RESUMEN
Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), a popular aquaculture species, is plagued by the disease scuticociliatosis caused by Miamiensis avidus, which has a high mortality rate and is typically treated with chemicals such as formalin and hydrogen peroxide. However, Carpesii fructus extract has shown potential as a natural therapeutic agent by reducing the motility of M. avidus. However, despite its potential importance, the effect of the extract on fish metabolism remains unknown. In this study, the effect of Carpesii fructus extract and formalin on fish metabolism was analysed by whole transcriptome analysis in the liver of P. olivaceus. A total of 37,796 transcripts were generated and differential expression genes (DEGs) were identified in the liver of P. olivaceus treated with Carpesii fructus extract or formalin. In addition, functional analysis of DEGs between treatment groups was presented using Gene Ontology. These results will be crucial for the study of scuticociliatosis in various fish species, including P. olivaceus, and for the development of therapeutic agents for other diseases.
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Herein, the effects of various alcohols on lecithin/CaCl2 organogels are investigated. Mixtures of lecithin and CaCl2 form reverse cylindrical micelles, resulting in optically transparent organogels. The addition of various alcohols to a mixture of lecithin and CaCl2 induces a decrease in viscosity through which reverse cylindrical micelles are transformed into spherical micelles (or short cylindrical micelles). Long-hydrocarbon-chain alcohols decrease the viscosity of lecithin/CaCl2 mixtures more efficiently. Hydrogen bonding and hydrocarbon chain interactions between lecithin and alcohol play important roles in the morphological transition. More importantly, isothermal titration calorimetry was conducted to obtain thermodynamic variables such as the enthalpy, equilibrium constant, Gibbs free energy, entropy, and stoichiometry of the associated molecules observed in the transition. It was found that the transition is an entropically driven process, in which the endothermic and exothermic behaviors were observed depending on the hydrocarbon chain length in the alcohol. In addition, the enthalpy for the association of the alcohol with lecithin showed a linear relationship depending on the hydrocarbon chain length, in which the magnitude of hydrogen bonding and hydrocarbon chain interactions was obtained quantitatively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the thermodynamic properties of the morphological transition observed in a reverse self-assembly process.
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Aberrant activation of a Wnt/ß-catenin pathway results in nuclear accumulation of ß-catenin in colon cancer. Inhibiting ß-catenin is one strategy for treating colon cancer. Here, we identified Z-ajoene, a sulfur containing compound isolated from crushed garlic, as an inhibitor of colon cancer cell growth. Z-Ajoene repressed ß-catenin response transcriptional activity, intracellular ß-catenin levels, and its representative target protein levels (c-Myc and cyclin D1) in SW480 colon cancer cells. To clarify the regulatory mechanism of decreased ß-catenin levels, we examined the effect of Z-ajoene on ß-catenin phosphorylation, which is involved in ß-catenin degradation. Z-Ajoene promoted the phosphorylation of ß-catenin at Ser45 in a casein kinase 1α (CK1α)-dependent manner, which is an essential step in ß-catenin degradation in the cytosol. These findings indicate that Z-ajoene from garlic may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent by modulating CK1α activity and the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Caseína Quinasa Ialfa/metabolismo , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias del Colon/tratamiento farmacológico , Disulfuros/farmacología , Fosforilación/efectos de los fármacos , beta Catenina/metabolismo , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular , Línea Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias del Colon/metabolismo , Ciclina D1/metabolismo , Ajo/química , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Sulfóxidos , Vía de Señalización Wnt/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
In relation to anti-inflammatory agents from medicinal plants, we have isolated three compounds from Atractylodes macrocephala; 1, 2-[(2E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl]-6-methyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1, 4-dione; 2, 1-acetoxy-tetradeca-6E,12E-diene-8, 10-diyne-3-ol; 3, 1,3-diacetoxy-tetradeca-6E, 12E-diene-8, 10-diyne. Compounds 1-3 showed concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Western blotting and RT-PCR analyses demonstrated that compounds 1-3 suppressed the protein and mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Furthermore, compounds 1-3 inhibited transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and nuclear translocation of NF-κB in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. The most active compound among them, compound 1, could reduce the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α) and suppress the phosphorylation of MAPK including p38, JNK, and ERK1/2. Taken together, these results suggest that compounds 1-3 from A. macrocephala can be therapeutic candidates to treat inflammatory diseases.