Setting the clock of neural progenitor cells during mammalian corticogenesis.

Radial glial cells (RGCs) as primary neural stem cells in the developing mammalian cortex give rise to diverse types of neurons and glial cells according to sophisticated developmental programs with remarkable spatiotemporal precision. Recent studies suggest that regulation of the temporal competence of RGCs is a key mechanism for the highly conserved and predictable development of the cerebral cortex. Various types of epigenetic regulations, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and 3D chromatin architecture, play a key role in shaping the gene expression pattern of RGCs. In addition, epitranscriptomic modifications regulate temporal pre-patterning of RGCs by affecting the turnover rate and function of cell-type-specific transcripts. In this review, we summarize epigenetic and epitranscriptomic regulatory mechanisms that control the temporal competence of RGCs during mammalian corticogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss various developmental elements that also dynamically regulate the temporal competence of RGCs, including biochemical reaction speed, local environmental changes, and subcellular organelle remodeling. Finally, we discuss the underlying mechanisms that regulate the interspecies developmental tempo contributing to human-specific features of brain development.

Risk factors of persistent HPV infection after treatment for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the risk factors associated with persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV) infections in patients undergoing cervical excision for treatment of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). METHODS: A retrospective cohort study included 160 patients who underwent cervical excision for treatment of HSIL between January 2014 and December 2014. The clinical characteristics, cervical cytology, and HPV test results were reviewed. Persistent HR HPV infections were identified within 6 months after treatment. The effects of various factors such as patient age, menopausal status, parity, HPV type, and histopathological results on persistent HR HPV infections were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 38.1 ± 11.5 years (range 18‒86 years). Among them 148 (92.5%) had HR HPV infections, and persistent infections after surgical treatment were detected in 48 (32.4%) patients. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that older age (> 50 years), short follow-up duration (< 3 months), and menopause were associated with persistent HR HPV infections. Multivariate analysis showed that menopausal status was the only significant independent predictor for HR HPV persistence after treatment (odds ratio, 5.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.93-13.36; P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Persistent HR HPV infections were detected in approximately 30% of patients within 6 months after cervical excision for HSIL. Elderly patients with menopause are at increased risk of HR HPV persistence after treatment for HSIL.

Method to minimize ozone effect on Cy5 fluorescent intensity in DNA microarrays.

Cyanine 5 (Cy5) is an established fluorescent dye in microarray analysis. It is degraded rapidly when exposed to atmospheric ozone during post-hybridization washes, which leads to loss of fluorescent intensity. To minimize this undesirable effect, we coated microarray slides with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution at post-hybridization washes. The fluorescent intensities on coated slides were more stable than those on uncoated slide. We also performed the microarrays with SDS solution for a year to check the solution's effectiveness along with seasonal changes of atmospheric ozone level. Consistent results in microarray analysis were obtained using Cy5 dye under atmospheric ozone.

Dioscin suppresses TGF-ß1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and suppresses A549 lung cancer migration and invasion.

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), an important cellular process, occurs during cancer development and progression, has a crucial role in metastasis by enhancing the motility of tumor cells. Dioscin is a polyphenolic component isolated from Phyllanthus amarus, which exhibits a wide range of pharmacological and physiological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-fungal, and anti-viral activities. However, the possible role of dioscin in the EMT is unclear. We investigated the suppressive effect of dioscin on the EMT. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-ß1) is known to induce EMT in a number of cancer cell types and promote lung adenocarcinoma migration and invasion. To verify the inhibitory role of dioscin in lung cancer migration and invasion, we investigated the use of dioscin as inhibitors of TGF-ß1-induced EMT in A549 lung cancer cells in vitro. Here, we found that dioscin prominently increased expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin and expression of the mesenchymal marker N-cadherin and Snail during the TGF-ß1-induced EMT. In addition, dioscin inhibited the TGF-ß1-induced increase in cell migration and invasion of A549 lung cancer cells. Also, dioscin remarkably inhibited TGF-ß1-regulated activation of MMP-2/9, Smad2, and p38. Taken together, our findings provide new evidence that dioscin suppresses lung cancer migration, and invasion in vitro by inhibiting the TGF-ß1-induced EMT.

