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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the application of the Global Anatomic Staging System (GLASS) in the endovascular treatment of chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). METHODS: We performed systematic research between June 2019 and February 2022, including articles investigating the relationship of GLASS classification with the outcomes of endovascular interventions in the treatment of CLTI. Data from the included studies were pooled and meta-analyzed. The primary endpoints were limb-based patency (LBP) at 1-year follow-up and immediate technical failure (ITF). Secondary endpoints included major amputation. We performed subgroup analysis between studies that reported on calcium modifier inclusion during GLASS classification and studies that did not. RESULTS: Eleven studies, including 1816 patients (1975 limbs) met the inclusion criteria. The pooled ITF rates for GLASS stages I, II, and III are 5.52% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.74%-8.07%), 7.39% (95% CI, 5.32%-10.18%), and 21.07% (95% CI, 13.48%-31.39%) respectively. The pooled LBP for GLASS stages I, II, and III are 68.43% (95% CI, 53.44%-80.37%), 41.52% (95% CI, 18.91%-68.37%), and 38.64% (95% CI, 19.83%-61.57%). The relative risk (RR) for ITF regarding composite GLASS I and II stages vs GLASS III is 3.96 (95% CI, 1.96-7.98). The RR for LBP of GLASS I and II versus GLASS stage III is 1.51 (95% CI, 0.86-2.64). Pooled major amputation rates for the composite GLASS I, II and GLASS III stages are 7.62% (95% CI, 5.44%-10.58%) and 15.43% (95% CI, 11.72%-20.05%) respectively, whereas the RR between GLASS I, II, and GLASS III stages is 1.84 (95% CI, 1.18-2.87). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that patients with CLTI undergoing endovascular interventions classified as GLASS stage III had almost a four-fold risk increase for ITF and 1.84 times the risk of major amputation compared with stages I and II. Additionally, GLASS classification correctly predicted ITF for all three stages, whereas it failed to predict stage I and II LBP outcomes. Safe conclusions regarding LBP cannot be drawn due to the low quality and small number of the included studies, necessitating further research. Furthermore, we displayed the importance of calcium moderator inclusion in the accurate classification of GLASS.
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Procedimientos Endovasculares , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica , Humanos , Isquemia Crónica que Amenaza las Extremidades , Resultado del Tratamiento , Calcio , Factores de Riesgo , Recuperación del Miembro , Isquemia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Enfermedad CrónicaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To assess the short-term and mid-term safety and efficacy of percutaneous endovascular arteriovenous fistula (pAVF) creation. METHODS: A systematic search was implemented corresponding to the PRISMA 2020 and the PRISMA for individual participant data (IPD) systematic reviews 2015. Aggregated data from the included studies were obtained and meta-analyzed regarding both the overall pAVF efficacy and the comparison of pAVF with surgical AVF (sAVF). We performed a two-stage IPD meta-analysis for studies comparing pAVF and sAVF regarding primary and secondary patency. Primary end points included primary patency, secondary patency, and functional cannulation. RESULTS: Eighteen studies with 1863 patients were included. The overall pAVF, primary patency, secondary patency, functional cannulation and abandonment rates were 54.01% (95% confidence interval [CI], 40.69-66.79), 87.27% (95% CI, 81.53-91.42), 79.94% (95% CI, 65.94-89.13), and 15.58% (95% CI, 7.77-28.79), respectively. The overall pAVF, technical success, maturation, reintervention per person-years and mean time to maturation rates were 97.08% (95% CI, 95.66-98.04), 82.13% (95% CI, 71.64-89.32), 0.80 (95% CI, 0.34-1.47), and 58 days (95% CI, 36.64-92.82), respectively. Secondary patency and pAVF abandonment rates where the only end points were WavelinQ and Ellipsys displayed statistically significant differences of 81.36% (95% CI, 76.15-85.65) versus 92.12% (95% CI, 87.94-94.93) and 32.54% (95% CI, 22.23-44.87) versus 11.13% (95% CI, 4.82-23.65). An IPD meta-analysis of hazard ratios for primary and secondary patency between pAVF and sAVF were 1.27 (95% CI, 0.61-2.67) and 1.25 (95% CI, 0.87-1.80), favoring sAVF. Statistically significant difference between pAVF and sAVF were solely depicted for steal syndrome relative risk of 5.91 (95% CI, 1.12-31.12) and wound infections relative risk of 4.19 (95% CI, 1.04-16.88). Plotting of pAVF smoothed hazard estimate displayed an upsurge in the probability of primary patency failure at 1 month after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Although we failed to identify statistically significant differences between pAVF and sAVF regarding any of the primary end points, pAVF displayed a decreased risk for steal syndrome and wound infection. Although both the Ellipsys and WavelinQ devices displayed satisfactory secondary patency rates, Ellipsys demonstrated a statistically significant improved rate compared with WavelinQ. Additionally, and despite the borderline statistically insignificant inferior reintervention rate displayed by WavelinQ, one in three WavelinQ pAVFs resulted in abandonment. The introduction of pAVF as a treatment modality calls for standardized definition adjustment and improvement.
