RESUMEN
Differential diagnosis is sometimes difficult in practical psychiatric settings, in terms of using the current diagnostic system based on presenting symptoms and signs. The creation of a novel diagnostic system using objective biomarkers is expected to take place. Neuroimaging studies and others reported that subcortical brain structures are the hubs for various psycho-behavioral functions, while there are so far no neuroimaging data-driven clinical criteria overcoming limitations of the current diagnostic system, which would reflect cognitive/social functioning. Prior to the main analysis, we conducted a large-scale multisite study of subcortical volumetric and lateralization alterations in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and autism spectrum disorder using T1-weighted images of 5604 subjects (3078 controls and 2526 patients). We demonstrated larger lateral ventricles volume in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder, smaller hippocampus volume in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia-specific smaller amygdala, thalamus, and accumbens volumes and larger caudate, putamen, and pallidum volumes. In addition, we observed a leftward alteration of lateralization for pallidum volume specifically in schizophrenia. Moreover, as our main objective, we clustered the 5,604 subjects based on subcortical volumes, and explored whether data-driven clustering results can explain cognitive/social functioning in the subcohorts. We showed a four-biotype classification, namely extremely (Brain Biotype [BB] 1) and moderately smaller limbic regions (BB2), larger basal ganglia (BB3), and normal volumes (BB4), being associated with cognitive/social functioning. Specifically, BB1 and BB2-3 were associated with severe and mild cognitive/social impairment, respectively, while BB4 was characterized by normal cognitive/social functioning. Our results may lead to the future creation of novel biological data-driven psychiatric diagnostic criteria, which may be expected to be useful for prediction or therapeutic selection.
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According to the operational diagnostic criteria, psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are classified based on symptoms. While its cluster of symptoms defines each of these psychiatric disorders, there is also an overlap in symptoms between the disorders. We hypothesized that there are also similarities and differences in cortical structural neuroimaging features among these psychiatric disorders. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed for 5,549 subjects recruited from 14 sites. Effect sizes were determined using a linear regression model within each protocol, and these effect sizes were meta-analyzed. The similarity of the differences in cortical thickness and surface area of each disorder group was calculated using cosine similarity, which was calculated from the effect sizes of each cortical regions. The thinnest cortex was found in SZ, followed by BD and MDD. The cosine similarity values between disorders were 0.943 for SZ and BD, 0.959 for SZ and MDD, and 0.943 for BD and MDD, which indicated that a common pattern of cortical thickness alterations was found among SZ, BD, and MDD. Additionally, a generally smaller cortical surface area was found in SZ and MDD than in BD, and the effect was larger in SZ. The cosine similarity values between disorders were 0.945 for SZ and MDD, 0.867 for SZ and ASD, and 0.811 for MDD and ASD, which indicated a common pattern of cortical surface area alterations among SZ, MDD, and ASD. Patterns of alterations in cortical thickness and surface area were revealed in the four major psychiatric disorders. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a cross-disorder analysis conducted on four major psychiatric disorders. Cross-disorder brain imaging research can help to advance our understanding of the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders and common symptoms.
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Trastorno del Espectro Autista , Trastorno Bipolar , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor , Trastornos Mentales , Humanos , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/diagnóstico por imagen , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/patología , Trastorno del Espectro Autista/diagnóstico por imagen , Trastorno del Espectro Autista/patología , Trastorno Bipolar/diagnóstico por imagen , Trastorno Bipolar/patología , Trastornos Mentales/patología , Corteza Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Corteza Cerebral/patología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodosRESUMEN
AIM: Increasing evidence suggests that psychiatric disorders are linked to alterations in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine-related circuits. However, the common and disease-specific alterations remain to be examined in schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Thus, this study aimed to examine common and disease-specific features related to mesocorticolimbic circuits. METHODS: This study included 555 participants from four institutes with five scanners: 140 individuals with SCZ (45.0% female), 127 individuals with MDD (44.9%), 119 individuals with ASD (15.1%), and 169 healthy controls (HC) (34.9%). All participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. A parametric empirical Bayes approach was adopted to compare estimated effective connectivity among groups. Intrinsic effective connectivity focusing on the mesocorticolimbic dopamine-related circuits including the ventral tegmental area (VTA), shell and core parts of the nucleus accumbens (NAc), and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were examined using a dynamic causal modeling analysis across these psychiatric disorders. RESULTS: The excitatory shell-to-core connectivity was greater in all patients than in the HC group. The inhibitory shell-to-VTA and shell-to-mPFC connectivities were greater in the ASD group than in the HC, MDD, and SCZ groups. Furthermore, the VTA-to-core and VTA-to-shell connectivities were excitatory in the ASD group, while those connections were inhibitory in the HC, MDD, and SCZ groups. CONCLUSION: Impaired signaling in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine-related circuits could be an underlying neuropathogenesis of various psychiatric disorders. These findings will improve the understanding of unique neural alternations of each disorder and will facilitate identification of effective therapeutic targets.
