Childhood memories of threatening experiences and submissiveness and its relationship to hallucination proneness and ideas of reference: The mediating role of dissociation.

Recent studies have emphasized the importance of childhood memories of threatening experiences and submissiveness in a diversity of psychological disorders. The purpose of this work was to study their specific relationship with hallucination proneness and ideas of reference in healthy subjects. The ELES scale for measuring memory of adverse childhood experiences, the DES-II scale for measuring dissociation, the LSHS-R scale for measuring hallucination proneness, and the REF for ideas of reference were applied to a sample of 472 subjects. A positive association was found between childhood memories of adverse experiences and hallucination proneness and ideas of reference, on one hand, and dissociation on the other. A mediation analysis showed that dissociation was a mediator between the memory of adverse childhood experiences and hallucination proneness on one hand, and ideas of reference on the other. When the role of mediator of the types of dissociative experiences was studied, it was found that absorption and depersonalization mediated between adverse experiences and hallucination proneness. However, this mediating effect was not found between adverse experiences and ideas of reference. The relationship between these last two variables was direct. The results suggest that childhood memories of adverse experiences are a relevant factor in understanding hallucination proneness and ideas of reference. Similarly, dissociation is a specific mediator between adverse childhood experiences and hallucination proneness.

Relationship between inner dialog and ideas of reference and the mediating role of dissociation.

Recent lines of research have begun to concentrate on internal dialogue and its relationship to a diversity of psychopathological phenomena present in psychotic disorders. This study was intended as a preliminary exploration of the relationship of internal dialogue, dissociation and ideas of reference. To do this, a sample of 318 students filled in an internal dialogue scale (the VISQ, McCarthy-Jones & Fernyhough), one for dissociation (DES-II, Carlson & Putnam) and another for ideas of reference (REF, Lenzenweger, Bennett & Lilenfeld). The results confirm the hypothesis posed in the sense that internal dialogue was positively associated with dissociation and with ideas of reference. A partial mediation effect of dissociation was also found between inner speech and ideas of reference. Lines of future research this study opens and its possible integration in a model on ideas of reference are discussed.

Dissociation and mindfulness in patients with auditory verbal hallucinations.

The very few studies relating mindfulness and dissociation have found a negative association between them (depersonalization and absorption). However, all of these studies have been done in nonclinical populations, and there are no data on the relationship between these variables in psychiatric patients with auditory hallucinations. This study was designed to study the relationship between mindfulness and the two dissociative variables, absorption and depersonalization, as well as their predictive power for the severity of auditory hallucinations and the distress they cause in a clinical population. A total of 55 psychiatric patients with hallucinations were given the following tests: the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (K. Brown & R. Ryan, 2003), the Tellegen Absorption Scale (A. Tellegen & G. Atkinson, 1974), the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale (M. Sierra & G. E. Berrios, 2000), the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales (G. Haddock, J. McCarron, N. Tarrier, & E. B. Faragher, 1999), and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (S. R. Kay, L. A. Opler, & J.-P. Lindenmayer, 1988). A significant negative correlation was found between mindfulness and the dissociative variables and between mindfulness and the distress caused by the hallucinations. A positive correlation was found between absorption and distress caused by hallucinations and between depersonalization and the severity of hallucinations. Finally, the variable with the most predictive power for severity of the voices was depersonalization, and the variable with the most predictive power for distress caused by the voices was mindfulness. Interventions addressing training in mindfulness techniques could diminish the distress associated with hearing voices.

Relationship of absorption, depersonalisation, and self-focused attention in subjects with and without hallucination proneness.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this work was to study the relationship of absorption, depersonalisation, and self-focused attention in subjects prone to hallucination. METHODS: A sample of 218 healthy subjects was given the LSHS-R Hallucination Scale (Bentall & Slade, 1985). Three groups, subjects with high, medium, and low hallucination proneness, were formed from this sample. The Tellegen Absorption Scale (TAS; Tellegen & Atkinson, 1974), Cambridge Depersonalisation Scale (CDS; Sierra & Berrios, 2000), and Self-Absorption Scale (SAS; McKenzie & Hoyle, 2008) were also given to all the participants. The Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ-30; Wells & Cartwright-Hatton, 2004) was used as a covariant to control for the effects of emotional vulnerability on the dependent variables studied. RESULTS: The results showed that subjects highly prone to hallucinations had significantly higher absorption, depersonalisation, and self-focused attention than the subjects in the other two groups. A hierarchical regression analysis showed that absorption and depersonalisation predict hallucination proneness. CONCLUSIONS: The importance of the absorption, depersonalisation, and self-focused attention variables for understanding the aetiology of hallucinations is discussed in the Conclusions, where some approaches to its treatment are also suggested.