Delphinidin inhibits BDNF-induced migration and invasion in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), the TrkB ligand, is associated with aggressive malignant behavior, including migration and invasion, in tumor cells and a poor prognosis in patients with various types of cancer. Delphinidin is a diphenylpropane-based polyphenolic ring structure-harboring compound, which exhibits a wide range of pharmacological activities, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anti-mutagenic activity. However, the possible role of delphinidin in the cancer migration and invasion is unclear. We investigated the suppressive effect of delphinidin on the cancer migration and invasion. Thus, we found that BDNF enhanced cancer migration and invasion in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell. To exam the inhibitory role of delphinidin in SKOV3 ovarian cancer migration and invasion, we investigated the use of delphinidin as inhibitors of BDNF-induced motility and invasiveness in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Here, we found that delphinidin prominently inhibited the BDNF-induced increase in cell migration and invasion of SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, delphinidin remarkably inhibited BDNF-stimulated expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Also, delphinidin antagonized the phosphorylation of Akt and nuclear translocation of NF-κB permitted by the BDNF in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. Taken together, our findings provide new evidence that delphinidin suppressed the BDNF-induced ovarian cancer migration and invasion through decreasing of Akt activation.

High-efficiency red electroluminescent device based on multishelled InP quantum dots.

We report on the synthesis of highly fluorescent red-emitting InP quantum dots (QDs) and their application to the fabrication of a high-efficiency QD-light-emitting diode (QLED). The core/shell heterostructure of the QDs is elaborately tailored toward a multishelled structure with a composition-gradient ZnSeS intermediate shell and an outer ZnS shell. Using the resulting InP/ZnSeS/ZnS QDs as an emitting layer, all-solution-processible red InP QLEDs are fabricated with a hybrid multilayered device structure having an organic hole transport layer (HTL) and an inorganic ZnO nanoparticle electron transport layer. Two HTLs of poly(9-vinlycarbazole) or poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(4,4'-(N-(4-sec-butylphenyl))diphenyl-amine), whose hole mobilities are different by at least three orders of magnitude, are individually applied for QLED fabrication and such HTL-dependent device performances are compared. Our best red device displays exceptional figures of merit such as a maximum luminance of 2849 cd/m2, a current efficiency of 4.2 cd/A, and an external quantum efficiency of 2.5%.

Improved electroluminescence of quantum dot light-emitting diodes enabled by a partial ligand exchange with benzenethiol.

In this study, benzenethiol ligands were applied to the surface of CdSe@ZnS core@shell quantum dots (QDs) and their effect on the performance of quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs) was investigated. Conventional long-chained oleic acid (OA) and trioctylphosphine (TOP) capping ligands were partially replaced by short-chained benzenethiol ligands in order to increase the stability of QDs during purification and also improve the electroluminescence performance of QD-LEDs. The quantum yield of the QD solution was increased from 41% to 84% by the benzenethiol ligand exchange. The mobility of the QD films with benzenethiol ligands approximately doubled to 2.42 × 10(-5) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) from 1.19 × 10(-5) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) compared to the device consisting of OA/TOP-capped QDs, and an approximately 1.8-fold improvement was achieved over QD-LEDs fabricated with bezenethiol ligand-exchanged QDs with respect to the maximum luminance and current efficiency. The turn-on voltage decreased by about -0.6 V through shifting the energy level of the QDs with benzenethiol ligands compared to conventional OA and TOP ligands.