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Fístula Arteriovenosa , Derivación Arteriovenosa Quirúrgica , Humanos , Grado de Desobstrucción Vascular , Diálisis Renal/métodos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Factores de Tiempo , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Venous leg ulcer (VLU) disease constitutes the most severe form of chronic venous insufficiency. We performed a network meta-analysis and meta-regression to investigate the efficacy and safety of the various available interventions in the treatment of VLU. METHODS: We conducted a systematic research corresponding to the instructions by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement for studies reporting on surgical or endovenous interventions for the treatment of VLU. Following data extraction, we performed a Bayesian network meta-analysis and meta-regression. Primary endpoints included VLU healing and recurrence. The secondary endpoint was postintervention complications. RESULTS: Seventeen studies evaluating the impact of compression monotherapy, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), endovenous laser ablation (EVLA), sclerotherapy, and saphenous vein surgery on VLU treatment, consisting of 2156 patients (2186 VLU) were included. When compared to compression monotherapy, RFA was the only treatment displaying a statistically-significant impact on ulcer healing, odds ratio (OR) 5.80 (95% credibility interval (CI): 1.08-35.07), while EVLA, RR 0.06 (95% CI: 0.00-0.57), sclerotherapy, RR 0.07 (95% CI: 0.00-0.68) and RFA, RR 0.12 (95% CI: 0.01-0.91) were the 3 interventions reducing VLU recurrence. EVLA (SUCRA, 69.65) ranked as the most efficient intervention concerning ulcer recurrence reduction. Regarding postintervention complications, EVLA was the only intervention displaying a statistically-significant increased risk compared to compression monotherapy, RR 14.3 (95% CI: 2.03-172.56). Meta-regression analysis exploring the impact of perforator treatment on VLU failed to predict healing, ß = -0.27 (95% CI: -2.55 to 1.85), recurrence, ß = -0.02 (95% CI: -2.96 to 2.75) and complication outcomes, ß = -0.089 (95% CI: -3.13 to 2.85). During sensitivity analysis, RFA and sclerotherapy failed to sustain their effects on ulcer healing and ulcer recurrence, respectively. In addition, sclerotherapy displayed statistically-significant inferior outcomes compared to both EVLA and RFA regarding ulcer recurrence. CONCLUSION: This is the first network meta-analysis examining the effect of various interventions on VLU disease. While we have demonstrated the efficacy of RFA and ELVA in ulcer recurrence prevention, our results regarding the impact of RFA and sclerotherapy on VLU healing and recurrence, respectively, should be interpreted with caution. In addition, this review raises questions concerning the value of surgery and perforator interventions in the treatment of VLU. Further research through randomized controlled trials is required. CLINICAL IMPACT: Our review has revealed the significant efficacy of endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in effectively reducing the incidence of ulcer recurrence when compared to compression monotherapy. These outcomes hold the potential to provide relevant insights to both medical practitioners and patients, thereby informing a more prudent and enlightened decision-making approach. Such informed decisions, aimed at mitigating the recurring occurrence of venous leg ulcers, carry profound significance given the considerable socioeconomic implications associated with this medical condition.
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OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and efficacy of available interventions in the treatment of lower limb reticular veins and telangiectasias. DATA SOURCES: An electronic search was performed on Scopus, Embase, and Google scholar. REVIEW METHODS: A systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Following data extraction and processing, a Bayesian network meta-analysis and meta-regression was undertaken. The primary endpoint was telangiectasia and reticular vein clearance. RESULTS: Nineteen studies, 16 randomised controlled trials and three prospective case series, including 1 356 patients and 2 051 procedures, were finally incorporated. All interventions, apart from 0.5% sodium tetradecyl sulphate (STS) and 0.25% STS displayed statistically significantly superior telangiectasia and reticular vein clearance compared with normal saline (N/S), Meta-regression analysis employing the type of the venule treated (telangiectasia or reticular vein) as a covariable, revealed a positive correlation between Nd:YAG 1064 nm laser and telangiectasia clearance (ß = 1.38, 95% CI 0.56 - 2.14). Further exploration unveiled the superiority of Nd:YAG 1064 nm in the treatment of telangiectasias compared with all included interventions except 72% chromated glycerin (CG). STS 0.25% increased the risk of hyperpigmentation compared with all interventions except 0.5% STS, and 1% polidocanol. CG 72% decreased the risk of matting compared with polidocanol foam (risk ratio [RR] 0.14, 95% CI 0.02 - 0.80) and STS (RR 0.31, 95% CI 0.07 - 0.92). Non-statistically significant differences were identified between interventions regarding pain outcomes. CONCLUSION: This network meta-analysis has demonstrated a proportional relationship between sclerosant potency and side effect occurrence in the treatment of telangiectasias and reticular veins and the superiority of laser therapy compared with injection sclerotherapy in treating telangiectasias. The transition of telangiectasia and reticular vein treatment from highly potent detergent solutions to equally effective but milder sclerosants could potentially reduce undesirable adverse events.
