 2a TUSCANY trial highlighted the safety and efficacy of PF-06480605 in ulcerative colitis. Preclinical and in vitro models have identified a role for TL1A in both innate and adaptive immune responses, but the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of anti-TL1A treatment in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are not known. METHODS: Here, we provide analysis of tissue transcriptomic, peripheral blood proteomic, and fecal metagenomic data from the recently completed phase 2a TUSCANY trial and demonstrate endoscopic improvement post-treatment with PF-06480605 in participants with ulcerative colitis. RESULTS: Our results revealed robust TL1A target engagement in colonic tissue and a distinct colonic transcriptional response reflecting a reduction in inflammatory T helper 17 cell, macrophage, and fibrosis pathways in patients with endoscopic improvement. Proteomic analysis of peripheral blood revealed a corresponding decrease in inflammatory T-cell cytokines. Finally, microbiome analysis showed significant changes in IBD-associated pathobionts, Streptococcus salivarius, S. parasanguinis, and Haemophilus parainfluenzae post-therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The ability of PF-06480605 to engage and inhibit colonic TL1A, targeting inflammatory T cell and fibrosis pathways, provides the first-in-human mechanistic data to guide anti-TL1A therapy for the treatment of IBD.

Improvement in health-related quality of life after therapy with omeprazole in patients with coronary artery disease and recurrent angina-like chest pain. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the SF-36 survey.

BACKGROUND: Many patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) have overlapping gastroenterological causes of recurrent chest pain, mainly due to gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and aspirin-induced gastrointestinal tract damage. These symptoms can be alleviated by proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). The study addressed whether omeprazole treatment also affects general health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with CAD. STUDY: 48 patients with more than 50% narrowing of the coronary arteries on angiography without clinically overt gastrointestinal symptoms were studied. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study design, patients were randomized to take omeprazole 20 mg bid or a placebo for two weeks, and then crossed over to the other study arm. The SF-36 questionnaire was completed before treatment and again after two weeks of therapy. RESULTS: Patients treated with omeprazole in comparison to the subjects taking the placebo had significantly greater values for the SF-36 survey (which relates to both physical and mental health), as well as for bodily pain, general health perception, and physical health. In comparison to the baseline values, therapy with omeprazole led to a significant increase in the three summarized health components: total SF-36; physical and mental health; and in the following detailed health concept scores: physical functioning, limitations due to physical health problems, bodily pain and emotional well-being. CONCLUSIONS: A double dose of omeprazole improved the general HRQL in patients with CAD without severe gastrointestinal symptoms more effectively than the placebo.

Translation and validation of the inflammatory bowel disease fatigue (IBD-F) patient self-assessment questionnaire.

INTRODUCTION: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic gastrointestinal diseases with frequent systemic complications that are incurable according to current knowledge. These diseases adversely affect various areas of life, lowering patients' quality of life. One of the most frequently reported symptoms is fatigue. AIM: Translation and validation of the IBD-F patient self-assessment scale with a Polish IBD population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: After consent from the author of the questionnaire had been obtained, the questionnaire was translated using the forward- and back-translation method. After arriving at the final Polish version of the questionnaire and ensuring that the questions and statements were comprehensible, the questionnaire was validated with a group of 129 IBD patients. RESULTS: High values of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were achieved for overall results in both parts of the IBD-F questionnaire between test and retest (values exceeding 0.75). A high Cronbach's α consistency coefficient was achieved for the entire IBD-F questionnaire, both in the test and in the retest (0.968 and 0.975, respectively). Broken down into parts, Cronbach's α coefficient for Section I (presence and severity of fatigue) of the IBD-F questionnaire was 0.883, and for Section II (impact of fatigue on the person's life) it was 0.966. All patients evaluating the Polish version of the IBD-F questionnaire deemed the content of the questions comprehensible. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of the results obtained, the Polish version of the IBD-F questionnaire was considered valid, reliable, and clinically useful.

Management of Patient with Simultaneous Overt Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Myocardial Infarction with ST-Segment Elevation - Priority Endoscopy.

BACKGROUND: The current ERC guidelines are the source of many positive changes, reduction of mortality, length of hospitalization and improvement of prognosis of STEMI patients. However, there is a small group of patients whose slight modification in guidelines would further reduce in-hospital mortality and hospitalization costs. These are patients with concomitant STEMI infarction and gastrointestinal bleeding. METHODS: Two separate methods of treatment were compared in patients with concomitant gastrointestinal bleeding and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. The first - traditional approach, in the line with the ESC guidelines, the second innovative, with priority for endoscopy. RESULTS: Despite the innovative approach, the patient with endoscopy before PCI was discharged without complication. A patient who has undergone coronary intervention and who has been started on typical antiplatelet therapy prior to gastroenterological diagnosis has died due to massive bleeding. CONCLUSION: For ethical reasons and in connection with the cardiological guidelines of the management of ACS, a study of patients with ASC a high risk of intestinal bleeding, in which endoscopy will have priority, and only later PCI, will probably never be performed. Although, as the described case shows, despite exceeding the 90 minutes time to implement PCI (<120 minutes) in logistic terms such behavior is completely feasible.