[Nonculture techniques of microorganisms determination in amniotic fluid in patients with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes]. / Nekultivacní stanovení mikroorganismu v plodové vode u pacientek s predcasným odtokem plodové vody.

OBJECTIVE: The preterm prelabor rupture of membranes is a serious obstetric complication that is frequently complicated by the presence of microorganisms in amniotic fluid. The aim of our work is to characterize current status of nonculture detection of microbial invasion into the amniotic cavity and the experience with the technique performed in University Hospital in Hradec Kralove. DESIGN: Original survey article. SETTING: Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics - molecular biology department, University Hospital Hradec Kralove. CONCLUSION: Application of nonculture techniques of microorganisms determination in amniotic fluid in patients with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes is currently available. According to the detection of genital mycoplasmas as the dominant pathogens in the amniotic fluid this technique should be regarded as the standard examination method in these patients.

[Ganciclovir treatment failure in adult allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients with cytomegalovirus infection--a single centre experience]. / Klinická rezistence lidského cytomegaloviru pri lécbe gancyklovirem u pacientu po alogenní transplantaci hematopoetických bunek--zkusenosti jednoho centra.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of infection with ganciclovir-resistant cytomegalovirus (CMV) in adult allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. Clinical resistance or treatment failure was defined as persistent DNAemia or increasing viral load in peripheral blood after 2 weeks of virostatic treatment. The association between the treatment failure and viral resistance was analysed. The presence of ganciclovir-resistant CMV strains was confirmed by genotypic testing able to detect mutations conferring resistance. METHODS: In 2012 and 2014, 40 patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT for hematologic malignancies and were treated for human CMV reactivation/disease were followed up prospectively. In patients with treatment failure, CMV DNA was isolated and analysed by nucleotide sequence analysis of the UL 97 and UL 54 genes conferring resistance to the virostatic agent. RESULTS: The treatment failure occurred in seven patients, but ganciclovir resistance conferring mutations were only detected in two of them (mutations L595F and M460I in the UL 97 gene). Another mutation in the UL 97 gene (N510S) was found in a patient with recurrent CMV replication who needed to be retreated but did not meet the criteria for treatment failure. CONCLUSION: The low incidence of genetically confirmed ganciclovir-resistant CMV isolates in HSCT recipients with relatively common clinical treatment failure suggests that the mechanism underlying slower viral clearance is often other than mutations conferring ganciclovir resistance to the virus.