Lipid profile: causal relationship on cognitive performance in multiple sclerosis?

Although cognitive impairment (CI) is classically associated with aging, it has been proposed that neurological pathologies may increase the risk to suffer CI. Despite the evidence of an elevated prevalence of CI in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), it is not considered among standard clinical evaluations, due the lack of specialists and time required. The aim of this study was to evaluate if lipid profile is associated with cognitive performance in persons with MS. Twenty patients with MS were evaluated. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was employed to determine cognitive performance. CI was observed in 85% of patients, with memory recall and language as the most affected domains. Despite biomarkers were mostly found within reference values, several correlations were observed. MoCA total score was correlated with cholesterol (r = - 0.468, p = 0.037) and LDL (r = - 0.453, p = 0.045). Visuospatial domain was correlated with LDL (r = - 0.493, p = 0.027). Attention domain correlated with triglycerides (r = - 0.455, p = 0.044) and cholesterol (r = - 0.549, p = 0.012). When the person reaches borderline levels of triglycerides, LDL and cholesterol a decrease in cognitive performance can be observed. The mechanism underlying this association has not been established still, it has been proposed that it could be linked with neuroinflammation, alterations in synapses and in the metabolism of amyloid-ß protein. This study settles the potential importance that lipid profile could have on cognitive performance in MS. Further studies are needed to establish optimal levels and implication of lipid profile in the diagnosis and monitoring of cognitive performance in Mexican people with MS.

Comparación de resultados perinatales entre gestaciones gemelares espontáneas y las provenientes de técnicas de reproducción asistida / Comparison between spontaneous twin pregnancy and ivf twin pregnancy perinatal outcomes

OBJETIVO: Evaluar si las técnicas de reproducción asistida influyen sobre los resultados perinatales del embarazo gemelar. Sujetos y métodos: Estudio de revisión de resultados perinatales en embarazos gemelares en una clínica privada en el que se incluyen todos los embarazos gemelares espontáneos y por técnicas de reproducción asistida (TRA) que acuden a su atención obstétrica excluyendo aquellas mujeres con enfermedades preexistentes que supongan un resultado perinatal adverso. Se analizan 95 casos. RESULTADOS: No hubo diferencia estadística en términos de diabetes gestacional, presencia de preeclampsia, práctica de cesárea, peso promedio del recién nacido e ingreso a unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales. Hubo diferencia estadística en los casos de anemia gestacional (61,29 % del grupo de gemelar espontáneo versus un 31,25 % del gemelar por TRA, p= 0,0075) y en el grupo de semanas de edad gestacional al momento del parto: 32-36,6 semanas (32,25 % para gemelar espontáneo y 65,62 % para gemelar por TRA, p = 0,0039) y en el de >37 semanas de gestación (58,08 % para gemelar espontáneo y 26,57 % para gemelar por TRA, p = 0,0059). CONCLUSIONES: Las técnicas de reproducción asistida se asocian con una mayor prevalencia de parto pretérmino

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if assisted reproductive techniques affect perinatal outcomes of twin pregnancies. Subject and method: This is a review of perinatal outcomes of twin pregnancies in a private institution. All twin pregnancies detected were included and classified in two groups: spontaneous pregnancy and assisted reproduction (AR) pregnancy. Those women who had a preexistent condition that could represent an adverse outcome were excluded. 95 cases were included. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference in terms of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, c-section, newborn weight and in those who required neonatal intensive care. There was statistical difference in gestational anemia (61.29 % vs 31.25 % for spontaneous twin pregnancy and assisted reproduction twin pregnancy respectively, p = 0.0075) and in two groups according to gestational weeks at delivery: 32-36.6 weeks (32.25 % for spontaneous twin pregnancy and 65.62 % for AR twin pregnancy, p = 0.0039) and >37 weeks at delivery (58.08 % for spontaneous twin pregnancy and 26.57 % for AR twin pregnancy, p = 0.0059). CONCLUSION: Assisted reproductive techniques associate with a higher prevalence of preterm labor