Efficacy of micrographic surgery versus conventional excision in reducing recurrence for basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The standard of care for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) involves excision by conventional surgery (CS) with a predefined safety margin of resection or micrographic surgery (MS) with microscopic margin control. Previous studies have reported the superiority of MS in reducing recurrences for high-risk BCC and SCC. This systematic review aimed to assess MS and CS recurrence rates by including randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and cohort studies. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted for related studies in PubMed, LILACS, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINHAL and Cochrane until May 2023. RCTs and cohorts involving patients with BCC or SCC submitted to MS and CS were included. Risk of bias assessment followed Cochrane-recommended tools for RCTs and cohorts, and certainty of evidence followed the GRADE approach. Pooled estimates were used to determine the relative risk (RR) and absolute risk difference (RD) using a random-effects model. Seventeen studies were included, two RCTs and fifteen cohorts. There were 82 recurrences in 3050 tumours submitted to MS, with an overall recurrence rate of 3.1% (95% CI 2.0%-4.7%). For CS, there were 209 recurrences in 3453 tumours, with a recurrence rate of 5.3% (95% CI 2.9%-9.3%). The combined estimate of RR was 0.48 (95% CI 0.36-0.63), without heterogeneity nor evidence of publication bias (p > 0.3). The RD resulted in 2.9% (95% CI 1.0%-4.9%; NNT = 35). Regarding subgroup analysis, the RR for BBC was 0.37 (95% CI 0.25-0.54), and RD was 3.7% (95% CI 0.8%-6.5%; NNT = 28). For SCC, RR was 0.57 (95% CI 0.29-1.13), and RD was 1.9% (95% CI 0.8%-4.7%; NNT = 53). Among primary tumours, RR was 0.39 (95% CI 0.28-0.54), and for recurrent tumours was 0.67 (95% CI 0.30-1.50). There is moderate evidence based on two RCTs, and low evidence based on 15 cohort studies that MS is superior to CS in reducing recurrences of BCCs and primary tumours. The development of protocols that maximize the cost-effectiveness of each method in different clinical scenarios is paramount.

Bullosis diabeticorum as a differential diagnosis for limb ulcers: case report.

Bullosis diabeticorum (BD) is an uncommon cutaneous manifestation of diabetes that can affect the upper limbs. It is characterized by spontaneous and painless non-inflammatory bloody blisters, which can progress to necrosis, requiring differential diagnosis to rule out other dermatological diseases, such as porphyria cutanea tarda, pseudoporphyria, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, and pemphigoid, and vascular diseases, such as vasculitis, peripheral arterial disease, and Buerger's disease, among others. In this report, we describe a 77-year-old male patient with poorly controlled diabetes and hypertension who presented with spontaneous onset of lesions on the upper limbs, initially with bullous characteristics, progressing to necrotic ulcers after spontaneous rupture. A biopsy revealed hyaline thickening of the dermal vessels and subcorneal bullae, consistent with a diagnosis of BD. After smoking cessation and optimization of glycemia control combined with topical corticosteroid therapy, the condition improved and lesions began to heal. This presentation of BD involving the upper limbs is rare, requiring differential diagnosis to rule out other cutaneous and vascular lesions.

Bullosis diabeticorum como diagnóstico diferencial de úlcera de membros: relato de caso / Bullosis diabeticorum as a differential diagnosis for limb ulcers: case report

Resumo A bullosis diabeticorum (BD) é uma manifestação cutânea infrequente do diabetes e pode afetar os membros superiores. Caracteriza-se pelo aparecimento espontâneo e indolor de flictenas não inflamatórias de aspecto sanguinolento, que podem evoluir para necrose, requerendo que se faça diagnóstico diferencial com doenças dermatológicas, como porfiria cutânea tarda, pseudoporfiria, epidermólise bolhosa adquirida e penfigoide bolhoso, e doenças vasculares, como vasculites, doença arterial periférica, doença de Buerger, entre outras. Neste relato, descreve-se o caso de um paciente masculino de 77 anos, hipertenso e diabético mal controlado, apresentando aparecimento espontâneo de lesões bolhosas de membros superiores, que evoluíram, após ruptura espontânea, para ulcerosas necróticas. A biópsia da lesão diagnosticou a presença de espessamento hialino de vasos dérmicos e de bolhas subcórneas, compatíveis com o diagnóstico de BD. Após a interrupção do tabagismo e a otimização do controle glicêmico associado a corticoterapia tópica, houve melhora, com cicatrização das lesões. A apresentação da BD em membros superiores é mais rara, sendo necessário o diagnóstico diferencial com outras lesões cutâneas e vasculares.

Abstract Bullosis diabeticorum (BD) is an uncommon cutaneous manifestation of diabetes that can affect the upper limbs. It is characterized by spontaneous and painless non-inflammatory bloody blisters, which can progress to necrosis, requiring differential diagnosis to rule out other dermatological diseases, such as porphyria cutanea tarda, pseudoporphyria, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, and pemphigoid, and vascular diseases, such as vasculitis, peripheral arterial disease, and Buerger's disease, among others. In this report, we describe a 77-year-old male patient with poorly controlled diabetes and hypertension who presented with spontaneous onset of lesions on the upper limbs, initially with bullous characteristics, progressing to necrotic ulcers after spontaneous rupture. A biopsy revealed hyaline thickening of the dermal vessels and subcorneal bullae, consistent with a diagnosis of BD. After smoking cessation and optimization of glycemia control combined with topical corticosteroid therapy, the condition improved and lesions began to heal. This presentation of BD involving the upper limbs is rare, requiring differential diagnosis to rule out other cutaneous and vascular lesions.