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Trastorno del Espectro Autista , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor , Trastornos Mentales , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/diagnóstico por imagen , Dopamina , Teorema de Bayes , Vías Nerviosas/diagnóstico por imagen , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Corteza Prefrontal/diagnóstico por imagen , Trastornos Mentales/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Upper airway stenosis is one of the most formidable situations in medicine and is frequently encountered in the ENT clinic. We introduce here our method of emergency endonasal endotracheal intubation under videoendoscopic observation. METHODS: Transnasal endoscopic observation was done, and the region of airway stenosis was detected. Then, the endotracheal tube was prepared and the endoscope was inserted into the tube. The endoscope with tube was inserted up to the larynx. Immediately after the administration of lidocaine to the larynx, the endoscope with tube was inserted to the endolarynx and then to the trachea. The endotracheal tube was tightly held in the nostril, and the endoscope was removed. RESULTS: We have encountered four cases this year. The primary disease developing airway stenosis was acute epiglottitis due to pharyngeal and deep neck abscesses in three cases and laryngeal edema due to Ludwig's angina. All patients underwent uneventful intubation, and dyspnea was immediately ceased. CONCLUSION: In cases showing severe suffocation, the clinician should perform airway maintenance even in an outpatient setting apart from a more monitored setting like the operation room. This technique resembles the usual nasal endoscopic laryngeal observation and is done even in the usual ENT office and/or emergency room. The supine position tends to worsen airway stenosis in patients with upper airway stenosis; however, this technique can be performed in a sitting or semi-sitting position. This method is less invasive for patients and also reduces the risk to the medical staff, especially in this COVID-19 era.
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Disnea/terapia , Endoscopía/métodos , Intubación Intratraqueal/métodos , Laringoestenosis/terapia , Estenosis Traqueal/terapia , Grabación en Video , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Disnea/etiología , Epiglotitis/complicaciones , Femenino , Humanos , Edema Laríngeo/complicaciones , Laringoestenosis/etiología , Masculino , Estenosis Traqueal/etiologíaRESUMEN
Regeneration of lost organs involves complex processes, including host defense from infection and rebuilding of lost tissues. We previously reported that Xenopus neuronal pentraxin I (xNP1) is expressed preferentially in regenerating Xenopus laevis tadpole tails. To evaluate xNP1 function in tail regeneration, and also in tail development, we analyzed xNP1 expression in tailbud embryos and regenerating/healing tails following tail amputation in the 'regeneration' period, as well as in the 'refractory' period, when tadpoles lose their tail regenerative ability. Within 10 h after tail amputation, xNP1 was induced at the amputation site regardless of the tail regenerative ability, suggesting that xNP1 functions in acute phase responses. xNP1 was widely expressed in regenerating tails, but not in the tail buds of tailbud embryos, suggesting its possible role in the immune response/healing after an injury. xNP1 expression was also observed in neural tissues/primordia in tailbud embryos and in the spinal cord in regenerating/healing tails in both periods, implying its possible roles in neural development or function. Moreover, during the first 48 h after amputation, xNP1 expression was sustained at the spinal cord of tails in the 'regeneration' period tadpoles, but not in the 'refractory' period tadpoles, suggesting that xNP1 expression at the spinal cord correlates with regeneration. Our findings suggest that xNP1 is involved in both acute phase responses and neural development/functions, which is unique compared to mammalian pentraxins whose family members are specialized in either acute phase responses or neural functions.