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Atractylodes/química , Lipopolisacáridos/efectos adversos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Polímero Poliacetilénico/farmacología , Quinonas/farmacología , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/química , Ciclooxigenasa 2/genética , Ciclooxigenasa 2/metabolismo , Dinoprostona/metabolismo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/citología , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/genética , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Polímero Poliacetilénico/química , Quinonas/química , Células RAW 264.7 , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Excessive nitric oxide (NO) production by macrophages has been involved in inflammatory diseases. Seven polyphenols (1-7) were isolated from Broussonetia kazinoki (B. kazinoki) and investigated as potential inhibitors of NO overproduction in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Among them, four prenylated polyphenols (2-4 and 6) with a catechol moiety efficiently suppressed the LPS-induced high level of NO with IC50 values of less than 6 µM. The compounds 2-4 and 6 also attenuated protein and mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Moreover, they suppressed the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activity by inhibiting the degradation of inhibitory-κB-α (I-κB-α) and the translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus in LPS-activated macrophages. Taken together, these findings suggest that polyphenols from B. kazinoki might be beneficial for treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Broussonetia/química , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Polifenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Polifenoles/farmacología , Animales , Antioxidantes/química , Regulación hacia Abajo , Lipopolisacáridos/efectos adversos , Ratones , Estructura Molecular , Inhibidor NF-kappaB alfa/metabolismo , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/genética , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Polifenoles/química , Prenilación , Transporte de Proteínas/efectos de los fármacos , Células RAW 264.7RESUMEN
The overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by microglia may cause neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. From the activity-guided purification of Cullen corylifolium (L.) Medik. (syn. Psoralea corylifolia L.), three prenylated chalcones were identified: isobavachalcone (1), bavachromene (2), and kanzonol B (3). These prenylated chalcones showed concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on NO and PGE2 production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglia. Western blotting and RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that these prenylchalcones reduced the expression of protein and mRNA of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-activated microglia. Furthermore, three prenylated chalcones blocked the inhibitory-κBα (I-κBα) degradation and down-regulated nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) level of nucleus in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglia. Therefore, these prenylated chalcones from Psoralea corylifolia may be beneficial for the treatment of neuro-inflammatory diseases by modulating iNOS and COX-2 expressions in activated microglial cells.
Asunto(s)
Chalconas/farmacología , Fabaceae/química , Proteínas I-kappa B/metabolismo , Microglía/efectos de los fármacos , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/metabolismo , Animales , Línea Celular , Chalconas/química , Ciclooxigenasa 2/genética , Ciclooxigenasa 2/metabolismo , Dinoprostona/metabolismo , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Ratones , Microglía/metabolismo , Estructura Molecular , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/genética , PrenilaciónRESUMEN
We have isolated four sesquiterpenoids from Tussilago farfara, a traditional herbal medicine in Korea and China, and investigated the protective effects on LPS-induced neuronal cell death. Four sesquiterpenoids inhibited the production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2 and tumor necrosis factor-α in LPS-treated BV-2 cells through the inhibition of NF-κB pathway. These sesquiterpenoids also inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in LPS-treated BV-2 cells. Furthermore, they inhibited LPS-induced neuronal cell death in co-culture system through the inhibition of NF-κB pathway and scavenging of ROS. These results indicated that sesquiterpenoids from Tussilago farfara may have beneficial therapeutic potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases through inhibition of microglial activation.
