Development of a predictive inpatient falls risk model using machine learning.

AIM: The aims of this study were to create a model that detects the population at risk of falls taking into account a fall prevention variable and to know the effect on the model's performance when not considering it. BACKGROUND: Traditionally, instruments for detecting fall risk are based on risk factors, not mitigating factors. Machine learning, which allows working with a wider range of variables, could improve patient risk identification. METHODS: The sample was composed of adult patients admitted to the Internal Medicine service (total, n = 22,515; training, n = 11,134; validation, n = 11,381). A retrospective cohort design was used and we applied machine learning technics. Variables were extracted from electronic medical records electronic medical records. RESULTS: The Two-Class Bayes Point Machine algorithm was selected. Model-A (with a fall prevention variable) obtained better results than Model-B (without it) in sensitivity (0.74 vs. 0.71), specificity (0.82 vs. 0.74), and AUC (0.82 vs. 0.78). CONCLUSIONS: Fall prevention was a key variable. The model that included it detected the risk of falls better than the model without it. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: We created a decision-making support tool that helps nurses to identify patients at risk of falling. When it is integrated in the electronic medical records, it decreases nurses' workloads by not having to collect information manually.

Predictive Modeling of Pressure Injury Risk in Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit.

BACKGROUND: Pressure injuries are an important problem in hospital care. Detecting the population at risk for pressure injuries is the first step in any preventive strategy. Available tools such as the Norton and Braden scales do not take into account all of the relevant risk factors. Data mining and machine learning techniques have the potential to overcome this limitation. OBJECTIVES: To build a model to detect pressure injury risk in intensive care unit patients and to put the model into production in a real environment. METHODS: The sample comprised adult patients admitted to an intensive care unit (N = 6694) at University Hospital of Torrevieja and University Hospital of Vinalopó. A retrospective design was used to train (n = 2508) and test (n = 1769) the model and then a prospective design was used to test the model in a real environment (n = 2417). Data mining was used to extract variables from electronic medical records and a predictive model was built with machine learning techniques. The sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve, and accuracy of the model were evaluated. RESULTS: The final model used logistic regression and incorporated 23 variables. The model had sensitivity of 0.90, specificity of 0.74, and area under the curve of 0.89 during the initial test, and thus it outperformed the Norton scale. The model performed well 1 year later in a real environment. CONCLUSIONS: The model effectively predicts risk of pressure injury. This allows nurses to focus on patients at high risk for pressure injury without increasing workload.

[Knowledge and attitudes of health professionals towards advance directives]. / Grado de conocimiento y actitudes de los profesionales sanitarios sobre el documento de voluntades anticipadas.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the degree of knowledge and attitudes of medical and nursing professionals in two health departments to advance directives, as well as to examine their association with the sociodemographic and occupational variables of the professionals. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey on 329 health professionals was carried out through the internet and a standardised procedure. The knowledge and attitudes of the professionals about advance directives were examined using two validated questionnaires of 17 and 12 items, respectively. Sociodemographic and professional data were also collected from the participants. RESULTS: 45% of the professionals were physicians, with X¯=13,1 (SD: 8.3) years of professional experience. Sixty-seven point five percent were women and the mean age was 38.9 (SD: 9.2) years. Professionals had very positive attitudes towards the advance directives document (X¯=75.37;SD: 11.97;R=0-90), although their level of knowledge about them was medium-low (X¯=9.31;SD: 2.73;R=0-18). Both the level of knowledge and self-perception were associated with previous training in palliative care, experience with document management, reading, or the demand for information. Completing the document related to self-perception of knowledge. Attitudes towards the document related to experience in its use and a positive attitude toward training. CONCLUSIONS: The professionals showed positive attitudes towards the advance directive document although low knowledge about it. Experience with the document was the only variable associated with both the knowledge and the attitudes of the professionals.

Grado de conocimiento y actitudes de los profesionales sanitarios sobre el documento de voluntades anticipadas / Knowledge and attitudes of health professionals towards advance directives

Objetivo: Evaluar el grado de conocimiento y las actitudes sobre el documento de voluntades anticipadas (DVA) del personal médico y de enfermería de dos departamentos sanitarios, así como examinar su asociación con variables sociodemográficas y laborales de los profesionales. Método: Se realizó una encuesta transversal a 329 profesionales a través de Internet y mediante un procedimiento estandarizado. Se examinaron los conocimientos y las actitudes hacia el DVA utilizando dos cuestionarios validados de 17 y 12 ítems, respectivamente. Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos y profesionales. Resultados: El 45% fueron médicos/as, con una media de 13,1 (desviación típica [DT]: 8,3) años de experiencia profesional. El 67,5% fueron mujeres, con una edad media de 38,9 (DT: 9,2) años. Tuvieron actitudes muy positivas hacia el documento (media: 75,37; DT: 11,97; R=0-90), a pesar de que su nivel de conocimientos fue medio-bajo (media: 9,31; DT: 2,73; R=0-18). Tanto el nivel de conocimientos como su autopercepción se asociaron a la formación previa en cuidados paliativos, a la experiencia en el manejo del documento, su lectura o la demanda de información. La suscripción del documento se relacionó con la autopercepción de los conocimientos. Las actitudes se asociaron con la experiencia en el manejo y la actitud positiva hacia la formación. Conclusiones: Los/las profesionales mostraron actitudes positivas hacia el DVA, pero escasos conocimientos sobre el mismo. La experiencia con el DVA fue la única variable que se asoció tanto a los conocimientos como a las actitudes de los profesionales

Objective: To evaluate the degree of knowledge and attitudes of medical and nursing professionals in two health departments to advance directives, as well as to examine their association with the sociodemographic and occupational variables of the professionals. Methods: A cross-sectional survey on 329 health professionals was carried out through the internet and a standardised procedure. The knowledge and attitudes of the professionals about advance directives were examined using two validated questionnaires of 17 and 12 items, respectively. Sociodemographic and professional data were also collected from the participants. Results: 45% of the professionals were physicians, with X¯=13,1 (SD: 8.3) years of professional experience. Sixty-seven point five percent were women and the mean age was 38.9 (SD: 9.2) years. Professionals had very positive attitudes towards the advance directives document (X¯=75.37;SD: 11.97;R=0-90), although their level of knowledge about them was medium-low (X¯=9.31;SD: 2.73;R=0-18). Both the level of knowledge and self-perception were associated with previous training in palliative care, experience with document management, reading, or the demand for information. Completing the document related to self-perception of knowledge. Attitudes towards the document related to experience in its use and a positive attitude toward training. Conclusions: The professionals showed positive attitudes towards the advance directive document although low knowledge about it. Experience with the document was the only variable associated with both the knowledge and the attitudes of the professionals