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Proteína C-Reactiva/biosíntesis , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Regeneración Nerviosa , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/biosíntesis , Regeneración de la Medula Espinal , Cola (estructura animal)/embriología , Amputación Quirúrgica , Animales , Proteína C-Reactiva/genética , Larva , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/genética , Xenopus laevisRESUMEN
Nondestructive evaluation of photosynthesis is a valuable tool in the field and laboratory. Delayed luminescence (DL) can reflect charge recombination through the backflow of electrons. However, DL detection has not yet been adapted for whole plants in Petri dishes. To compensate for differences in DL decay between sibling Arabidopsis plants grown under the same conditions, we developed a time-sequential double measurement method. Using this method, we examined the influence of photosynthetic electron flow inhibitors, and differences in the DL decay curves were categorized by considering the initial and late phases of the decay curves, as well as their intermediate slopes. The appearance of concavity and convexity in DL curves in Arabidopsis was different from unicellular algae, suggesting complexity in the photosynthetic machinery of higher plants. This detection method should be invaluable for evaluating photosynthetic defects in higher plants under sterile conditions without interrupting plant culture.
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Arabidopsis/fisiología , Fotosíntesis , Arabidopsis/crecimiento & desarrollo , LuminiscenciaRESUMEN
We investigated the effects of geranium essential oil (GEO) on anaphylaxis. GEO can exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, but its roles in allergic reactions are incompletely understood. Here, we used mouse cells to show that GEO inhibited the degranulation of cultured mast cells (CMCs). Citronellol is the major component of GEO and inhibited CMC degranulation. The l-enantiomer of citronellol more effectively suppressed CMC degranulation than did d-citronellol. We also examined whether citronellol could inhibit the immunoglobulin (Ig) E-induced production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Treatment with various concentrations of citronellol before CMC activation with IgE significantly inhibited the induction of TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, citronellol suppressed the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK), which is critical for ERK activation and the production of inflammatory cytokines in mast cells. These findings suggest that citronellol may represent a candidate compound for the effective treatment of allergic diseases.
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Degranulación de la Célula/efectos de los fármacos , Geranium/química , Mastocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Monoterpenos/farmacología , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Monoterpenos Acíclicos , Animales , Citocinas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/inmunología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Quinasas MAP Reguladas por Señal Extracelular/antagonistas & inhibidores , Quinasas MAP Reguladas por Señal Extracelular/genética , Quinasas MAP Reguladas por Señal Extracelular/inmunología , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Inmunoglobulina E/farmacología , Masculino , Mastocitos/citología , Mastocitos/inmunología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Fosforilación , Phytolacca americana/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Estereoisomerismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/genética , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Water wettabilities of hydrophilic-hydrophobic nanohybrid silica thin films were investigated by contact angles of extremely small size water droplets (8 pL-1 nL) and using an antifog analyzer. The nanohybrid silica was prepared via our unique sol-gel process based on tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) and metyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) with a hydroxyacetone catalyst, in which hydrophilic portion was generated from hydrolysis of microporous silica prepared from TMOS and hydrophobic portion was directly prepared from MTMS. The sizes of these domains were controlled by the growth time of the microporous precursor polymers in solution. The hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains in the nanohybrid surface were visualized and confirmed by a lateral-mode friction force microscopy using the cantilever modified with self-assembled monolayers of mercaptohexadecanol. Using a small size of water droplets (< 100 pL), the contact angles for the nanohybrid silica films were lower than those for the wholly hydrophilic silica. The small size of the water droplet has a characteristic effect on the lower contact angle on the nanohybrid silica. The contact angles using the small size 70 pL of the water droplet on the nanohybrid silica films at [MTMS]/[TMOS] ratios from 0.25 to 0.75 were lower than those using the conventional size 2 microL. The dependence of the [MTMS]/[TMOS] ratio in the preparation on the antifog parameter was similar to that on the contact angle using the small size 70 pL of the water droplet. The use of the small water droplet for the contact angle measurement was suitable for the evaluation of the antifog films.