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Flores/química , Neuronas/efectos de los fármacos , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Sesquiterpenos/farmacología , Tussilago/química , Animales , Muerte Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Lipopolisacáridos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Ratones , Estructura Molecular , FN-kappa B/antagonistas & inhibidores , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Neuronas/metabolismo , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/química , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/aislamiento & purificación , Células PC12 , Ratas , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/antagonistas & inhibidores , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Sesquiterpenos/química , Sesquiterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Abnormal activation of ß-catenin has been reported in 90% in the sporadic and hereditary colorectal cancer. The suppression of abnormally activated ß-catenin is one of the good strategies for chemoprevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. In this study, we have isolated two main compounds from root of Saussurea lappa, dehydrocostus lactone (DCL) and costunolide (CL), and investigated their anti-colorectal cancer activities. DCL and CL suppressed cyclin D1 and survivin through inhibiting nuclear translocation of ß-catenin. They also suppressed the nuclear translocation of galectin-3 that is one of the coactivators of ß-catenin in SW-480 colon cancer cells. Furthermore, DCL and CL suppressed proliferation and survival of SW-480 colon cancer cells through the induction of cell cycle arrest and cell death. Taken together, DCL and CL from root of S. lappa have anti-colorectal cancer activities through inhibiting Wnt/ß-catenin pathway.
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Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Lactonas/farmacología , Sesquiterpenos/farmacología , Vía de Señalización Wnt/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Sanguíneas , Puntos de Control del Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Ciclina D1/metabolismo , Galectina 3/metabolismo , Galectinas , Humanos , Proteínas Inhibidoras de la Apoptosis/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/química , Saussurea/química , Survivin , beta Catenina/metabolismoRESUMEN
Oxidative stress promotes several diseases, including liver disease. We have isolated several stilbenoids from Rheum undulatum to investigate their hepatoprotective activities and mechanism. Stilbenoids from R. undulatum protects hepatocytes against arachidonic acid + iron (AA + Fe) induced oxidative stress. Pterostilbene (compound 5) shows stronger activity than the others. Trimethoxystilbenoid (compound 6) shows best activity on protection of HepG2 cells from AA + Fe-induced oxidative stress, and trans-stilbenoid (compound 7) shows weak activity. These stilbenoids suppress ROS generation in AA + Fe-treated HepG2 cells and also suppress AA + Fe-induced MMP disruption. Their protective effects on AA + Fe-induced MMP disruption were abrogated by treatment of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor, compound C or transfection of dominant negative form of AMPK. Taken together, stilbenoids from R. undulatum protect hepatocytes against AA + Fe-induced oxidative stress through AMPK activation. And the methoxy groups in the aryl groups are important for their cytoprotective activity.
Asunto(s)
Hepatocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo , Rheum , Estilbenos/farmacología , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP/metabolismo , Ácido Araquidónico/metabolismo , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Fosforilación , Sustancias Protectoras/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Two new sesquiterpenoids, siegenolides A (1) and B (2), and two known sesquiterpenes 3 and 4 were isolated from Siegesbeckia glabrescens. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, and they were further evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against human cancer cells (MCF-7, AsPC-1, SW480, HCT 116, HepG2, HeLa). Compounds 1-4 showed differential cytotoxic effects on the target cancer cells with IC50 values in the range of 0.9-33.3 µM.
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Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/aislamiento & purificación , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Asteraceae/química , Sesquiterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Sesquiterpenos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células HCT116 , Células HeLa , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Células MCF-7 , Estructura Molecular , Sesquiterpenos/químicaRESUMEN
Abnormal activation of the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway frequently induces colon cancer progression. In the present study, we identified tussilagone (TSL), a compound isolated from the flower buds of Tussilago farfara, as an inhibitor on ß-catenin dependent Wnt pathway. TSL suppressed ß-catenin/T-cell factor transcriptional activity and down-regulated ß-catenin level both in cytoplasm and nuclei of HEK293 reporter cells when they were stimulated by Wnt3a or activated by an inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3ß. Since the mRNA level was not changed by TSL, proteasomal degradation might be responsible for the decreased level of ß-catenin. In SW480 and HCT116 colon cancer cell lines, TSL suppressed the ß-catenin activity and also decreased the expression of cyclin D1 and c-myc, representative target genes of the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway, and consequently inhibited the proliferation of colon cancer cells. Taken together, TSL might be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of human colon cancer.