Spanish adaptation of the scale of psychological empowerment in the workplace.

The objective of this study is to adapt and translate into Spanish Spreitzer's Psychological Empowerment Scale (1995a). A process of translation and reverse-translation was applied to the scale's items, whose psychometric properties were then examined using a sample of 272 professional nurses at public hospitals in the province of Seville. The data were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis. The significance of the factor loadings demonstrated the need to create a new model eliminating one item. The 11-item model was shown to possess adequate construct validity and internal consistency. The results confirm the original, four-factor structure obtained by Spreitzer, with the exception of item 10, and support the utilization of the Spanish version of this scale in the workplace. Future research should more extensively investigate its construct validity, and test the nomological network of the operationalized construct within the field of psychological well-being and in the context of the workplace.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Highly Sensitive Person Scale to the Adult Spanish Population (HSPS-S).

PURPOSE: This article describes a cross-cultural adaptation of the Highly Sensitive Person Scale (HSPS) to the adult Spanish population, and psychometric analysis of its validation and reliability. METHODS: Convenience sampling by participant accessibility was used. The original version was adapted culturally and linguistically using the back-translation method, and a pilot study was done with 88 participants. Data processing and analysis was performed with the SPSS v.25 and LISREL v.9.2 statistical packages. The psychometric properties were studied in a sample of 8358 participants using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, and examining factorial invariance and internal consistency. RESULTS: The results confirmed a Spanish version with 27 items in five-dimensions: sensitivity to overstimulation (SOS), aesthetic sensitivity (AES), low sensory threshold (LST), fine psychophysiological discrimination (FPD) and harm avoidance (HA). Invariance across gender of this factor structure was demonstrated and reliability indices were good. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that the HSPS is an appropriate tool for evaluating high sensitivity in the adult Spanish population.

Working conditions, burnout and stress symptoms in university professors: validating a structural model of the mediating effect of perceived personal competence.

The purpose of this study has been to test, with a sample of 193 Professors of the University of Seville, a structural model on the mediating role of personal perceived competence in the appearance of burnout syndrome and stress symptoms under potentially stressful work conditions. The instruments used to evaluate were a socio-demographic and work-related data questionnaire, The Maslach Burnout Inventory (M.B.I.), The Labour Scale of Stress and the Magallanes Stress Scale. The model of strategy implementation and LISREL 8.71 were used. The estimated model was adjusted satisfactorily, ascertaining the mediating effect of perceived competence in the effect exerted by the work conditions studied on the depersonalization and personal fulfillment, as well as in the appearance of stress symptoms. The effect on the emotional exhaustion dimension was not confirmed. The latter also acted on the estimated model as a mediating variable, facilitating the negative impact of stressors on emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment.

Auditory Verbal Hallucinations: can Beliefs about Voices Mediate the Relationship Patients establish with them and Negative Affect?

This study was designed to find out whether a person's relationship with his voices and the negative affect he suffers from are mediated by beliefs about the voices. Research done to date shows contradictory results (Sorrell, Hayward, & Meddings, 2010, Vaughan & Fowler, 2004). A cross-sectional study was done to study the associations among variables, and a multiple mediation model (Preacher & Hayes, 2008) in which the beliefs about voices were the mediating variables was tested. Sixty subjects who heard voices participated. The VAY (Hayward, Denney, Vaughan, & Fowler, 2008), BAVQ (Chadwick & Birchwood, 1995), BAI (Beck & Steer, 1993) and BDI-II (Beck, Steer & Brown, 1996) were given. We found a significant positive correlation between perception of voices as dominant and intrusive and maintaining a position of distance from them on one hand, and negative affect [anxiety (r = .57, p < .001; r = .40, p < .001; r = .34, p < .01 respectively) and depression (r = .58, p < .001; r = .37, p < .01; r = .38, p < .001 respectively)] on the other. We also found that beliefs of malevolence and omnipotence mediated between relating style and negative affect (anxiety and depression). The theoretical implications of the results and clinical implications of the mediating relationships found are discussed.