Pregnancy Outcomes and Risk Factors for Uterine Rupture After Laparoscopic Myomectomy: A Single-Center Experience and Literature Review.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate pregnancy outcomes after laparoscopic myomectomy (LSM), focusing on the risk of uterine rupture. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification III). SETTING: University hospital. PATIENTS: Of 676 women who visited the obstetrics department for a pregnancy after undergoing LSM performed at the same center between 1994 and 2012, we included the 523 women who had follow-up through the end of pregnancy. INTERVENTIONS: All patients underwent LSM, and their medical charts were retrospectively reviewed. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Multiple myomas were removed in 35.2% of cases, intramural-type lesions occurred in 46.5% of cases, and the mean myoma diameter was 4.9 cm. Pregnancy outcomes after LSM included 400 (76.5%) full-term deliveries and 100 (19.1%) vaginal deliveries, with other adverse outcomes being no different than the general population. The mean interval between LSM and pregnancy was 14 months, and only 3 (0.6%) cases of uterine rupture occurred during pregnancy. In analysis, by reviewing the published cases of uterine rupture, we found that the mean diameter, myoma number and type, and the rate of uterine suture were similar between the ruptured cases and all of our cases of LSM. CONCLUSION: LSM can be safely used in women of reproductive age who want to become pregnant. Uterine rupture occurs in rare cases, regardless of myoma features, but further large-scale studies are required to ascertain the detailed effects of various surgical techniques.

Color-by-blue display using blue quantum dot light-emitting diodes and green/red color converting phosphors.

We report a novel full-color display based on the generation of full-color by a highly efficient blue QD-LED light approach, or so called color-by-blue QD-LED display. This newly proposed color-by-blue QD-LED display combines a blue CdZnS/ZnS QD-LED blue subpixel and excitation source with front-emitting green/red phosphor subpixels. It is carefully estimated that the detailed display characteristics as well as full color-conversion and reasonable device efficiency of blue, green, and red satisfy the minimum requirements for display application. Also, we would like to emphasize that the proposed blue, green, and red device shows maximum luminance of 1570, 12920, and 3120 cd/m², respectively, luminous efficiency of 1.5, 12.1, and 2.5 cd/A, respectively, and external quantum efficiency of 6.8, 2.8, and 2.0%, respectively. It is expected that full color generation by color-by-blue QD-LED will lead to further technological advancements in the area of efficient and facile display applications.

Quantum-dot-based white lighting planar source through downconversion by blue electroluminescence.

We report the unprecedented fabrication of a planar white lighting quantum dot light-emitting diode (QD-LED) through integrating a CdZnS QD-based blue electroluminescence (EL) device with a free-standing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) composite film embedded with orange-emitting Cu-In-S (CIS) green-greenish yellow-emitting Cu-In-Ga-S (CIGS) QDs. The hybrid device successfully generates bicolored white emission that comprises blue EL and downconverted QD photoluminescence. The hybrid QD-LEDs loaded with the composite film embedded with one type of QDs exhibit a limited white spectral coverage, consequently producing low values (<65) in color rendering index (CRI). Thus, the QD-PMMA film consisting of a blend of green CIGS and orange CIS QD downconverters is applied for obtaining a higher-CRI white light through the spectral extension, resulting in a much improved CRI of 75-77. Various EL performances of the hybrid planar white device versus the reference blue QD-LED are also characterized in details.

Distribution and perinatal transmission of bacterial vaginal infections in pregnant women without vaginal symptoms.

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the distribution and vertical transmission of bacterial vaginal infections in asymptomatic pregnant women. METHODS: We performed multiplex PCR on secretions collected on cervical swabs from pregnant women at over 36 weeks of gestation and on oral secretions collected from their neonates immediately after delivery. We detected sexually transmitted infections (STIs) with the following 6 species: Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Ureaplasma urealyticum. RESULTS: Infectious agents were detected in 64 of 455 pregnant women (14.1%) and in 11 neonates (2.4%). The rate of vertical transmission was 17.2% and all the infectious agents detected in neonates were concordant with those found in their mothers. U. urealyticum was the most frequently detected in the maternal genitalia, followed by M. hominis. Women who were in labor for a longer period of time had a higher risk of vertically transmitting STI agents to their neonates. CONCLUSIONS: Vertical transmission of bacterial STIs from mothers to their infants is possible at delivery and influenced by the duration of labor. STIs should be diagnosed in pregnant women to prevent vertical transmission from the mother to the infant at the time of delivery.