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BACKGROUND: We sought to assess the safety and efficacy of endovenous thermal ablation (EVTA) in treating large great saphenous veins (GSV) > 12 mm in diameter. METHODS: We performed a systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 for comparative and noncomparative studies depicting EVTA in the treatment of GSV > 12 mm. Primary endpoints included GSV occlusion, technical success, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and endovenous heat-induced thrombosis (EHIT). We conducted a comparative analysis between GSV > 12 mm and < 12 mm and a meta-regression analysis for two sets of studies, one including the whole dataset, containing treatment arms of comparative studies with GSV < 12 mm and one exclusively for GSV > 12 mm. RESULTS: Seven studies, including 2564 GSV, depicting radiofrequency (RFA) and endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) were included. GSV > 12 mm occlusion, technical success, DVT, and EHIT estimates were 95.9% (95% CI: 93.6-97.8), 99.9% (95% CI: 98.9-100.0), 0.04% (95% CI: 0.0-3.4), and 1.6% (95% CI: 0.3-3.5). Meta-regression revealed a negative association between GSV diameter and occlusion for both the whole dataset (p < 0.01) and the > 12 mm groups (p = 0.04), GSV diameter and technical success for both groups (p < 0.01), (p = 0.016), and GSV diameter and EHIT only for the whole dataset (p = 0.02). The comparative analysis between GSV < 12 mm and GSV > 12 mm displayed an occlusion estimate of OR 1.79 (95% CI: 1.25-2.56) favoring small GSV. CONCLUSION: Whereas we have displayed excellent occlusion and technical success results for the EVTA of GSV > 12 mm, our analysis has illustrated the unfavorable impact of GSV diameter on occlusion, technical success, and EHIT outcomes regardless of the 12 mm threshold. Potential parameter or device adjustments in a diameter-oriented fashion could further enhance outcomes.
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Terapia por Láser , Trombosis , Várices , Insuficiencia Venosa , Humanos , Vena Safena/diagnóstico por imagen , Vena Safena/cirugía , Resultado del Tratamiento , Factores de Riesgo , Terapia por Láser/efectos adversos , Terapia por Láser/métodos , Várices/diagnóstico por imagen , Várices/cirugía , Insuficiencia Venosa/diagnóstico por imagen , Insuficiencia Venosa/cirugíaRESUMEN
Objectives: Type II endoleak (T2E), often generated by persistent retrograde flow through the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) is the most frequent complication following endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). T2E treatment revolves around transarterial and translumbar embolization of the feeding artery and/or sac, with mediocre results. The aim of this study is to assess the safety feasibility and efficacy of laparoscopic IMA ligation for the treatment of T2E. Methods: We conducted a systematic electronic research on Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis protocol (PRISMA) for articles published up to February 2022, describing laparoscopic IMA ligation for the treatment of T2E. Publications describing hand assisted or prophylactic IMA ligation were excluded. A metanalysis was performed utilizing both the random and common effects model and the DerSimonian and Laird method. Additionally, we carried out a post hoc power analysis. Results: Fifteen studies, including one prospective case series (CS), five retrospective CS and nine case reports, including 33 patients (91% male) met the inclusion criteria. The mean abdominal aortic aneurysm diameter at the time of diagnosis was 58.8 mm. The mean operational duration was 117.5 minutes. The mean follow-up for the included studies was 17 months. The mean reported time of T2E identification was 9.1 months post-intervention, while the mean reported aneurysmal sac diameter increase at the time of diagnosis was 11.5 mm. T2E type a (T2aE) and type b (T2bE) patterns were 57.6% and 42.4% respectively. Six CS incorporating 24 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled technical success and postoperative mortality rates are 100% (95% CI: 93.13-100), ( I 2 = 0.0%, p = 0.99) (power = 99%) and 0.00% (95% CI: 0.00-6.87) ( I 2 = 0.0%, p = 0.99). The pooled reintervention and conversion to open surgical repair rates are 15.08% (95% CI: 0.79-37.28), ( I 2 = 0.0%, p = 0.66) (power = 13.6%), and 0.69% (95% CI: 0.00-14.80) ( I 2 = 0.0%, p = 0.99) (power = 7.05%) respectively. Conclusions: We demonstrated the safety and feasibility of IMA ligation for the treatment of T2E. Definitive conclusions about its efficacy cannot be drawn due to underpowered results warrantying further research. Identification and proper classification of T2E remain an obstacle affecting treatment outcomes and reintervention rates throughout the entire spectrum of available treatments.
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OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of carotid artery stenting for the treatment of extracranial carotid artery dissection (CAD). DATA SOURCES: Systematic review using Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. REVIEW METHODS: A systematic search was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analysis statement. Data from the eligible studies were extracted and meta-analysed. Primary endpoints included post-operative mortality, cerebrovascular events (CEs), and modified Rankin Score for neurological disability (mRS) at 90 days. Subgroup analyses were performed between stenting of spontaneous and traumatic CAD, primary stenting vs. stenting after failed medical therapy (FMT), and stenting of CAD in the presence of tandem occlusions vs. stenting of isolated extracranial CAD. RESULTS: Twenty-four studies with 1 224 patients were included. Pooled post-operative mortality, CE, and mRS 0 - 2 rates were 1.71% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.83 - 2.80), 6.45% (95% CI 2.80 - 11.10), and 76.13% (95% CI 64.15 - 86.50), respectively. The pooled stroke rate was 2.16% (95% CI 0.0 - 6.64). Spontaneous vs. traumatic CAD mortality rates were 3.20% (95% CI 1.80 - 4.88) and 0.00% (95% CI 0.00 - 1.59) while CE rates were 14.26% (95% CI 6.28 - 24.36) and 1.64% (95% CI 0.0 - 6.08). Primary stenting and stenting after FMT mortality rates were 0.63% (95% CI 0.0 - 5.63) and 0.0% (95% CI 0.0 - 2.24), while CE rates were 5.02% (95% CI 0.38 - 12.63) and 3.33% (95% CI 0.12 - 9.03). Mortality rates for tandem occlusions and isolated extracranial CAD were 5.62% (95% CI 1.76 - 10.83) and 0.23% (95% CI 0.0 - 1.88), respectively, while CE rates were 15.28% (95% CI 6.23 - 26.64) and 1.88% (95% CI 0.23 - 4.51). The methodological index for non-randomised studies score was 8.66 (low). CONCLUSION: Both primary stenting and stenting of spontaneous CAD yielded unfavourable results with respect to stent thrombosis and stroke rates. Conversely, stenting following FMT had acceptable mortality and complication rates corroborating the use of stenting in the setting of CAD as a second line treatment. Due to the low quality of the included studies, definite conclusions cannot be drawn necessitating further research.
