RESUMEN
The generation of neuronal cells from stem cells obtained from adult bone marrow is of significant clinical interest in order to design new cell therapy protocols for several neurological disorders. The recent identification in adult bone marrow of stem cells derived from the neural crest stem cells (NCSC) might explain the neuronal phenotypic plasticity shown by bone marrow cells. However, little information is available about the nature of these cells compared to mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), including their similarities and differences. In this paper, using transcriptomic as well as proteomic technologies, we compared NCSC to MSC and stromal nestin-positive cells, all of them isolated from adult bone marrow. We demonstrated that the nestin-positive cell population, which was the first to be described as able to differentiate into functional neurons, was a mixed population of NCSC and MSC. More interestingly, we demonstrated that MSC shared with NCSC the same ability to truly differentiate into Tuj1-positive cells when co-cultivated with paraformaldehyde-fixed cerebellar granule neurons. Altogether, those results suggest that both NCSC and MSC can be considered as important tools for cellular therapies in order to replace neurons in various neurological diseases.
Asunto(s)
Células Madre Adultas/citología , Células de la Médula Ósea/citología , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/citología , Células-Madre Neurales/citología , Células Madre Adultas/metabolismo , Animales , Células de la Médula Ósea/metabolismo , Diferenciación Celular , Células Cultivadas , Proteínas de Filamentos Intermediarios/metabolismo , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Transgénicos , Células Madre Multipotentes/citología , Células Madre Multipotentes/metabolismo , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/metabolismo , Nestina , Cresta Neural/citología , Cresta Neural/metabolismo , Células-Madre Neurales/metabolismo , Proteoma , Ratas , Transducción de Señal , TranscriptomaRESUMEN
The generation of neuronal cells from stem cells obtained from adult bone marrow is of significant clinical interest in order to design new cell therapy protocols for several neurological disorders. The recent identification in adult bone marrow of stem cells derived from the neural crests (NCSCs) might explain the neuronal phenotypic plasticity shown by bone marrow cells. However, little information is available about the nature of these cells compared to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this paper, we will review all information available concerning NCSC from adult tissues and their possible use in regenerative medicine. Moreover, as multiple recent studies showed the beneficial effect of bone marrow stromal cells in neurodegenerative diseases, we will discuss which stem cells isolated from adult bone marrow should be more suitable for cell replacement therapy.
Asunto(s)
Células de la Médula Ósea/citología , Diferenciación Celular , Cresta Neural/citología , Cresta Neural/trasplante , Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas/terapia , Adulto , Tratamiento Basado en Trasplante de Células y Tejidos , Humanos , Neuronas/citología , Medicina Regenerativa , Trasplante de Células MadreRESUMEN
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046425.].
RESUMEN
Bone marrow stromal cells are adult multipotent cells that represent an attractive tool in cellular therapy strategies. Several studies have reported that in vitro passaging of mesenchymal stem cells alters the functional and biological properties of those cells, leading to the accumulation of genetic aberrations. Recent studies described bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) as mixed populations of cells including mesenchymal (MSC) and neural crest stem cells (NCSC). Here, we report the transformation of NCSC into tumorigenic cells, after in vitro long-term passaging. Indeed, the characterization of 6 neural crest-derived clones revealed the presence of one tumorigenic clone. Transcriptomic analyses of this clone highlighted, among others, numerous cell cycle checkpoint modifications and chromosome 11q down-regulation (suggesting a deletion of chromosome 11q) compared with the other clones. Moreover, unsupervised analysis such as a dendrogram generated after agglomerative hierarchical clustering comparing several transcriptomic data showed important similarities between the tumorigenic neural crest-derived clone and mammary tumor cell lines. Altogether, it appeared that NCSC isolated from adult bone marrow represents a potential danger for cellular therapy, and consequently, we recommend that phenotypic, functional and genetic assays should be performed on bone marrow mesenchymal and neural crest stem cells before in vivo use, to demonstrate whether their biological properties, after ex vivo expansion, remain suitable for clinical application.