Preparation of a photo-degradation- resistant quantum dot-polymer composite plate for use in the fabrication of a high-stability white-light-emitting diode.

We report on the synthesis of highly fluorescent double-ZnS-shell-capped, yellow-emitting Cu-In-S quantum dots (QDs) with a surprisingly high quantum yield of 92%, the preparation of a free-standing QD-polymethylmethacrylate composite plate, and the application of the QD plate in the fabrication of QD-based white-light-emitting diodes (WLEDs). A free-standing QD plate with QDs embedded uniformly inside a polymeric matrix is used to fabricate a remote-type, resin-free WLED. The QD plate-based WLED displays a high luminous efficiency; however, it suffers from a significantly unstable device performance due to QD degradation upon prolonged photo-excitation. An exceptional operational stability of the QD plate-based WLED is realized by generating hybrid double layers of an organic adhesion layer and a gas barrier layer of sol-gel-derived silica, rendering the QD plate impermeable to oxygen. Our success in achieving a color converter robust against photo-degradation and applying it in the fabrication of a reliable QD-based LED is greatly encouraging as regards the development of next-generation QD-based LED lighting sources.

Magnetic resonance imaging and intraoperative frozen sectioning for the evaluation of risk factors associated with lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer.

INTRODUCTION: To analyze the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and intraoperative frozen sectioning (IFS) for predicting the low- and high-risk patients and risk factors associated with lymph node (LN) metastasis in patients with surgically staged endometrial cancer. METHODS: The medical records of 175 patients with endometrial cancer who underwent comprehensive surgical staging including pelvic and para-aortic LN dissection between January 2008 and July 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Results of MRI and IFS of the uterus for the evaluation of risk factors were correlated with final pathology. RESULTS: Our results showed a high specificity and negative predictive value of MRI and IFS for the evaluation of myometrial invasion and cervical stromal invasion. Of the 41 patients identified as low risk by both MRI and IFS, none had pelvic or para-aortic LN metastases in the final pathology. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that MRI and IFS may be useful for the evaluation of risk factors associated with LN metastasis in patients with endometrial cancer. Magnetic resonance imaging and IFS can be used to accurately identify low-risk patients who do not need comprehensive surgical staging and may prevent unnecessary lymphadenectomy.

Lymphovascular space invasion is highly associated with lymph node metastasis and recurrence in endometrial cancer.

BACKGROUND: Lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) has been evaluated as a predictor for nodal metastasis or poor survival in endometrial adenocarcinoma. AIMS: To evaluate whether LVSI is a prognostic factor for lymph node metastasis and relapse of disease in endometrial adenocarcinoma. MATERIALS & METHODS: We retrospectively analysed the medical records of 438 women with endometrial adenocarcinoma treated by surgical staging, including pelvic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, between January 1996 and July 2011. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-three women (37.2%) were LVSI-positive and 275 (62.8%) were negative. LVSI-positive women were significantly older and showed more advanced stage, poorer differentiation, and a higher frequency of non-endometrioid histology type, myometrial invasion, and positive peritoneal cytology than LVSI-negative women. Surgeries by laparotomy rather than laparoscopy and more adjuvant therapies were conducted in LVSI-positive women. The median number of pelvic and paraaortic lymph nodes removed were not different, but LVSI-positive patients showed more lymph node metastases. The LVSI-positive group also showed a higher recurrence of disease and lower survival rates than the LVSI-negative group. Negative predictive values of LVSI for lymph node metastasis and recurrence of disease were 96.4 and 97.1%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, LVSI did not influence overall or disease-free survival after adjusting for several confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS: In the cases that the nodal status has not been assessed in endometrial adenocarcinoma, the presence of LVSI may be a reasonable surrogate in addition to other risk factors, in determining the need for adjuvant therapy.