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Disección Aórtica , Estenosis Carotídea , Accidente Cerebrovascular , Humanos , Stents/efectos adversos , Estenosis Carotídea/complicaciones , Estenosis Carotídea/diagnóstico por imagen , Estenosis Carotídea/cirugía , Resultado del Tratamiento , Arterias Carótidas/cirugía , Accidente Cerebrovascular/etiología , Disección Aórtica/complicacionesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The treatment of infrainguinal peripheral arterial disease often involves complex lesions requiring stent implantation. It is common knowledge that stent length is a negative predictor for restenosis. We investigated the efficacy and safety of spot stenting for the treatment of femoropopliteal lesions. METHODS: We carried out a systematic review for articles published by December 2021 regarding spot stenting in the treatment of peripheral arterial disease. Primary endpoints included primary patency (PP) and freedom from target lesion revascularization (TLR) 12 months postoperatively. We performed a meta-analysis of aggregate data for PP, TLR and technical success and a subgroup analysis between devices dedicated to spot stenting and conventional devices. Following the individual participant data (IPD) extraction, we performed a 2 stage time to event IPD meta-analysis for PP and TLR. Plotting of hazard estimates was performed by applying the Epanechnikov Kernel function. RESULTS: Five studies with 818 patients, 965 lesions and a mean lesion length of 169.2 mm were included. Chronic total occlusions comprised 51.7% of the treated lesions while, 80% of the lesions involved the popliteal artery. The pooled PP 12 months post-operatively is 80.72% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 77.67-83.45) (I2 = 36%), 95% prediction interval (PI) (67.94-89.00). The subgroup analysis between devices dedicated to spot stenting and conventional devices produced similar results of 80.93% (95% CI: 77.17-84.19) (I2 = 0%) and 80.30% (95% CI: 74.72-84.90) (I2 = 62%), respectively. The pooled TLR rate is 13.06% (95% CI: 10.69-15.86) (I2 = 53%). The pooled technical success rate is 98.77% (95% CI: 97.50-99.40) (I2 = 18%). The IPD meta-analysis produced statistically significant results favoring spot stenting over long stenting for both primary endpoints. Primary patency hazard ratio (HR) 2.04. (95% CI: 1.25-3.32) (I2 = 0%, t2 = 0). TLR, HR 1.97 (95% CI: 1.02-3.79) (I2 = 0%, t2 = 0). Plotting of hazard estimates produced diametrically opposite courses for the spot and long stenting curves. The hazards cross over at about 6 months, and at about 10 months when long stenting group faces the highest risk for loss of patency, spot stenting hazard reaches near zero values. The curves for TLR portray similar findings. CONCLUSIONS: Spot stenting is a safe and effective strategy for the treatment of femoropopliteal arterial disease with acceptable short and mid-term primary patency and freedom from TLR rates. Long stenting of the femoral artery doubles the risk of patency loss and TLR compared to spot stenting. The risk of patency loss and TLR in femoral artery spot stenting appears 4 months after the intervention and reaches near zero values at 8 months.
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Angioplastia de Balón , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica , Arteria Femoral/cirugía , Humanos , Extremidad Inferior , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/terapia , Arteria Poplítea/diagnóstico por imagen , Stents , Resultado del Tratamiento , Grado de Desobstrucción VascularRESUMEN
Foam sclerotherapy is considered an acceptable method to treat great saphenous vein (GSV) insufficiency, promoting occlusion of its trunk and eradicating reflux. Yet, certain technical points have not been standardized while issues regarding the ultrasonographic appearance of successful or acceptable GSV obliteration or the end-points of the method are not clearly defined. This article comments on the aforementioned using examples based on personal experience.
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Objectives: Acute lower limb ischemia (ALLI) is a common vascular emergency. However, ALLI presenting as the initial symptom of acute leukemia (AL) is scarce. Here we present a case of ALLI in the setting of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) while systematically reviewing the current literature to withdraw conclusions about the management, prognosis, and treatment for this atypical presentation of AL. Methods: We conducted a systematic electronic research according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis protocol (PRISMA) for articles published from January 1981 up to January 2021 concerning ALLI in the setting of acute leukemia (AL). Patients' baseline characteristics were recorded and nine outcomes of interest were studied. Results: Twenty-six individuals, 16 males with a mean age of 46.3 years (±20) were included in this review. The diagnosis included 13 AML patients (50%), 11 acute promyelotic leukemia (APL) (42.3%) and two acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) (7.7%). Treatment varied among nine different regimens. Four patients were treated with chemotherapy alone (15.4%), four with thrombectomy alone (15.4%), and 11 with a combination of chemotherapy and thrombectomy (42.3%). Eight major amputations were recorded (30. 8%). Thirty-day mortality was 35.7%. Forty-eight peripheral thrombotic events were recorded with 12 patients suffering recurrent thrombotic events. Conclusion: ALLI as the presenting symptom of AL is a rare condition that carries significant mortality and amputation rates. Timely diagnosis is crucial concerning short-term survival and limb salvage. APL, despite being the rarest form of AL, represented a significant proportion of the patient population in this review. The role of leukostasis in the disease's progression and the efficacy of leukapheresis as a treatment regimen should be further investigated through case-control studies.