Oral health-related quality of life after dental treatment in patients with intellectual disability

BACKGROUND: The influence of dental treatment on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) has rarely been evaluated in patients with intellectual disability (ID) through validated questionnaires. The aim of this study was to estimate the changes on OHRQOL in patients with ID after the implementation of an institutional dental treatment program under general anesthesia using the Franciscan Hospital for Children Oral Health-Related Quality of Life questionnaire (FHCOHRQOL-Q). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted on 85 patients (mean age=24.85 years) classified according to DSM-V whose parents/caregivers completed the FHC-OHRQOL-Q. We analyzed the changes in the questionnaire's overall score and its dimensions from pre-treatment to 12-months of follow-up, considering effect sizes and minimal important differences estimated by the standard measurement error. The impact of clinical and therapeutic factors was evaluated using univariate and multiple linear regression analysis (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Significant improvement of OHRQOL was found after dental treatment in oral symptoms (p ≤ 0.001), daily life problems (p = 0.018), parent's perceptions (p = 0.013) and FHCOHRQOL-Q's overall score (p = 0.001). OHRQOL changes exhibited an intermediate magnitude (0.38-0.21) as estimated by effect sizes. Changes in oral symptoms showed positive correlation with DMFT index (r = 0.375, p = 0.002), decayed teeth (r = 0.244, p = 0.036), dental extractions (r = 0.424, p < 0.001) and number of treatments (r = 0.255, p = 0.019). The improvement was greater in patients with ≥ 4 decayed teeth (p = 0.049) and undergoing ≥ 2 dental extractions (p = 0.002). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that dental extractions (p < 0.001) and DMFT index ( p= 0.028) were significantly related to oral symptom improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Dental treatment under general anesthesia showed a positive effect on the overall FHC-OHRQOL-Q score and most of its dimensions. At 12-months of follow-up, the improvement of oral symptoms was significantly associated with DMFT index, decayed teeth, dental extractions and number of treatments. In our clinical setting, the implementation of a dental treatment program enhanced the OHRQOL of patients with ID

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Locus of control patterns in headaches and chronic pain.

BACKGROUND: Locus of control (LOC) is related to the impact of headaches and chronic pain; however, literature evidence regarding LOC is not always consistent. Several authors consider this to be due, in part, to the separate interpretation of LOC factors, during which the interaction among them is ignored. In 1982, Wallston and Wallston proposed eight possible LOC health patterns depending on whether the individual scored high or low in each of three dimensions. OBJECTIVE: To identify these LOC patterns in patients with headaches and chronic pain, and to validate them in terms of their association with a selection of the main pain indicators. METHODS: A total of 228 individuals were recruited at three public centres in Seville, Spain. Participants completed a semistructured clinical interview and several questionnaires assessing psychological variables related to pain. The main statistical analyses used were two-step cluster analysis and ANCOVA. RESULTS: The six-cluster solution was optimal. The patterns observed coincided with: the believer in control; the yea-sayer; the pure chance; the pure internal; the pure professional; and the nay-sayer clusters. The double external or type VI clusters were not observed. Clusters could be classified from the best to the worst adjustment to chronic pain. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the empirical validity of the theoretical model of LOC patterns proposed in 1982 by Wallston and Wallston among a chronic pain population. The analysis of patterns provides more accurate information regarding the adjustment to pain compared with analysis of the LOC factors separately.

Validation of the Spanish version of the Franciscan Hospital for Children Oral Health-Related Quality of Life questionnaire