RESUMEN
Carbonyl stress is a condition featuring increased rich reactive carbonyl compounds, which facilitate the formation of advanced glycation end products including pentosidine. We previously reported the relationship between enhanced carbonyl stress and disrupted white matter integrity in schizophrenia, although which microstructural component is disrupted remained unclear. In this study, 32 patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) and 45 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers (HC) were recruited. We obtained blood samples for carbonyl stress markers (plasma pentosidine and serum pyridoxal) and multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging measures of white matter microstructures including apparent axonal density (intra-cellular volume fraction (ICVF)) and orientation (orientation dispersion index (ODI)), and inflammation (free water (FW)). In SCZ, the plasma pentosidine level was significantly increased. Group comparison revealed that mean white matter values were decreased for ICVF, and increased for FW. We found a significant negative correlation between the plasma pentosidine level and mean ICVF values in SCZ, and a significant negative correlation between the serum pyridoxal level and mean ODI value in HC, regardless of age. Our results suggest an association between enhanced carbonyl stress and axonal abnormality in SCZ.
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Esquizofrenia , Sustancia Blanca , Humanos , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico por imagen , Sustancia Blanca/diagnóstico por imagen , Piridoxal , Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada , AxonesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS: Dynamics of the distributed sets of functionally synchronized brain regions, known as large-scale networks, are essential for the emotional state and cognitive processes. However, few studies were performed to elucidate the aberrant dynamics across the large-scale networks across multiple psychiatric disorders. In this paper, we aimed to investigate dynamic aspects of the aberrancy of the causal connections among the large-scale networks of the multiple psychiatric disorders. STUDY DESIGN: We applied dynamic causal modeling (DCM) to the large-sample multi-site dataset with 739 participants from 4 imaging sites including 4 different groups, healthy controls, schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BD), to compare the causal relationships among the large-scale networks, including visual network, somatomotor network (SMN), dorsal attention network (DAN), salience network (SAN), limbic network (LIN), frontoparietal network, and default mode network. STUDY RESULTS: DCM showed that the decreased self-inhibitory connection of LIN was the common aberrant connection pattern across psychiatry disorders. Furthermore, increased causal connections from LIN to multiple networks, aberrant self-inhibitory connections of DAN and SMN, and increased self-inhibitory connection of SAN were disorder-specific patterns for SCZ, MDD, and BD, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: DCM revealed that LIN was the core abnormal network common to psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, DCM showed disorder-specific abnormal patterns of causal connections across the 7 networks. Our findings suggested that aberrant dynamics among the large-scale networks could be a key biomarker for these transdiagnostic psychiatric disorders.
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Trastorno Bipolar , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor , Humanos , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/diagnóstico por imagen , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Trastorno Bipolar/diagnóstico por imagen , Mapeo Encefálico/métodosRESUMEN
Mcm2-7 complexes are loaded onto chromatin with the aid of Cdt1 and Cdc18/Cdc6 and form prereplicative complexes (pre-RCs) at multiple sites on each chromosome. Pre-RCs are essential for DNA replication and surviving replication stress. However, the mechanism by which pre-RCs contribute to surviving replication stress is largely unknown. Here, we isolated the fission yeast mcm6-S1 mutant that was hypersensitive to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and camptothecin (CPT), both of which cause forks to collapse. The mcm6-S1 mutation impaired the interaction with Cdt1 and decreased the binding of minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins to replication origins. Overexpression of Cdt1 restored MCM binding and suppressed the sensitivity to MMS and CPT, suggesting that the Cdt1-Mcm6 interaction is important for the assembly of pre-RCs and the repair of collapsed forks. MMS-induced Chk1 phosphorylation and Rad22/Rad52 focus formation occurred normally, whereas cells containing Rhp54/Rad54 foci, which are involved in DNA strand exchange and dissociation of the joint molecules, were increased. Remarkably, G(1) phase extension through deletion of an S phase cyclin, Cig2, as well as Cdt1 overexpression restored pre-RC assembly and suppressed Rhp54 accumulation. A cdc18 mutation also caused hypersensitivity to MMS and CPT and accumulation of Rhp54 foci. These data suggest that an abundance of pre-RCs facilitates a late step in the recombinational repair of collapsed forks in the following S phase.