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Isquemia , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Enfermedad Aguda , Amputación Quirúrgica , Humanos , Isquemia/diagnóstico , Isquemia/etiología , Isquemia/terapia , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/diagnóstico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/terapia , Recuperación del Miembro , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Femoropopliteal bypass operations can be difficult when the occlusive disease involves the superficial femoral artery and the popliteal arterial segment above the knee joint (supragenicular artery, P1). In case of lack of suitable vein graft or when the surgeon wishes to spare to infrapopliteal segment, the choice of the midpopliteal artery as anastomotic site becomes challenging because of its location. Moreover, totally endovascular recanalization procedures in such cases can be complex and demanding, whereas other reported hybrid revascularization techniques require advanced technical skills and raise significantly the cost. Therefore, we present our suggestion of a "pull, cast, and fix" technique to encounter these challenges and facilitate a successful bypass with a synthetic graft in the upper midpopliteal (P2) segment, combing a secure endarterectomy and anastomosis even under marginal visualization by means of securing the lumen with a soft feeding tube after the artery has been pulled via a Satinsky vascular clamp. Accordingly, the procedure is accomplished with placement of a flexible self-expandable stent in the midpopliteal artery through the synthetic graft.
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Implantación de Prótesis Vascular , Procedimientos Endovasculares , Arteria Femoral/cirugía , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/cirugía , Arteria Poplítea/cirugía , Prótesis Vascular , Implantación de Prótesis Vascular/efectos adversos , Implantación de Prótesis Vascular/instrumentación , Enfermedad Crónica , Procedimientos Endovasculares/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Endovasculares/instrumentación , Arteria Femoral/diagnóstico por imagen , Arteria Femoral/fisiopatología , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/fisiopatología , Arteria Poplítea/diagnóstico por imagen , Arteria Poplítea/fisiopatología , Stents , Resultado del Tratamiento , Grado de Desobstrucción VascularRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Vascular trauma comprises a diagnostic and surgical challenge. Aim of this study was to present the vascular traumas treated in our Tertiary Hospital during the last 5 years. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the surgical records of our vascular department and documented the site and type of vascular injuries of the extremities along with the concurrence of musculoskeletal injuries. The type and outcome of surgical interventions were also recorded. RESULTS: Fifty-eight cases of vascular trauma were recorded (39 in the upper and 19 in the lower extremities). Overall, iatrogenic traumas accounted for 41.3% of cases. The arterial injuries of the upper limb were blunt and penetrating in 27% and 67%, respectively. The most affected artery in the upper limb was the radial artery (37.8%), followed by the ulnar artery (27%) and the brachial artery (24.3%). Orthopedic injuries were recorded in 19% of patients. Management involved simple revascularization, bypass operations, patch arterioplasty and endovascular management in 48.7%, 33.3%, 5.1%, and 5.1%, respectively. The most affected site in the lower extremity was the common femoral artery (36.8%) followed by the popliteal artery (21%). Bone fractures were reported in 5 cases (26.3%). The surgical management involved bypass, simple revascularization, patch arterioplasty in 42.1%, 26.3%, and 21%, respectively. Endovascular management was performed in 10.5%. CONCLUSIONS: A considerable percentage of iatrogenic vascular injuries was recorded, affecting both the upper and lower limbs. Despite the trend toward centralization of vascular services, a basic service of vascular surgery should be available in most sites to ensure that patients with vascular injuries receive fast and appropriate care.
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Extremidades/irrigación sanguínea , Enfermedad Iatrogénica , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Vasculares , Lesiones del Sistema Vascular/cirugía , Heridas no Penetrantes/cirugía , Heridas Penetrantes/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Prestación Integrada de Atención de Salud , Femenino , Grecia , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sistema Musculoesquelético/lesiones , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Lesiones del Sistema Vascular/diagnóstico por imagen , Lesiones del Sistema Vascular/etiología , Heridas no Penetrantes/diagnóstico por imagen , Heridas no Penetrantes/etiología , Heridas Penetrantes/diagnóstico por imagen , Heridas Penetrantes/etiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Delayed open conversion (OpC) after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) is becoming increasingly common worldwide. We reviewed our experience to characterize the perioperative spectrum of OpC repairs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained institutional database to identify patients who underwent late OpC after failed EVAR was performed. Patient and aneurysm baseline characteristics, mechanism of failure, perioperative details, including type of repair/complications/survival, and late outcomes were examined. RESULTS: From January 2003 to January 2020, 38 male patients (mean age, 75 ± 7 years; range, 60-90) required late OpC. Interval time from initial EVAR to OpC was 63.6 ± 33.8 months (range, 17-120). Mean diameter of the aneurysms was 82.2 ± 22.1 mm before OpC compared with 62.9 ± 13 mm before endograft implantation. Mechanisms of failure were type Ia, Ib, II, and III endoleaks in 14 (36.8%), 9 (23.7%), 4 (10.5%), and 1 (2.6%) patient(s), respectively; infection in 3 (7.9%), leg ischemia in 2 (5.3%), and multiple causes in 5 (13.2%) patients. We observed 4 (10.5%) asymptomatic, 16 (42.1%) symptomatic, and 18 (47.3%) ruptured aneurysms. Four patients (10.5%) had stable contained ruptures, whereas the remaining 13 (34.2%) and 1 additional patient (2.6%) with aortoenteric fistula presented with hemorrhagic shock (class ≥II). Total endograft explantation, endograft preservation, or proximal/distal partial graft removal was performed in 16 (42.1%), 10 (26.3%), and 2 (5.2%)/9 (23.7%) of patients, respectively. Technical success was 100%, excluding an early postaortic clamping death. Overall, 30-day mortality was 21.1% (8 of 38) and significantly higher in patients with hemorrhagic shock or hemodynamic instability at presentation (P = 0.04 and P = 0.009, respectively) and in patients who had endografts with hooks/barbs or experiencing higher postoperative complication rate (P = 0.02 and P = 0.006, respectively). By definition, procedure success was 81.1%. Mean follow-up was 37.6 ± 39.8 months. By the end of the study, we recorded 11 deaths (2 were aneurysm related). CONCLUSIONS: Despite high technical success, OpC has a significant mortality in patients presenting with hemorrhagic shock and had active fixation endografts or experiencing high complication rate. Many other confounding factors may play a role.