BACKGROUND: The Franciscan Hospital for Children Oral Health-Related Quality of Life questionnaire (FHC-OHRQOL-Q) is an instrument designed specifically for parents and caregivers of patients with special needs that has not yet been applied in Spain. The aim of this study was to adapt it to Spanish and evaluate its reliability and validity in patients with intellectual disability (ID) treated under general anesthesia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted in two different stages: a) cross-cultural adaptation of the original questionnaire, and b) cross-sectional study on 100 parents and caregivers who completed the piloted FHC-OHRQOL-Q. The patients were examined according to the WHO methodology. Dental treatments performed were recorded. Statistical tests were used to evaluate reliability (internal consistency) and validity (content, criterion, construct and discriminant) of the instrument. RESULTS: The mean age was 24 years (range = 4-71 years). The most frequent causes of ID were psychomotor retardation (25%) and cerebral palsy (24%). The items most frequently answered by parents and caregivers were eating and nutrition problems (80%) and bad breath/taste (57%). Reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient) was considered excellent (alpha = 0.80-0.95). The analysis of the factorial validity yielded similar results to the original questionnaire. The high response rate of items (> 96%) allowed content validity. Criterion validity was confirmed by a significant correlation with questions on oral health and oral well-being. Discriminant validity was demonstrated by the significant association of ≥ 21.5 years of age with worse oral symptoms (p = 0.034) and parental concerns (p = 0.005), DMFT index ≥ 3 with daily life problems (p = 0.02), ≥ 4 decayed teeth with daily life problems (p = 0,001= daily life problems (p = 0.002) and parent ́s perceptions (p = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS: The FHC-OHRQOL-Q in Spanish is a reliable and valid instrument to apply in clinical practice to evaluate the impact of OHRQOL in mostly adult patients with ID, accessible to Spanish-speaking parents and caregivers

"Entrenando a familias". Evaluación de un programa de optimización de actitudes parentales en un club de fútbol / No disponible

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Spanish adaptation of the Varieties of Inner Speech Questionnaire (VISQ). Study of the relationship between inner speech, dissociation, and hallucination proneness / Adaptación al español del Varieties of Inner Speech Questionnaire (VIQS). Estudio de la relación entre diálogo interno, disociación y propensión a las alucinaciones

Inner speech is a familiar experience for us but, in general, few systematic studies have been done on the subject. Recent studies have included this phenomenon in the development of auditory hallucinations. The purpose of this article is to propose and validate the Spanish version of the Varieties of Inner Speech Questionnaire (VISQ), to which we have added a new factor called Dialogues with Self-Positions in Inner Speech. It is further intended to test the relationship between this scale, dissociation, and proneness to hallucinations. For this purpose, 318 students completed the VISQ, plus a dissociation scale and another one for hallucination proneness. The results show the scale's good psychometric reliability and validity. Dissociation was found to mediate between the VISQ scale and hallucination proneness. The implications for hallucination models and future lines of research are discussed

El habla interna [inner speech] es una experiencia familiar para nosotros pero que ha sido en general poco estudiada de manera sistemática. Recientes estudios han incluido este fenómeno en el desarrollo de las alucinaciones auditivas. En el presente artículo se pretende revisar y validar la escala Varieties of Inner Speech Questionnaire (VISQ) en castellano, añadiendo además una quinta escala denominada Posiciones del Yo en el Lenguaje Interno. Además, se pretende comprobar la relación entre las diferentes escalas, la disociación y la propensión a las alucinaciones verbales. Para ello 318 estudiantes completaron la VISQ-R más una medida de disociación y otra de propensión a las alucinaciones. Los resultados muestran unas buenas propiedades psicométricas de fiabilidad y validez en la escala VISQ-R. Los modelos de mediación, por su parte, indican un papel de mediación de las medidas de disociación entre todas las escalas del VISQ-R menos el lenguaje interno dialógico y la propensión a las alucinaciones verbales. Se discuten las implicaciones para los modelos de las alucinaciones verbales y futuras líneas de investigación

[Development and validation of a scale to assess positive youth development values]. / Desarrollo y validación de una escala de valores para el desarrollo positivo adolescente.

This paper describes the development of a self-report scale for adolescents to assess positive youth development values. It presents a substantial number of psychometric results performed on a sample of 2,400 adolescents (1,068 boys and 1,332 girls) from 12 to 17 years ( M = 14.73, SD = 1.25), who were studying secondary education in Western Andalusia. The results provide evidence of the psychometric quality of items, cross-validity of a structure of eight first-order factors and three second-order factors, obtained through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and adequate reliability. This study concludes that the scale presents adequate evidence of validity and reliability that allows assessment, especially in school contexts, of a broad set of values of particular relevance to positive youth development.

Auditory verbal hallucinations: can beliefs about voices mediate the relationship patients establish with them and negative affect?