Role of systematic lymphadenectomy in patients with intermediate to high-risk early stage endometrial cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical significance of systematic lymph node dissection (LND) and to better define the relevant extent of LND in intermediate- to high-risk early stage endometrial cancer (EC). METHODS: Patients who received surgery as a primary treatment of histologically confirmed EC and preoperatively considered as uterus-confined early stage disease were included in the study population. The rates of lymph node metastasis (LNM) according to the risk groups and anatomic sites were assessed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate risk factors for recurrence. RESULTS: A total of 804 patients were included in the study analysis. The rates of LNM were significantly different according to the risk group; 1.2% in low-risk, 20.1% in intermediate-risk, and 30.0% in high-risk group. When assessing the rates of LNM in individual anatomic sites, positive LNs were evenly distributed throughout the pelvic and para-aortic regions. In the intermediate to high-risk EC cases, the rates of para-aortic LNM below and above inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) were 11.1% and 12.5%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, LNM was the only independent risk factor for recurrence in the intermediate to high-risk EC (hazard ratio=2.63, 95% confidence interval=1.01-6.82, p=0.047). CONCLUSION: LNM was frequently observed in intermediate- and high-risk early stage EC and it served as an independent risk factor for recurrence. When considering the similar rates of LNM between below and above IMA, nodal assessment needs to be performed up to the infra-renal level, especially for the staging purpose in high-risk EC.

Clinicopathologic significance of mismatch repair protein expression in endometrioid endometrial cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression and clinico-pathologic outcomes in patients with endometrioid endometrial cancer (EC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of the clinico-pathologic outcomes was performed on patients who were diagnosed with EC and had results of MMR protein immunohistochemistry. MMR-deficient (MMR-d) was defined as absence of expression in any of the 4 MMR proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2). Demographics, pathologic variables, and survival outcomes were compared according to the MMR status. RESULTS: A total of 193 EC patients with available MMR expression data were included, of whom 163 patients had endometrioid type EC. Overall, 44 patients (27.0%) were classified as MMR-d. Compared with MMR-proficient (MMR-p) group, MMR-d group was associated with more frequent lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI, p = 0.001). MMR-d was also related with higher risk of lymph node (LN) metastasis in endometrioid type EC (p = 0.008), especially para-aortic LN metastasis. During the median follow-up period of 19.1 months (1-44.5), MMR-d group, especially MLH1/PMS2 subgroup, showed a tendency of reduced PFS (p = 0.036 and p = 0.008, respectively). On Cox regression analysis, however, LN metastasis remained as the only independent risk factor for PFS (p = 0.004) in endometrioid EC, and MLH1/PMS2 loss showed a marginally significant association (p = 0.054). CONCLUSION: Our findings of the associations between MMR deficiency and poor prognostic factors, such as LVSI and LN metastasis, may suggest the prognostic value of MMR status in EC and need further prospective validation studies.

Laparotomy versus laparoscopy for the treatment of adnexal masses during pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopy has been highlighted as an effective surgical modality for diverse pelvic organ diseases. However, its surgical and obstetric efficacy has not been fully confirmed in pregnant women because of the absence of a large comparative study. The objective of this study was to compare outcomes between laparotomy and laparoscopic surgery for adnexal masses during pregnancy. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 262 pregnant women who underwent laparotomy or laparoscopic surgery for adnexal masses between 2000 and 2009 was performed. RESULTS: Of the 262 women, 174 (66.4%) underwent laparotomy and 88 (33.6%) underwent laparoscopic surgery for adnexal masses. The laparoscopy group had a significantly shorter mean operative time (60.7 ± 27.1 vs 69.7 ± 24.4 min, P = 0.002) and mean hospital stay (4.7 ± 1.7 vs 6.6 ± 1.3 days, P < 0.001) than the laparotomy group. In multivariate analysis, there was no significant difference between laparoscopy and laparotomy group in obstetric outcomes, including preterm delivery and miscarriage rate, after adjusting for confounding factors, such as gestational age at surgery, emergency surgery and mass size. CONCLUSIONS: The laparoscopic approach appears to offer a suitable alternative to laparotomy, which, in our setting, was associated with shorter operative times and hospital stays than laparotomy.