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Aneurisma de la Aorta Abdominal/cirugía , Implantación de Prótesis Vascular , Remoción de Dispositivos , Procedimientos Endovasculares , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/cirugía , Reoperación , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Aneurisma de la Aorta Abdominal/mortalidad , Prótesis Vascular , Implantación de Prótesis Vascular/efectos adversos , Implantación de Prótesis Vascular/instrumentación , Implantación de Prótesis Vascular/mortalidad , Bases de Datos Factuales , Remoción de Dispositivos/efectos adversos , Remoción de Dispositivos/mortalidad , Procedimientos Endovasculares/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Endovasculares/instrumentación , Procedimientos Endovasculares/mortalidad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/mortalidad , Reoperación/efectos adversos , Reoperación/mortalidad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Tiempo , Insuficiencia del TratamientoRESUMEN
We report an innovative technique in an 82-year-old patient with a patent but infected right axillobifemoral (AxBF) bypass performed 7 years ago owingto critical limb ischemia who underwent a semielective de novo left-sided composite AxBF bypass consisting of a central prosthetic polytetrafluoroethylene segment and distal autologous limbs to the femoral regions (femoral crossover bypass vein to the right limb using the femoral vein and jump graft to the left femoral limb using the great saphenous vein.) Although AxBF bypass is not considered the "gold standard" surgical composite revascularization procedure in the suprainguinal region, it can constitute an acceptable intervention in selected cases.
Asunto(s)
Arteria Axilar/cirugía , Implantación de Prótesis Vascular , Remoción de Dispositivos , Vena Femoral/trasplante , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/cirugía , Infecciones Relacionadas con Prótesis/cirugía , Vena Safena/trasplante , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Arteria Axilar/diagnóstico por imagen , Prótesis Vascular/efectos adversos , Implantación de Prótesis Vascular/efectos adversos , Implantación de Prótesis Vascular/instrumentación , Humanos , Masculino , Infecciones Relacionadas con Prótesis/diagnóstico , Infecciones Relacionadas con Prótesis/microbiología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To report the outcome of elective fenestrated and branch (FEVAR-BEVAR) endovascular aortic repair with supracoeliac (SC) sealing zones and the impact of staged repair without prophylactic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage on the incidence of spinal cord ischaemia (SCI). METHODS: Two hundred and seventy consecutive patients (217 men; mean [SD] age, 72.8 ± 6.3 years; median (IQR) diameter 65 mm [62-75 mm]) with juxtarenal (JRAAA) (n = 69) or thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAAs) (n = 201) underwent elective FEVAR (n = 192) or BEVAR (n = 78) with renovisceral stent grafting, proximal SC (Zones 1-5; <40 mm [n = 83]; ≥40 mm [n = 187]) and distal infrarenal aorto-iliac sealing zone (Zones 9-11) between December 2008 and September 2017. A spinal cord protection protocol (SCPP) including staging without prophylactic CSF drainage was introduced in September 2012. RESULTS: A total of 1026 renovisceral vessels (mean 3.8 ± 0.5 per patient) were targeted for preservation. One patient (0.4%) died in the institution within 30 days and 31 (11.4%) developed 36 major non-fatal complications including unplanned permanent dialysis (n = 1, 0.4%) and non-ambulatory SCI (n = 6, 2.2%). In patients with <40 mm SC coverage, none were staged or had prophylactic CSF drains and none developed SCI. In patients with ≥40 mm SC coverage, SCI occurred in 3.3% (pre-SCPP: 4/20 [20%; none staged, 13 prophylactic CSF drains] vs. post-SCPP: 2/167 [1.2%; 89 staged, no prophylactic CSF drains]; p = .001 [OR = 19.9]). Estimated survival (±SE) at one, two and three years was 92.6% ± 1.6%, 86.5% ± 2.4%, and 73.8% ± 3.5%, respectively, with no significant difference comparing extent of aneurysm or SC coverage. Forty-three (15.9%) patients required late re-intervention. Estimated freedom from re-intervention at one, two and three years was 91.9% ± 1.8%, 85.1% ± 2.5%, and 79.5% ± 3.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Elective endovascular thoraco-abdominal aortic repair with SC sealing zones can be performed with low peri-operative risk and good medium-term outcomes. Selective staging without prophylactic CSF drainage contributed to a significant reduction in the incidence of SCI.