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Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Sesquiterpenos/farmacología , beta Catenina/metabolismo , Neoplasias del Colon/metabolismo , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Redes y Vías Metabólicas/efectos de los fármacos , Proteolisis/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Wnt/antagonistas & inhibidoresRESUMEN
Teff (Eragrostis tef), a gluten-free cereal crop cultivated originally in Northeast Africa, is increasingly utilized due to its nutritional and health benefits. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of ethanol extract obtained from raw and thermally treated teff, referred to as RTE and TTE, respectively, on uncontrolled growth and activated metastasis using human cancer cell lines. Both RTE and TTE contained flavones, such as orientin (luteolin 8-C-glucoside) and vitexin (apigenin 8-C-glucoside), and phenolic acids, such as protocatechuic acid and p-coumaric acid. TTE showed higher total phenol, protocatechuic acid, and p-coumaric acid contents, but lower orientin content compared to RTE. RTE and TTE significantly suppressed cell growth of H1299 human lung cancer cells, with TTE exhibiting more pronounced effects than RTE, while both extracts had only minimal effects on the growth of non-malignant human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The growth-inhibitory activities of RTE and TTE in H1299 cells were associated with apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. TTE produced an additional effect on inducing cell cycle arrest at the S phase in H1299 cells, potentially contributing to its stronger growth-inhibitory effects. Moreover, both RTE and TTE effectively inhibited key events in metastasis, such as invasion, migration, and adhesion, in H1299 cells under non-cytotoxic conditions, with TTE showing stronger effects. In HCT116 human colon cancer cells, a similar pattern of inhibition was demonstrated against the metastatic events, accompanied by reduced levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9. Our results indicate that teff extracts exhibit in vitro anti-growth and anti-metastatic activities, which are enhanced by thermal treatment of teff.
Asunto(s)
Apoptosis , Movimiento Celular , Proliferación Celular , Extractos Vegetales , Humanos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/efectos de los fármacos , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Metástasis de la Neoplasia/prevención & control , Puntos de Control del Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Hidroxibenzoatos/farmacología , Adhesión Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Calor , Metaloproteinasa 2 de la Matriz/metabolismoRESUMEN
Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is a widely used method for accurate quantitative gene expression analysis. For accurate quantitative verification of RT-qPCR, it is essential to select a reference gene with high expression stability depending on the experimental environment or the different tissues. In this study, we evaluated the stability of nine candidate reference genes, labeled elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1A), ERBB receptor feedback inhibitor 1-like isoform x2 (ERRFI), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), integrin beta2 like (ITGB2), phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein-like isoform x3 (PICALM), 60 s ribosomal protein L5 (RPL5), 60 s ribosomal protein L7 (RPL7), tubulin beta chain (TUBB), and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2A (UBE2A), in the brain (including pituitary gland) gonads and caudal fins of silvertip tetra (Hasemania nana) males and females. The stability evaluation of the reference gene was analyzed using a program based on the geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RankAggreg algorithms. As a result, RPL5 (brain, caudal fin), EF1A (gonad), and PICALM (three tissue types) genes were evaluated as the most stable genes in silvertip tetra females. In males, TUBB (brain, caudal fin) and ITGB2 (gonads, three tissue types) genes were the most stable, and in both sexes, TUBB (brain), ITGB2 (caudal fin), RPL5 (gonads), and PICALM (three tissue types) genes are considered appropriate as reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis. However, the GAPDH gene was judged to be inappropriate for use as a reference gene because gene stability in the brain, caudal fin, and gonads was evaluated to be low in all males and females. As an introductory study on silvertip tetra, a new research model fish, the results of this study are expected to provide helpful information regarding sex differentiation and determination in fish.
