[Campaigning the innovation and practice of anesthesia and perioperative management for elderly patients in China].

The aged population in China is rapidly increasing, but there is a relative lower anesthesia rate with surgical indication for elderly patients because of worry for higher morbidity and mortality. In past five years, Chinese anesthesiologists have made the tremendous efforts to change this situation in as follow aspects. Firstly, establishing the anesthesia and multidisciplinary evaluation system for elderly patients to improve preoperative functional status, and accelerating the postoperative rehabilitation process. Secondly, releasing the publications of perioperative experts consensus for elderly patients based on the high level clinical researches to highlight clinical practice in China. Thirdly, implementing online virtual MDT discussion of anesthesia and perioperative management for critical elderly patients to improve perioperative diagnosis and treatment level. Fourthly, making the innovation of clinical practice and management pathway to adopt to the ERAS' clinical requests for elderly patients, especially advanced aged patients.

Stathmin 1 promotes the progression of liver cancer through interacting with YAP1.

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to explore whether Hippo/YAP signaling pathway was involved in STMN1 (stathmin 1)-mediated liver cancer progression. PATIENTS AND METHODS: STMN1 expression patterns were determined by Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay (RT-PCR) and Western blotting. The relationship between STMN1 expression levels and the clinical features and the prognosis of patients with liver cancer were evaluated by χ2-test and student's t-test. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry and in vivo tumor formation assays were used to assess cell proliferation, apoptosis and tumorigenesis, respectively. Interaction between STMN1 and Yes associated protein (YAP1) was determined by immunoprecipitation (IP) and immunofluorescence technologies. RESULTS: The results showed that STMN1 expression in liver cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in the adjacent normal tissues and increased STMN1 expression predicted an advanced clinical process and short overall survival of patients. Cell proliferation was increased and apoptosis was decreased when STMN1 was upregulated in HepG2 and SNU-398 cells. Besides, our results demonstrated that the overexpression of STMN1 enhanced the tumorigenesis of liver cancer cells through upregulating YAP1. CONCLUSIONS: The current study demonstrates that STMN1 upregulation promotes the occurrence and development of liver cancer via activating YAP1 signaling. STMN1 overexpression may be an early event of liver carcinogenesis and it may be served as a marker for the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer.

Trends in drug-resistant tuberculosis in China: data from a clinical tuberculosis centre.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the trends in prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) among in-patients in Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing, China, using a 10-year retrospective study. DESIGN: From 2005 to 2014, 18 310 in-patients with TB were recruited for the study, most of whom were referrals; no distinction was made between new and previously treated cases. Drug susceptibility testing (DST) was performed in culture-positive cases using the proportion method to determine multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB). Risk factors associated with drug resistance were identified. RESULTS: A total of 5141 (28.0%) samples were culture-positive. DST results showed that 860 (16.7%) cases were MDR-TB and 176 (3.4%) were XDR-TB. MDR-TB and XDR-TB were detected in respectively 21.2% and 12.5% of new cases. The rate of MDR-TB and XDR-TB gradually increased from 2005, with MDR-TB reaching a peak in 2008 and XDR-TB in 2009. These data closely mirror national survey data on this region, patient age and occupation. CONCLUSION: Trends in MDR-TB and XDR-TB prevalence during the past decade and their inflection points were determined, which complemented reports from previous national surveys. This information is useful for fighting TB in China.

Induction of donor-specific unresponsiveness to cardiac allografts in rats by pretransplant anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody therapy.

In the present report a monoclonal antibody designated OX-38 directed against the rat CD4 molecule was tested for its ability to prolong the survival of heterotopic vascularized rat heart allografts transplanted across major histocompatibility barriers. Fluorescence-activated cell-sorter analysis showed that administration of OX-38 selectively depleted 80-95% of CD4+ cells from peripheral blood of treated rats. The immunosuppressive effects of OX-38 in vivo were verified by suppression of an antibody response against OX-38 itself as a heterologous protein immunogen. Recipient rats received OX-38 antibody as a single agent given in pretransplant regimens. Nine of 12 treated rats have maintained heterotopic abdominal heart allografts for greater than 175 days. Control rats that did not receive antibody therapy rejected their grafts within 14 days. Rats that maintained heart allografts for greater than 100 days accepted second donor strain hearts but rejected third-party heart grafts transplanted into the femoral space. Anti-CD4-induced allograft unresponsiveness persisted for at least 90 days following surgical removal of donor tissue and retransplantation of a second donor-matched heart. These results indicated that transient, pretransplant therapy with monoclonal antibodies directed against the CD4+ lymphocyte induced specific, long-lasting unresponsiveness to fully MHC-mismatched cardiac allografts in rats without additional immunosuppression.