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ADN de Hongos/biosíntesis , Fase G1/fisiología , Complejos Multiproteicos/metabolismo , Fase S/fisiología , Proteínas de Schizosaccharomyces pombe/metabolismo , Schizosaccharomyces/metabolismo , ADN de Hongos/genética , Regulación Fúngica de la Expresión Génica/fisiología , Complejos Multiproteicos/genética , Mutación , Fosforilación , Schizosaccharomyces/genética , Proteínas de Schizosaccharomyces pombe/genéticaRESUMEN
Loss-of-function mutations of flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3), the enzyme responsible for trimethylamine N-oxygenation, cause the inherited disorder trimethylaminuria, or fish odor syndrome. The aim of this study was to further investigate the inter-individual variations of FMO3 activity in a Japanese cohort that we had studied previously. The subjects were 640 Japanese volunteers with self-reported trimethylaminuria; genomic DNA was sequenced in those that had 10-70% FMO3 metabolic capacity in urine tests. A heterozygote for the novel single nucleotide substitution p.Ile441Thr (proband 1) and a heterozygote for the novel single nucleotide substitution p.Ser195Leu (proband 2) were identified. The biological parents of probands 1 and 2 were heterozygous and had >90% trimethylamine N-oxygenation metabolic capacity. In addition, single nucleotide substitutions p.Val58Ile, p.Pro70Leu, and p.Gly421Val in FMO3 were found in probands 3-7. In the course of DNA sequencing, another FMO3 variant, p.Thr488Ala, was found in two unrelated heterozygous subjects. Variant FMO3 proteins recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli membranes exhibited decreased activity toward typical FMO3 substrates. Although the allele frequencies of these six novel variants were low (<1%), the present results suggest that individuals homozygous or heterozygous for any of the six novel missense FMO3 variants or known nonsense mutations such as p.Cys197stop or p.Arg500stop may possess abnormal trimethylamine N-oxygenation.
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Errores Innatos del Metabolismo/genética , Mutación , Oxigenasas/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Adulto , Alelos , Preescolar , Análisis Mutacional de ADN , Escherichia coli/genética , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Heterocigoto , Homocigoto , Humanos , Lactante , Japón/epidemiología , Errores Innatos del Metabolismo/enzimología , Errores Innatos del Metabolismo/epidemiología , Metilaminas/metabolismo , Metilaminas/orina , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oxigenasas/metabolismo , Linaje , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismoRESUMEN
We investigated the effects of water-soluble low-molecular-weight ß-(1,3-1,6) D-glucan isolated from Aureobasidium pullulans 1A1 strain black yeast (LMW-ß-glucan) on mast cell-mediated anaphylactic reactions. Although it is known that LMW-ß-glucan has anti-tumor, anti-metastatic and anti-stress effects, the roles of LMW-ß-glucan in immediate-type allergic reactions have not been fully investigated. We examined whether LMW-ß-glucan could inhibit mast cell degranulation and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA). LMW-ß-glucan dose-dependently inhibited the degranulation of both rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) and cultured mast cells (CMCs) activated by calcium ionophore A23187 or IgE. However, LMW-ß-glucan had no cytotoxicity towards RBL-2H3 cells and CMCs. Furthermore, orally administered LMW-ß-glucan inhibited the IgE-induced PCA reaction in mice. These results show LMW-ß-glucan to be a possible compound for the effective therapeutic treatment of allergic diseases.
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Ascomicetos/química , Degranulación de la Célula/efectos de los fármacos , Glucanos/química , Glucanos/farmacología , Mastocitos/citología , Anafilaxis Cutánea Pasiva/efectos de los fármacos , Agua/química , Administración Oral , Animales , Antialérgicos/administración & dosificación , Antialérgicos/química , Antialérgicos/aislamiento & purificación , Antialérgicos/farmacología , Células de la Médula Ósea/citología , Permeabilidad Capilar/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Glucanos/administración & dosificación , Glucanos/aislamiento & purificación , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunología , Mastocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Peso Molecular , Anafilaxis Cutánea Pasiva/inmunología , Ratas , SolubilidadRESUMEN
Depressive disorders contribute heavily to global disease burden; This is possibly because patients are often treated homogeneously, despite having heterogeneous symptoms with differing underlying neural mechanisms. A novel treatment that can directly influence the neural circuit relevant to an individual patient's subset of symptoms might more precisely and thus effectively aid in the alleviation of their specific symptoms. We tested this hypothesis in a proof-of-concept study using fMRI functional connectivity neurofeedback. We targeted connectivity between the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex/middle frontal gyrus and the left precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex, because this connection has been well-established as relating to a specific subset of depressive symptoms. Specifically, this connectivity has been shown in a data-driven manner to be less anticorrelated in patients with melancholic depression than in healthy controls. Furthermore, a posterior cingulate dominant state-which results in a loss of this anticorrelation-is expected to specifically relate to an increase in rumination symptoms such as brooding. In line with predictions, we found that, with neurofeedback training, the more a participant normalized this connectivity (restored the anticorrelation), the more related (depressive and brooding symptoms), but not unrelated (trait anxiety), symptoms were reduced. Because these results look promising, this paradigm next needs to be examined with a greater sample size and with better controls. Nonetheless, here we provide preliminary evidence for a correlation between the normalization of a neural network and a reduction in related symptoms. Showing their reproducibility, these results were found in two experiments that took place several years apart by different experimenters. Indicative of its potential clinical utility, effects of this treatment remained one-two months later.Clinical trial registration: Both experiments reported here were registered clinical trials (UMIN000015249, jRCTs052180169).