Partitioning RNAs by length improves transcriptome reconstruction from short-read RNA-seq data.

The accuracy of methods for assembling transcripts from short-read RNA sequencing data is limited by the lack of long-range information. Here we introduce Ladder-seq, an approach that separates transcripts according to their lengths before sequencing and uses the additional information to improve the quantification and assembly of transcripts. Using simulated data, we show that a kallisto algorithm extended to process Ladder-seq data quantifies transcripts of complex genes with substantially higher accuracy than conventional kallisto. For reference-based assembly, a tailored scheme based on the StringTie2 algorithm reconstructs a single transcript with 30.8% higher precision than its conventional counterpart and is more than 30% more sensitive for complex genes. For de novo assembly, a similar scheme based on the Trinity algorithm correctly assembles 78% more transcripts than conventional Trinity while improving precision by 78%. In experimental data, Ladder-seq reveals 40% more genes harboring isoform switches compared to conventional RNA sequencing and unveils widespread changes in isoform usage upon m6A depletion by Mettl14 knockout.

Risk of torsion and malignancy by adnexal mass size in pregnant women.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate risks of torsion and malignancy by adnexal mass size during pregnancy. DESIGN: Retrospective review of medical records. SETTING: General university hospital and healthcare center. POPULATION: Four hundred and seventy women who underwent surgery for adnexal masses during pregnancy between 2002 and 2009. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rate of torsion and malignancy according to mass size classified into four groups: <6, 6-10, 10-15 and ≥15 cm. RESULTS: Torsion was encountered in 55 patients (11.7%) and malignancy was confirmed in 20 (4.3%). A mass size of 6-10 cm had a significantly higher risk of torsion than a mass <6 cm (odds ratio 2.68, 95% confidence interval 1.33-5.40, p=0.006). Masses ≥15 cm had an approximately 12-fold higher risk of malignancy compared with masses <6 cm (odds ratio 12.36, 95% confidence interval 2.90-52.67, p=0.001). However, for masses of 10-15 cm, the risks of both torsion and malignancy were not higher than those of masses <6 cm. CONCLUSIONS: Risks of torsion and malignancy are not directly proportional to increasing mass size in pregnant women. Physicians should be aware of a high risk of malignancy in women with an adnexal mass of over 15 cm. However, if a mass is smaller, the size should not be considered as a single independent factor in a decision for surgery.

Primary fallopian tube carcinoma: a clinicopathological analysis of a rare entity.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and pathological features of a rare tumor, primary fallopian tube carcinoma (PFTC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 26 patients who were diagnosed with PFTC at Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center between March 1992 and November 2009. RESULTS: Median patient age was 54.6 (range 41-69) years, and the mean follow-up period was 59.8 (range 3-200) months. Twenty-one (80.8%) patients had one or more of the following preoperative symptoms: vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, or a palpable mass. No patient was diagnosed with PFTC preoperatively; 17 (65.4%) patients were diagnosed as having an adnexal mass, six (23.1%) had hydrosalpinx, and three (11.5%) had coexisting endometrial pathology. In seven (26.9%) cases, PFTC was missed during the operation, so an additional surgery was later performed. Ten (38.5%) patients were in stage I, two (7.7%) in stage II, 13 (50%) in stage III, and one (3.8%) in stage IV. The serous type was histologically predominant (76.9%), and most were high grade (76.9%). The 5-year survival rate was 81.7%. CONCLUSION: Primary fallopian tube carcinoma is hardly ever diagnosed preoperatively or intraoperatively due to its rarity. Our report may help surgeons by providing more information about the clinicopathological behavior of PTFC so that patients can be appropriately counseled. Further clinical studies should be performed to collect more information about this rare tumor.