Asunto(s)
Aneurisma de la Aorta Torácica/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Electivos/métodos , Procedimientos Endovasculares/métodos , Anciano , Pérdida de Líquido Cefalorraquídeo , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Electivos/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Endovasculares/efectos adversos , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Reoperación , Estudios Retrospectivos , Isquemia de la Médula Espinal/etiología , Isquemia de la Médula Espinal/prevención & control , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
A 71-year old man with previous thoracic aneurysm endovascular repair and endovascular abdominal aneurysm repair presented with simultaneous type III endoleak from the thoracic components and type Ia endoleak from migration of the abdominal endograft, leading to enlargement of both aneurysms. A custom-made reverse tapered Relay NBS thoracic endograft was used to bridge the thoracic stent grafts. While a low-flow type III endoleak persisted in the immediate postoperative phase, because of incomplete apposition of the new stent graft, further deployment of its nitinol skeleton resulted in resolution of the endoleak at 1-week follow-up. The abdominal aneurysm enlargement was corrected via excision of the central segment of the abdominal endograft, preservation of the distal main body and limbs, and interposition of a short Dacron tube graft.
Asunto(s)
Aneurisma de la Aorta Abdominal/cirugía , Aneurisma de la Aorta Torácica/cirugía , Implantación de Prótesis Vascular/instrumentación , Prótesis Vascular , Endofuga/cirugía , Procedimientos Endovasculares/instrumentación , Migración de Cuerpo Extraño/cirugía , Stents , Anciano , Aleaciones , Aneurisma de la Aorta Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagen , Aneurisma de la Aorta Torácica/diagnóstico por imagen , Aortografía/métodos , Implantación de Prótesis Vascular/efectos adversos , Angiografía por Tomografía Computarizada , Endofuga/diagnóstico por imagen , Endofuga/etiología , Procedimientos Endovasculares/efectos adversos , Migración de Cuerpo Extraño/diagnóstico por imagen , Migración de Cuerpo Extraño/etiología , Humanos , Masculino , Tereftalatos Polietilenos , Diseño de Prótesis , Falla de Prótesis , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The outcome of endovascular repair (EVAR) for acute thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) is reported and the applicability of the t-Branch off the shelf (OTS) device is determined. METHODS: Interrogation of a prospectively maintained database identified all patients who underwent EVAR for acute TAAA between September 2012 (when the first non-elective t-Branch case was performed) and November 2015. Early and medium-term outcomes were analysed. Survival and re-intervention-free survival were calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: A total of 39 patients (27 men; mean ± SD age, 72 ± 8 years) were treated for acute symptomatic (n = 29) or ruptured (n = 10) TAAA (20 anatomical extent I-III, 19 extent IV). Fourteen patients had mycotic aneurysms. The mean aneurysm diameter was 80 ± 20 mm. The mean ± SD follow-up was 21.4 ± 15.4 months. Surgeon modified fenestrated EVAR was used in 24 patients, chimney/periscope EVAR in two, and t-Branch in 13 (33%) patients. Aortic coverage was greater than 40 mm above the coeliac axis in all patients. A total of 127 target vessels (TVs) were preserved (mean 3.3 per patient) and two occluded within 30 days. The 30 day mortality was 26%. Four (10%) patients developed spinal cord ischaemia (SCI): two with paraplegia died within 30 days, and two with paraparesis recovered completely with blood pressure manipulation and cerebrospinal fluid drainage. Estimated overall survival (±SD) at 12 and 24 months was 71.8 ± 7.2% and 63.2 ± 7.9%, respectively. Estimated freedom from re-intervention at 12 and 24 months was 93 ± 4.8% and 85.3 ± 6.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: EVAR for acute TAAA is associated with acceptable early and mid-term results in patients who have no other treatment options. Only one third of these patients were suitable for the t-Branch device, indicating that further advances in device design are required to treat the majority of acute TAAA patients with commercially available OTS technology.
Asunto(s)
Aneurisma Infectado/cirugía , Aneurisma de la Aorta Torácica/cirugía , Rotura de la Aorta/cirugía , Procedimientos Endovasculares/métodos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Enfermedad Aguda/mortalidad , Anciano , Aneurisma Infectado/microbiología , Aneurisma Infectado/mortalidad , Aneurisma de la Aorta Torácica/microbiología , Aneurisma de la Aorta Torácica/mortalidad , Rotura de la Aorta/microbiología , Rotura de la Aorta/mortalidad , Prótesis Vascular , Procedimientos Endovasculares/instrumentación , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Isquemia/epidemiología , Isquemia/etiología , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Estudios Prospectivos , Diseño de Prótesis , Factores de Riesgo , Médula Espinal/patología , Stents , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Although surgical resection and graft replacement therapy for thoracic aortic aneurysms has advanced greatly over the last 20 years, significant perioperative morbidity and mortality still occur, particularly in patients considered high risk due to significant coexisting medical illness or previous operations performed for the treatment of intrathoracic disease. METHODS: The case described is that of a patient with a giant (13.8 cm) symptomatic descending thoracic aorta aneurysm (DTAA), previously treated endovascularly 15 years ago. The expanding aneurysm was due to undiagnosed synchronous type III/Ib endoleak resulting in chronic malnutrition and eventually dysphagia and dyspnea due to compressive symptoms of the esophagus. Besides the risk of rupture, dyspnea and dysphagia with progressive weight loss were significant indications necessitating repair. Regarding his major comorbidities, the patient was identified as high risk for open surgical repair, therefore an endovascular option was offered. Two valiant tube endografts were inserted and deployed successfully without complications. RESULTS: Postoperatively, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy imaging that was performed to the patient revealed marked persistent stenosis of the esophagus despite aneurysm pressure relief. However, at the multidisciplinary team meeting, an esophageal stenting was ruled out due to the risk of stent fracture and esophageal perforation with its devastating complications. Therefore, a conservative management was deemed appropriate for the patient taking into consideration the risks of prolonged hospitalization and malnourishment coupled with an unpredictable clinical course regarding the remission of the symptoms. Despite the slight gradual clinical improvement in the immediate postoperative period, the patient passed away at the 40th postoperative day due to hospital acquired pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS: Following endovascular repair of giant DTAA compressing the esophagus, significant symptomatic improvement should not be always expected due to the large residual thrombotic aneurysm sac. Although compression symptoms can be managed conservatively in patients deemed at high risk for esophageal perforation, postoperative course and management is of paramount importance and should be treated on an individual basis.