This study was designed to find out whether a person’s relationship with his voices and the negative affect he suffers from are mediated by beliefs about the voices. Research done to date shows contradictory results (Sorrell, Hayward, & Meddings, 2010, Vaughan & Fowler, 2004). A cross-sectional study was done to study the associations among variables, and a multiple mediation model (Preacher & Hayes, 2008) in which the beliefs about voices were the mediating variables was tested. Sixty subjects who heard voices participated. The VAY (Hayward, Denney, Vaughan, & Fowler, 2008), BAVQ (Chadwick & Birchwood, 1995), BAI (Beck & Steer, 1993) and BDI-II (Beck, Steer & Brown, 1996) were given. We found a significant positive correlation between perception of voices as dominant and intrusive and maintaining a position of distance from them on one hand, and negative affect [anxiety (r = .57, p < .001; r = .40, p < .001; r = .34, p < .01 respectively) and depression (r = .58, p < .001; r = .37, p < .01; r = .38, p < .001 respectively)] on the other. We also found that beliefs of malevolence and omnipotence mediated between relating style and negative affect (anxiety and depression). The theoretical implications of the results and clinical implications of the mediating relationships found are discussed (AU)

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Spanish adaptation of the scale of psychological empowerment in the workplace

The objective of this study is to adapt and translate into Spanish Spreitzer’s Psychological Empowerment Scale (1995a). A process of translation and reverse-translation was applied to the scale’s items, whose psychometric properties were then examined using a sample of 272 professional nurses at public hospitals in the province of Seville. The data were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis. The significance of the factor loadings demonstrated the need to create a new model eliminating one item. The 11-item model was shown to possess adequate construct validity and internal consistency. The results confirm the original, four-factor structure obtained by Spreitzer, with the exception of item 10, and support the utilization of the Spanish version of this scale in the workplace. Future research should more extensively investigate its construct validity, and test the nomological network of the operationalized construct within the field of psychological well-being and in the context of the workplace (AU)

El objetivo de este estudio es adaptar al español la escala de Empoderamiento Psicológico en el trabajo desarrollada por Spreitzer (1995a). Se llevó a cabo un proceso de traducción y retrotraducción de los ítems que la componen y se exploraron sus propiedades psicométricas en una muestra de 272 profesionales de enfermería de hospitales públicos en la provincia de Sevilla. Los datos se sometieron a un análisis factorial confirmatorio. La significación del peso factorial mostró la necesidad de especificar un nuevo modelo eliminando un ítem. La versión de 11 ítems mostró una adecuada validez de constructo y consistencia interna. Los resultados confirman la estructural factorial original de cuatro factores obtenida por Spreitzer, a excepción del ítem 10, y apoyan la utilización de la versión española de esta escala en contextos laborales. Futuras investigaciones deben profundizar en la validación del constructo y probar la red nomológica de la operacionalización del constructo en el ámbito del bienestar psicológico en el contexto laboral (AU)

Desarrollo y validación de una escala de valores para el desarrollo positivo adolescente / Development and validation of a scale to assess positive youth development values

Este artículo describe el desarrollo de una escala de autoinforme para adolescentes que tiene como objetivo evaluar valores en el marco de la promoción del desarrollo positivo adolescente. Igualmente, presenta un número sustantivo de resultados psicométricos realizados para su construcción con una muestra de 2.400 adolescentes (1.068 chicos y 1.332 chicas) de 12 a 17 años (M= 14,73, DT= 1,25), que cursaban estudios de Educación Secundaria en centros de Andalucía occidental. Los resultados obtenidos han aportado evidencias de la calidad psicométrica de los ítems, de validez cruzada de una estructura de ocho factores de primer orden y tres de segundo orden, obtenida a través de análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios, y de adecuados índices de fiabilidad. En este estudio se concluye que la escala desarrollada constituye un instrumento con importantes evidencias de validez y fiabilidad que permite explorar, especialmente en contextos escolares, un conjunto amplio de valores de especial relevancia para el Desarrollo Positivo Adolescente (AU)

This paper describes the development of a self-report scale for adolescents to assess positive youth development values. It presents a substantial number of psychometric results performed on a sample of 2,400 adolescents (1,068 boys and 1,332 girls) from 12 to 17 years (M= 14.73, SD= 1.25), who were studying secondary education in Western Andalusia. The results provide evidence of the psychometric quality of items, cross-validity of a structure of eight first-order factors and three second-order factors, obtained through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and adequate reliability. This study concludes that the scale presents adequate evidence of validity and reliability that allows assessment, especially in school contexts, of a broad set of values of particular relevance to positive youth development (AU)

Working conditions, Burnout and stress symptoms in university professors: validating a structural model of the mediating effect of perceived personal competence