RESUMEN
We demonstrated that ectopic expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1/Grm1) in mouse melanocytes was sufficient to induce melanoma development in vivo with 100% penetrance. We also showed that about 60% of human melanoma biopsies and cell lines, but not benign nevi or normal human melanocytes expressed mGluR1, suggesting that GRM1 may be involved in melanomagenesis. mGluR1 is expressed primarily in neurons. In various non-neuronal cells, mGluR1 expression is regulated via binding of Neuron-Restrictive-Silencer-Factor (NRSF) to a Neuron-Restrictive-Silencer-Element (NRSE). Here, we report on the possibility that aberrant mGluR1 expression in melanoma is due to alterations in NRSF and/or NRSE. We show that in human melanocytes, binding of NRSF to NRSE in the GRM1 promoter region is necessary for the suppression of mGluR1 expression. We also show that inhibiting the expression of the transcription factor Sp1 or interference with its ability to bind DNA can result in increased mGluR1 expression perhaps via its function as a negative regulator. In addition, we also provide evidence that demethylation within the promoter region of GRM1 may also be a mechanism for the derepression of mGluR1 expression in melanocytes that progress to cell transformation and tumor formation.
Asunto(s)
Transformación Celular Neoplásica/metabolismo , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Melanocitos/metabolismo , Melanoma/metabolismo , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Receptores de Glutamato Metabotrópico/biosíntesis , Línea Celular Tumoral , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/genética , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/patología , Metilación de ADN/genética , Humanos , Melanocitos/patología , Melanoma/genética , Melanoma/patología , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Proteínas Represoras/genética , Proteínas Represoras/metabolismo , Elementos de Respuesta , Elementos Silenciadores Transcripcionales , Factor de Transcripción Sp1/genética , Factor de Transcripción Sp1/metabolismoRESUMEN
A series of 2-aminodihydroquinoline analogs were synthesized and their in vitro cytotoxicities against metastatic breast adenocarcinoma cell line MDA-MB-231 were tested. Five out of 16 compounds exhibited promising activity and structure-activity relationship revealed major role of dialkylaminoethyl substituents on dihydroquinoline ring for the activity. Two compounds, 5f and 5h, presented cytotoxicity with IC50 values of about 2 µM when the compounds were treated to the cells without serum. The cell proliferation was inhibited mildly when the cells cultured with serum. Flow cytometry analyses showed that those compounds arrested the cells at G2/M checkpoint when the cell cycle is active while they induce apoptosis when the cell growth is restricted due to the absence of growth factors. These results suggest the two novel compounds may have anticancer activity through cell cycle arrest and pro apoptosis mechanism.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Quinolinas/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos/química , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Humanos , Modelos Moleculares , Estructura Molecular , Quinolinas/síntesis química , Quinolinas/química , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Microglial activation has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases by inducing the neuroinflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α and IL-1ß. (-)-Nyasol, a norlignan isolated from a medicinal plant Anemarrhena asphodeloides, showed anti-inflammatory potential in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BV-2 microglial cells. (-)-Nyasol inhibited the production of NO and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and also the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, which are responsible for the respective production of NO and PGE2. It also suppressed the mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-1ß in activated microglial cells. These effects of (-)-nyasol were correlated with the inactivation of p38 MAPK and the suppression of LPS-induced I-κBα degradation. Taken together, these results suggest that (-)-nyasol can be a modulator in neuroinflammatory conditions induced by microglial activation.
Asunto(s)
Anemarrhena/química , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacología , Proteínas I-kappa B/antagonistas & inhibidores , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Lignanos/farmacología , Lipopolisacáridos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Microglía/efectos de los fármacos , Fenoles/farmacología , Animales , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/química , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/aislamiento & purificación , Línea Celular , Proteínas I-kappa B/metabolismo , Inflamación/metabolismo , Lignanos/química , Lignanos/aislamiento & purificación , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Ratones , Microglía/citología , Microglía/metabolismo , Estructura Molecular , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , EstereoisomerismoRESUMEN
The study aimed to investigate antioxidant activities of two different thermally treated sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) leaf ethanol extract, steamed sesame leaf extract (SSLE) and roasted sesame leaf extract (RSLE), and their inhibitory effects on uncontrolled growth and increased metastatic properties in human colon cancer cell lines. Both SSLE and RSLE contained pedaliin as the major polyphenol and its aglycon, pedalitin, as a minor component and exhibited radical scavenging activities and ferric reducing antioxidant power. SSLE and RSLE decreased growth of HT29 and HCT116 colon cancer cells, which was attributed to the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at either G2/M (by SSLE in HCT116) or S phase (by RSLE in HCT116). Furthermore, SSLE and RSLE inhibited migration and adhesion in both cell lines. These results indicate that thermally treated sesame leaves retained pedaliin content and exhibited antioxidant activities and inhibitory activities against the growth and metastatic properties of colon cancer cells.