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Trastornos de Ansiedad/prevención & control , Conectoma/métodos , Depresión/prevención & control , Corteza Prefontal Dorsolateral/fisiología , Red Nerviosa/fisiología , Neurorretroalimentación/métodos , Adulto , Trastornos de Ansiedad/patología , Trastornos de Ansiedad/psicología , Mapeo Encefálico , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Depresión/patología , Depresión/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovenAsunto(s)
Ácido Ascórbico/análogos & derivados , Dermatitis Alérgica por Contacto/etiología , Glycyrrhiza/efectos adversos , Extractos Vegetales/efectos adversos , Preparaciones para Aclaramiento de la Piel/efectos adversos , Anciano , Ácido Ascórbico/efectos adversos , Dermatitis Alérgica por Contacto/diagnóstico , Femenino , Humanos , Pruebas del ParcheRESUMEN
This study investigated the effects of guarana seed extract (GSE) on an anti-allergic mechanism. GSE orally administered inhibited the anti-dinitrophenol IgE-induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction in mice. Furthermore, it inhibited the degranulation of rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells. It had no cytotoxicity on RBL-2H3 cells. These results show that GSE is a candidate for effective therapeutic material for allergic diseases.
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Degranulación de la Célula/efectos de los fármacos , Mastocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Anafilaxis Cutánea Pasiva/efectos de los fármacos , Paullinia/embriología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Semillas/química , Animales , Línea Celular Tumoral , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Mastocitos/citología , Ratas , Espectrofotometría UltravioletaRESUMEN
A 69-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of dysphagia. The diagnosis was double cancer with hypopharyngeal and esophageal carcinoma from upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination. Pathological examinations of the double cancer revealed moderately-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Computed tomography(CT)of the neck and abdomen showed metastases of the right neck and cardiac lymph nodes. Clinical stagings of the double cancer were Stage III (T1, N1, M0)in hypopharyngeal carcinoma and Stage III (T3, N1, M0)in esophageal carcinoma, respectively. He received radiation therapy in combination with chemotherapy using docetaxel(DOC), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)and nedaplatin(CDGP). After this combination chemoradiation therapy(CRT), the adverse event was grade 2 in leucopenia and grade 2 in gastrointestinal toxicity. Repeated macroscopic and histological examinations after CRT revealed disappearance of the hypopharyngeal and advanced esophageal carcinoma with lymph node metastasis, leading to a complete response(CR). He had maintained CR for the 20 months since undergoing CRT. This combination chemotherapy of DOC, 5-FU and CDGP with radiation may well be effective and tolerable for patients with double cancer of hypopharyngeal and esophageal carcinoma.
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Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Esofágicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hipofaríngeas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hipofaríngeas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Primarias Múltiples/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Primarias Múltiples/radioterapia , Anciano , Terapia Combinada , Docetaxel , Esofagoscopía , Fluorouracilo/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Neoplasias Hipofaríngeas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Hipofaríngeas/patología , Masculino , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Primarias Múltiples/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Primarias Múltiples/patología , Compuestos Organoplatinos/uso terapéutico , Inducción de Remisión , Taxoides/uso terapéutico , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
Regioselective C-H oxidation of aliphatic molecules with synthetic catalysts is challenging. We incorporated substrate-recognition sites into a ruthenium porphyrin-heteroaromatic N-oxide catalytic system in order to characterise its regioselectivity for the oxidation of alkanes. This substrate-recognition catalytic reaction exhibits high regioselectivity and high reaction efficiency.