The purpose of this study has been to test, with a sample of 193 Professors of the University of Seville, a structural model on the mediating role of personal perceived competence in the appearance of burnout syndrome and stress symptoms under potentially stressful work conditions. The instruments used to evaluate were a socio-demographic and work-related data questionnaire, The Maslach Burnout Inventory (M.B.I.), The Labour Scale of Stress and the Magallanes Stress Scale. The model of strategy implementation and LISREL 8.71 were used. The estimated model was adjusted satisfactorily, ascertaining the mediating effect of perceived competence in the effect exerted by the work conditions studied on the depersonalization and personal fulfillment, as well as in the appearance of stress symptoms. The effect on the emotional exhaustion dimension was not confirmed. The latter also acted on the estimated model as a mediating variable, facilitating the negative impact of stressors on emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment (AU)

El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido poner a prueba, en una muestra de 193 profesores de la Universidad de Sevilla, un modelo estructural sobre el papel mediador de la competencia personal percibida en la aparición del síndrome de burnout y la sintomatología de estrés ante condiciones de trabajo potencialmente estresantes. Los instrumentos de evaluación fueron: un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos y laborales elaborado al efecto, la Escala Laboral de Estrés (ELE), el Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) y la Escala Magallanes de Estrés (EMEST). Se utilizó la estrategia de «desarrollo del modelo» y el programa LISREL 8.71. El modelo estimado se ajustó satisfactoriamente, constatándose el papel mediador de la competencia percibida en el efecto ejercido por las condiciones de trabajo estresantes sobre la despersonalización y realización personal, así como sobre la sintomatología de estrés. No se confirmó su efecto mediador sobre la dimensión cansancio emocional. Esta última actuó también en el modelo estimado como variable mediadora, facilitando el impacto negativo de los factores estresantes sobre despersonalización, realización personal y sintomatología de estrés (AU)

Estudio del burnout entre los profesionales de los Equipos de Tratamiento Familiar en la atención a las familias en riesgo psicosocial / No disponible

Este trabajo presenta un estudio de los niveles de burnout en los profesionales delos Equipos de Tratamiento Familiar de la Junta de Andalucía que trabajan con familiasen riesgo psicosocial que tienen menores a su cargo para conocer los factores de riesgo yde protección que pueden afectar a su práctica. Se presentan los estudios que desde losconceptos de transferencia-contratransferencia, traumatización vicaria, estrés traumáticosecundario y burnout han tenido en cuenta la persona del profesional para el trabajo concasos de maltrato y violencia.Se aplicó la escala de Maslach (Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) a 159 profesionalesde estos equipos, de los cuales 125 fueron mujeres (78,6%) y 34 fueron hombres(21,4%). Se recogieron algunas variables relacionadas con aspectos psicosociales delos profesionales, titulación, años de experiencia, y otros elementos relacionados conla satisfacción en el trabajo. Los resultados muestran que los profesionales de losEquipos de Tratamiento Familiar presentan unos niveles medios en cuanto a burnout.Las variables que han mostrado relación con bajos niveles de burnout han sido todasvariables “organizacionales” que entran en juego en el análisis de las relaciones quemantienen las personas con su propio trabajo y con el resto de los integrantes del Equipo de Tratamiento Familiar. Se concluye con el análisis del alto porcentaje de profesionales que realizaron laprueba (398) y no la entregaron para discutir los resultados y proponer medidas en laprevención del cansancio emocional y despersonalización futura en estos equipos(AU)

This paper presents a study of levels of professional burnout in the Family TreatmentTeams of the Andalusian working with families who have psychosocial risk childrenin their care to know the risk factors and protective measures that may affect practice.Studies are presented from the concepts of transference and countertransference, vicarioustraumatization, secondary traumatic stress and burnout have been considered professionalperson to work with cases of abuse and violence. Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) wasapplied to 159 professionals in these teams, 125 women (78.6%) and 34 men (21.4%).We collected some variables related to psychosocial aspects of professional qualifications,years of experience, and other elements related to job satisfaction. The resultsshow that professionals in the Family Treatment teams have average levels in termsof burnout. The variables that have shown respect low levels of burnout have been allvariables “organizational” that come into play in analyzing the relationships they havepeople with their own work and the other members of the Family Treatment Team.We conclude with an analysis of the high percentage of professionals who did thetest (398) and not given to discuss the results and propose measures in preventing futureemotional exhaustion and depersonalization in these teams(AU)