RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: There is no recent information on the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Chile. AIM: To describe and evaluate the temporal incidence trend of AMI in Chile between 2008 and 2016. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A time series study. We included all AMI cases (ICD10 = I21) that were registered in Chile between 2008 and 2016 in the national hospital discharge and death databases. Rates were stratified according to sex and age group. We calculated crude and standardized rates (direct method). Time trends were evaluated using Prais-Winsten (PW) regression models. RESULTS: There were 132,784 cases of AMI. The mean age of cases was 67 ± 14 years, 67% were men. Crude and standardized rates were 84.4 and 73.1 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. Standardized incidence increased in total population and women, whose PW coefficients were 0.43 (0.01-0.82; p = 0.045) and 0.26 (0.005-0.47; p = 0.02), respectively. Regarding age, an upward trend was observed in the younger age groups, whose coefficients were 0.20 (0.08 - 0.31; p = 0.004) for cases < 45 years, 1.31 (0.81-1.81; p < 0.01) for cases between 45 and 54 years, and 2.68 (1.31 - 4.04; p = 0.002) for cases between 55 and 64 years. CONCLUSIONS: An increase in the number of cases with AMI was observed, especially in younger age groups. This estimation could be useful for planning and evaluating public policies.
Asunto(s)
Infarto del Miocardio , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Chile/epidemiología , Bases de Datos Factuales , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Lactante , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infarto del Miocardio/epidemiología , Alta del PacienteRESUMEN
Endothelin1 (ET1) is involved in the regulation of steroidogenesis. Additionally, patients with castrationresistant prostate cancer (PCa) have a higher ET1 plasma concentration than those with localized PCa and healthy individuals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of ET1 on steroidogenesis enzymes, androgen receptor (AR) and testosterone (T) production in PCa cells. The expression levels of endothelin receptors in prostate tissue from patients with localized PCa by immunohistochemistry, and those in LNCaP and PC3 cells were determined reverse transcriptionquantitative PCR (RTqPCR) and western blotting. Furthermore, the expression levels of ET1 were determined in LNCaP and PC3 cells by RTqPCR and western blotting. The ET1 receptor activation was evaluated by intracellular calcium measurement, the expression levels of AR and enzymes participating in steroidogenesis [cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1 (CyP11A1), cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1, aldoketo reductase family member C2 and 3ßhydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase 2 (3ß HSD2)] were determined by western blotting and T concentration was determined by ELISA using PC3 cells. The present results revealed higher expression levels of endothelin A receptor (ETAR) in tissues obtained from samples of patients with PCa with a low Gleason Score. No changes were identified for endothelin B receptor (ETBR). PC3 cells expressed higher levels of ET1 and ETAR, while LNCaP cells exhibited higher expression levels of ETBR. Blocking of ETAR and endothelin B receptor decreased the expression levels of CyP11A1 and 3ß HSD2 enzymes and AR in PC3 cells, as well as T secretion. These findings suggested that ET1 has a potential role in modulating the intratumoral steroidogenesis pathway and might have relevance as a possible therapeutic target.
Asunto(s)
Endotelina-1/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata/metabolismo , Receptor de Endotelina A/metabolismo , Receptores Androgénicos/genética , Testosterona/metabolismo , 3-Hidroxiesteroide Deshidrogenasas/metabolismo , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Línea Celular Tumoral , Enzima de Desdoblamiento de la Cadena Lateral del Colesterol/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Clasificación del Tumor , Células PC-3 , Neoplasias de la Próstata/genética , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Receptor de Endotelina B/metabolismo , Análisis de Matrices Tisulares , Regulación hacia ArribaRESUMEN
Background: There is no recent information on the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Chile. Aim: To describe and evaluate the temporal incidence trend of AMI in Chile between 2008 and 2016. Material and Methods: A time series study. We included all AMI cases (ICD10 = I21) that were registered in Chile between 2008 and 2016 in the national hospital discharge and death databases. Rates were stratified according to sex and age group. We calculated crude and standardized rates (direct method). Time trends were evaluated using Prais-Winsten (PW) regression models. Results: There were 132,784 cases of AMI. The mean age of cases was 67 ± 14 years, 67% were men. Crude and standardized rates were 84.4 and 73.1 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. Standardized incidence increased in total population and women, whose PW coefficients were 0.43 (0.01-0.82; p = 0.045) and 0.26 (0.005-0.47; p = 0.02), respectively. Regarding age, an upward trend was observed in the younger age groups, whose coefficients were 0.20 (0.08 − 0.31; p = 0.004) for cases < 45 years, 1.31 (0.81-1.81; p < 0.01) for cases between 45 and 54 years, and 2.68 (1.31 − 4.04; p = 0.002) for cases between 55 and 64 years. Conclusions: An increase in the number of cases with AMI was observed, especially in younger age groups. This estimation could be useful for planning and evaluating public policies.