Asunto(s)
Aneurisma de la Aorta Torácica/cirugía , Implantación de Prótesis Vascular/efectos adversos , Trastornos de Deglución/etiología , Endofuga/cirugía , Procedimientos Endovasculares/efectos adversos , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Aneurisma de la Aorta Torácica/complicaciones , Aneurisma de la Aorta Torácica/diagnóstico por imagen , Aortografía/métodos , Prótesis Vascular , Implantación de Prótesis Vascular/instrumentación , Angiografía por Tomografía Computarizada , Deglución , Trastornos de Deglución/diagnóstico por imagen , Trastornos de Deglución/fisiopatología , Endofuga/diagnóstico por imagen , Endofuga/etiología , Procedimientos Endovasculares/instrumentación , Esófago/fisiopatología , Humanos , Masculino , Recuperación de la Función , Reoperación , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Objectives To evaluate the efficacy and safety of carotid artery stenting for the treatment of severe carotid artery disease in our department and to investigate the effect of increasing operator experience on perioperative and procedure-related characteristics. Methods From January 2007 to February 2015 200 patients underwent 207 endovascular procedures for carotid artery stenosis. Of all, 113 arteries (56.5%) were symptomatic. Significant changes across time were calculated with the use of Change Point analysis using bootstrap and mean squared error estimates. Results The technical success was 98.6% (204/207 cases). Thirty-day neurological events included stroke in four patients (2%) and transient ischemic attack in two (1%). None of the patients died during the first 30 days. The most significant change of radiation duration occurred after the 33rd patient with a decrease from 25.31 min to 12.31 min, while for the total operative time that change occurred between the 31st and 33rd patient where mean operation time decreased from 88.89 min to 49.22 min. The most significant change of contrast media used occurred at the 40th patient with a decrease from 91.58 ml to 62 ml. During a mean follow-up period of 42 ± 20.02 months none of the patients experienced any cerebrovascular event. There was one case of significant recurrent stenosis, which was successfully treated by endovascular means. Conclusions Endovascular treatment of carotid artery stenosis performed in a single center with the use of a cerebral protection device seems to consist a safe therapeutic choice with acceptable results, within the referenced benchmarks proposed in the latest guidelines. Certain perioperative parameters such as the amount of contrast media used, the fluoroscopy and operation time, seem to decline overtime indicating increasing operator's experience. A number of performed cases above 40 was related to the significant decrease of those parameters and may represent the learning curve of the procedure.
Asunto(s)
Estenosis Carotídea/terapia , Competencia Clínica , Procedimientos Endovasculares/instrumentación , Curva de Aprendizaje , Stents , Anciano , Estenosis Carotídea/complicaciones , Estenosis Carotídea/diagnóstico por imagen , Dispositivos de Protección Embólica , Procedimientos Endovasculares/efectos adversos , Femenino , Grecia , Humanos , Ataque Isquémico Transitorio/etiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dosis de Radiación , Exposición a la Radiación/efectos adversos , Exposición a la Radiación/prevención & control , Radiografía Intervencional , Estudios Retrospectivos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Accidente Cerebrovascular/etiología , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study determined the incidence, the surgical details, and the outcome of late open conversion after failed endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) for abdominal aortic aneurysm. METHODS: A review of English-language medical literature from 1991 to 2014 was conducted using the PubMed and EMBASE databases to find all studies involving late conversion after EVAR for abdominal aortic aneurysm. The search identified 26 articles encompassing 641 patients (84% men; median age, 73.5 years). RESULTS: Mean interval from the initial implantation was 38.5 ± 10.7 months. The cumulative single-center open conversion rate was 3.7%. The indications for late open conversion included endoleak in 62.4%, infection in 9.5%, migration in 5.5%, and thrombosis in 6.7%. Operations were urgent in 22.5% of the patients. The 30-day mortality was 9.1%. Mortality rates were different between elective (3.2%) and nonelective patients (29.2%). Five aneurysm-related deaths (1.5%) and two graft infections (0.6%) occurred during a median follow-up of 26.4 months (range, 5-50.2 months). CONCLUSIONS: The number of patients with failed EVAR and without further options for endovascular salvage is growing. Endoleak remains the most important weakness of EVAR as the leading cause of late open conversion. Such procedures, although technically demanding, are associated with relatively low mortality rates when performed electively. Open repair still represents a valuable solution for many patients with failed EVAR.