RESUMEN
Due to global demand, millions of tons of plastics have been widely consumed, resulting in the widespread entry of vast amounts of microplastic particles into the environment. The presence of microplastics (MPs) in water supplies, including bottled water, has undergone systematic review, assessing the potential impacts of MPs on humans through exposure assessment. The main challenges associated with current technologies lie in their ability to effectively treat and completely remove MPs from drinking and supply water. While the risks posed by MPs upon entering the human body have not yet been fully revealed, there is a predicted certainty of negative impacts. This review encompasses a range of current technologies, spanning from basic to advanced treatments and varying in scale. However, given the frequent detection of MPs in drinking and bottled water, it becomes imperative to implement comprehensive management strategies to address this issue effectively. Consequently, integrating current technologies with management options such as life-cycle assessment, circular economy principles, and machine learning is crucial to eliminating this pervasive problem.
Asunto(s)
Microplásticos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Purificación del Agua , Abastecimiento de Agua , Microplásticos/análisis , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Purificación del Agua/métodos , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Agua Potable/química , Plásticos/análisisRESUMEN
Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) are artificial platforms that allow aquatic emergent plants to grow in water. Aquatic macrophytes and microorganisms attached to plant roots contribute to the remediation of the contaminated water through physicochemical and biological processes. The pollutant removal treatment performance is affected by various factors, including the plant species. In this study, several plant species, i.e. Canna generalis, Phragmites australis, Pennisetum purpureum, Cyperus alternifolius rottb, Kyllinga brevifolia rottb, and Cyperus ordoratus were investigated for their potential to clean-up water from the Hang Bang canal in Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam). Canna generalis, Phragmites australis, and Cyperus alternifolius were found to be suitable for FTWs with the highest performance compared to that of other plant species investigated. The organic and nitrogen removal rates amounted to 48-70 g COD m-3 d-1 and 0.7-1.2 g N m-3 d-1, respectively, whereas the reduction of pathogens was around 1.86-3.00 log. Furthermore, FTW systems bring other benefits such as improving ecosystem functioning and biodiversity, producing value-added products from plant biomass, as well as attracting the attention of communities, thus increasing social acceptance of environmental technology interventions.
Asunto(s)
Calidad del Agua , Humedales , Vietnam , Biodegradación Ambiental , Nitrógeno/análisis , Plantas , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Cyperus , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodos , Purificación del Agua/métodosRESUMEN
Two reciprocating membranes (rMBR) with two frequencies of 0.46 Hz (rMBR-0.46) and 0.3 Hz (rMBR-0.3) were operated to compare the treatment performance and gross energy consumption with a conventional MBR. The average organic removal rates of MBR, rMBR-0.46 and rMBR-0.3 were maintained 295 ± 51; 823 ± 296; and 397 ± 129 mgCOD/gVSS.d, respectively. Nitrogen removal was enhanced in rMBR phases compared to conventional MBR phase due to anoxic membrane chamber. Further, fouling rate was found to be highest of 16.5 mbar/day (at conventional MBR phase), which was and much decreased to1.0 mbar/day (at rMBR-0.46 phase) and then 0.2 mbar/day (rMBR-0.3 phase). The reciprocation membrane also showed energy potential by saving 10.6% electricity for each treated cubic meter of wastewater compared to the conventional MBR.
Asunto(s)
Membranas Artificiales , Aguas Residuales , Electricidad , Reactores Biológicos , Nitrógeno , Aguas del AlcantarilladoRESUMEN
For years, agrochemical fertilizers have been used in agriculture for crop production. However, intensive utilization of chemical fertilizers is not an ecological and environmental choice since they are destroying soil health and causing an emerging threat to agricultural production on a global scale. Under the circumstances of the increasing utilization of chemical fertilizers, cultivating microalgae to produce biofertilizers would be a wise solution since desired environmental targets will be obtained including (1) replacing chemical fertilizer while improving crop yields and soil health; (2) reducing the harvest of non-renewable elements from limited natural resources for chemical fertilizers production, and (3) mitigating negative influences of climate change through CO2 capture through microalgae cultivation. Recent improvements in microalgae-derived-biofertilizer-applied agriculture will be summarized in this review article. At last, the recent challenges of applying biofertilizers will be discussed as well as the perspective regarding the concept of circular bio-economy and sustainable development goals (SDGs).
Asunto(s)
Microalgas , Fertilizantes , Agricultura , Suelo , Producción de CultivosRESUMEN
Floating treatment wetlands (FTW) are nature-based solutions for the purification of open water systems such as rivers, ponds, and lakes polluted by diffuse sources as untreated or partially treated domestic wastewater and agricultural run-off. Compared with other physicochemical and biological technologies, FTW is a technology with low-cost, simple configuration, easy to operate; has a relatively high efficiency, and is energy-saving, and aesthetic. Water remediation in FTWs is supported by plant uptake and the growth of a biofilm on the water plant roots, so the selection of the macrophyte species is critical, not only to pollutant removal but also to the local ecosystem integrity, especially for full-scale implementation. The key factors such as buoyant frame/raft, plant growth support media, water depth, seasonal variation, and temperature have a considerable role in the design, operation, maintenance, and pollutant treatment performance of FTW. Harvesting is a necessary process to maintain efficient operation by limiting the re-pollution of plants in the decay phase. Furthermore, the harvested plant biomass can serve as a green source for the recovery of energy and value-added products.
Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Humedales , Ecosistema , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Biodegradación Ambiental , Plantas , Agua , Nitrógeno/análisisRESUMEN
Data corroborated in this study highlights laundry wastewater as a primary source of microfibers (MFs) in the aquatic environment. MFs can negatively impact the aquatic ecosystem via five possible pathways, namely, acting as carriers of other contaminats, physical damage to digestive systems of aquatic organisms, blocking the digestive tract, releasing toxic chemicals, and harbouring invasive and noxious plankton and bacteria. This review shows that small devices to capture MFs during household laundry activities are simple to use and affordable at household level in developed countries. However, these low cost and small devices are unrealiable and can only achieve up to 40 % MF removal efficiency. In line filtration devices can achieve higher removal efficiency under well maintained condition but their performance is still limited compared to over 98 % MF removal by large scale centralized wastewater treatment. These results infer that effort to increase sanitation coverage to ensure adequate wastewater treatment prior to environmental discharge is likely to be more cost effective than those small devices for capturing MFs. This review also shows that natural fabrics would entail significantly less environmental consequences than synthetic materials. Contribution from the fashion industry to increase the share of natural frabics in the current textile market can also reduce the loading of plastic MFs in the environment.
Asunto(s)
Aguas Residuales , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Aguas Residuales/química , Ecosistema , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Plásticos , TextilesRESUMEN
Co-culture using microalgae-activated sludge in Sequencing Batch Photobioreactors (PBRs) was investigated for wastewater treatment performance. This study evaluated the effect of natural and artificial lighting conditons on treatment performance under consideration of energy consumption. The results found that the removal of nutrients and COD of natural lighting condition was only 10% and 13% lower than those of artificial lighting respectively. Generally, artificial lighting mode took an advantage in pollutants removal. However, standing at 0.294 kWh L-1, the total energy consumption of natural lighting was over two times less than that of artificial lighting. It reveals the natural lighting system played a dominant role for cutting energy costs significantly compared to artificial lighting one (â¼57%). As a practical viewpoint on energy aspect and treatment performance, a natural lighting PBR system would be a sustainable option for microalgae-activated sludge co-culture system treating wastewater.
Asunto(s)
Microalgas , Purificación del Agua , Biomasa , Técnicas de Cocultivo , Iluminación , Fotobiorreactores , Aguas del Alcantarillado , Aguas ResidualesRESUMEN
Novel phycosphere associated bacteria processes are being regarded as a potential and cost-effective strategy for controlling anthropogenic contaminants in wastewater treatment. However, the underlying concern with the process is its vulnerability to improper organic or nutrient intake. This study established a synergistic interaction between microalgae and activated sludge in a three-photobioreactor system (without external aeration) to understand how pollutants could be mitigated whilst simultaneously yielding biomass under different C/N ratios of 1:1, 5:1 and 10:1. The result showed that the superior biomass productivity was facilitated at a C/N ratio of 5:1 (106 mg L-1 d-1), and the high degradation rate constants (kCOD = 0.25 d-1, kTN = 0.29 d-1, kTP = 0.35 d-1) was approximated using a first-order kinetic model. The removal of pollutants was remarkably high, exceeding 90% (COD), 93% (TN), and 96% (TP). Nevertheless, the C/N ratio of 1:1 resulted in a threefold drop in biomass-specific growth rate (µ = 0.07 d-1). Microalgal assimilation, followed by bacterial denitrification, is the major pathway of removing total nitrogen when the C/N ratio exceeds 5:1. Activated sludge plays an important role in improving microalgae tolerance to high concentration of ammonia nitrogen and boosting nitrification (light phase) and denitrification (dark phase). The use of phycosphere associated bacteria could be a promising strategy for controlling nutrients pollution and other environmental considerations in wastewater.
Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Ambientales , Microalgas , Bacterias/metabolismo , Biomasa , Técnicas de Cocultivo , Contaminantes Ambientales/metabolismo , Microalgas/metabolismo , Nitrógeno/análisis , Aguas del Alcantarillado/microbiología , Aguas ResidualesRESUMEN
The discharged saline wastewater has severely influenced the aquatic environment as the treatment performance of many wastewater treatment techniques is limited. In addition, the sources of saline wastewater are also plentiful from agricultural and various industrial fields such as food processing, tannery, pharmaceutical, etc. Although high salinity levels negatively impact the performance of both physicochemical and biological processes, membrane bioreactor (MBR) processes are considered as a potential technology to treat saline wastewater under different salinity levels depending on the adaption of the microbial community. Therefore, this study aims to systematically review the application of MBR widely used in the saline wastewater treatment from the perspectives of microbial structure and treatment efficiencies. At last, the concept of carbon dioxide capture and storage will be proposed for the MBR-treating saline wastewater technologies and considered toward the circular economy with the target of zero emission.