RESUMEN
Four sesquiterpenoids were isolated from an ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of A. princeps ethanolic extract: seco-tanapartholide B (5-epi-seco-tanapartholide A) (1), 4-epi-seco-tanapartholide A (2), 11,13-dehydrodesacetylmatricarin (3) and desacetylmatricarin (4). Compounds 1 - 3 dose-dependently inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages. These compounds also decreased mRNA and protein expression levels of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 as well as mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1ß and tumour necrosis factor-α) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Moreover, compound 3 effectively enhanced the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in macrophages in the presence or absence of LPS. Additionally, the exocyclic methylene of α-methylene-γ-lactone moiety of compound 3 was found to be essential for the activation of the NF erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/HO-1 pathway. Here, we firstly report the isolation of compounds 3 and 4 from A. princeps and the anti-inflammatory activity of compound 3 by up-regulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
Asunto(s)
Artemisia , Sesquiterpenos , Animales , Ratones , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , Artemisia/metabolismo , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/metabolismo , Sesquiterpenos/farmacología , Sesquiterpenos/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/genética , Células RAW 264.7 , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismoRESUMEN
Hovenia dulcis Thunb. fruit (HDF) is traditionally used for treating liver diseases and alcohol poisoning. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of HDF on hyperproliferation, levels of inflammatory cytokines, and signaling mechanisms in human psoriatic keratinocyte HaCaT cells. HDF showed a preventive effect on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced abnormal proliferation of psoriatic keratinocytes. Furthermore, real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis showed that HDF suppressed the expressions of inflammatory cytokines; interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-1ß and chemokines; CCL-20 and CXCL-8 in TNF-α-induced HaCaT cells. Western blotting revealed that HDF suppressed the levels of phosphorylated IκB and STAT3 together with a decline in the levels of phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). These outcomes indicate that HDF prevents the abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes and modulates inflammatory responses by suppressing nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and STAT3 activation through downregulation of the MAPK signaling pathway in TNF-α-induced psoriatic keratinocytes. Our study demonstrates that HDF is prospective and beneficial for psoriatic skin inflammation.
Asunto(s)
Células HaCaT , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa , Humanos , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Células HaCaT/metabolismo , Frutas/metabolismo , Estudios Prospectivos , Línea Celular , Queratinocitos , Citocinas/metabolismo , FN-kappa B/genética , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/metabolismoRESUMEN
The fundic gland type (GA-FG) of gastric adenocarcinoma is a rare variant of gastric cancer recently included in the 5th edition of the World Health Organization's classification of digestive system tumors. Five patients with GA-FG underwent an endoscopic resection at our institution. None of the patients had a Helicobacter pylori infection. Four lesions were located in the upper third of the stomach, and one was in the lower third. Three lesions had a IIa shape, while two resembled a subepithelial tumor. An endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed in four patients and endoscopic mucosal resection in one. Tumor cells were composed of well-differentiated columnar cells mimicking fundic gland cells, and the median tumor size was 10 mm. Three lesions exhibited submucosal invasion. No lymphatic or venous invasion was observed. Tumor cells were positive for MUC6 in all five cases; one case was focally positive for MUC5AC. No recurrence was observed during a median follow-up period of 13 months. An endoscopic resection can be a safe treatment modality for GA-FG, considering its small size and low risk of recurrence or metastasis.