Antecedents and consequences of fear of childbirth in nulliparous and parous women.

The study aimed to explore the differences in the role of specific personal and interpersonal risk factors in predicting fear of childbirth (FOC) and to examine whether FOC predicts postnatal maternal adaptation in nulliparous and parous women. A prospective correlational design with two time periods (pre- and postnatal) was carried out with 158 women, 85 nulliparous and 73 parous. Women at Week 32 of gestation completed a demographic questionnaire, the Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire (K.Wijma, B. Wijma, & M. Zar, 1998), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (C.D. Spielberger, R.L. Gorsuch, & R.E. Lushene, 1970), the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (L.R. Derogatis, 1983), the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (G.B. Spanier, 1976), and the Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire (M. West, A. Sheldon, & L. Reiffer, 1987). Three months after delivery, the women completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (J.L. Cox, J.M. Holden, & R. Sagovsky, 1987) and the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (R. Abidin, 1986). Pearson's correlations and a series of multiple regressions were conducted. The results indicated that in the prenatal period, higher state anxiety, ß = .35, p < .001, lower dyadic adjustment, ß = -.26, p = .03, and higher insecurity in attachment relationships, ß = .39, p < .001, predicted FOC in first-time mothers only. In the postnatal period, FOC predicted postnatal maternal risk for depression, ß = .39, p = .02, and parenting stress, ß = .42, p = .02, for nulliparous women only. The specific antecedents and consequences of FOC in nulliparous and parous women should be taken into consideration when developing specific interventions.

An approach to establish reference intervals for thyrotropin in pregnancy using the ADVIA Centaur analyzer.

BACKGROUND: Reference values for thyrotropin (TSH) from weeks 5 to 17 of pregnancy in women living in a moderately iodine-deficient area in Italy have never been calculated using the Advia Centaur analyzer. METHODS: TSH was measured in surplus blood samples drawn from 657 pregnant women: 101 in weeks 5-6 (group I), 333 in weeks 7-8 (group II), 139 in weeks 9-10 (group III), 44 in weeks 11-12 (group IV), and 40 in weeks 13-17 (group V) of pregnancy. Health-Related Limits (HRLs) were calculated with GraphROC software using the indirect Kairisto's procedure and the "robust method" advocated by the CLSI C28-A3 Guideline. RESULTS: The HRLs of TSH concentration (indirect method) were 0.36 - 3.78 mU/L in group I, 0.19 - 3.07 mU/L in group II, 0.23 - 2.90 mU/L in group III, 0.13 - 3.28 mU/L in group IV, and 0.45 - 3.90 mU/L in group V. The Upper Reference Limit calculated using the robust method decreased in group II-IV and increased in group V. CONCLUSIONS: TSH concentration decreases in the second half of the first trimester of pregnancy and increases in the second trimester. The indirect method is reliable for calculating HRLs for TSH in pregnancy, as confirmed by the robust method. The TSH concentrations in group I were statistically different from those of groups II, III, and IV, but not of those of group V.

Incidencia, tratamientos y resolución quirúrgica en fístulas por implantes mamarios / Incidence, treatments and surgical resolve for fistula in breast implants

Las fístulas o dehiscencia de heridas asociadas a implantes mamarios representan una complicación relativamente poco frecuente en la práctica diaria. Se asocia a factores locales y representa un riesgo en cuanto a la posibilidad de extrusión y remoción del implante. El tratamiento de esta complicación se realiza esterilizando y provocando una capsulitis química con TCA 90% en la zona del lecho del implante y la confección del Colgajo en Doble Banderín para el cierre cutáneo. De esta forma, ha permitido resolver dicha complicación, al mismo tiempo que refuerza la herida ofreciendo sostén al área de decúbito generada. Desde el punto de vista anatómico se muestran disecciones cadavéricas para evidenciar detalles de la técnica de cierre.

Fistula or dehiscence of wounds associated with breast implants represent a relatively rare complication in daily practice. It is associated with local factors and represents a risk in terms of the possibility of extrusion and removal of the implant. The treatment of this complication is carried out by sterilizing and causing a chemical capsulitis with TCA 90% in the area of the implant and making a Double Flag Flap for cutaneous closure. In this way, it has made to resolve this complication, at the same time that it reinforces the wound by offering support to the decubitus area generated. From the anatomical point of view, cadaveric dissections show details of the closure technique.

Técnica de ocultamiento de marcapasos. Disecciones anatómicas y claves para ubicarlo de forma segura en el plano subpectoral / Pacemaker concealment technique. Anatomical dissections and keys to locate it securely in the subpectoral plane

La ubicación habitual de los marcapasos y cardiodesfibriladores implantables (CDI) es en el plano subcutáneo subclavicular. Este bolsillo, de fácil realización, no está exento de complicaciones propias (necrosis de piel, seromas, síndrome de Twiddler) así como también provocar un defecto estético al visualizarse el aparato bajo la piel. Estas complicaciones son mayores en pacientes delgadas y con actividad deportiva debido a la exposición traumática. Con el objeto de evitar los factores mencionados anteriormente, así como para mejorar el aspecto cosmético, mostramos nuestra experiencia en la ubicación en un plano más profundo, submuscular (entre m. pectoralis major y m. pectoralis minor, T.A.). Creemos que esta ubicación es de elección en pacientes muy delgadas, deportistas, con riesgo de traumatismo en la zona y en todos aquellos donde ha fallado la ubicación subcutánea.

The pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) location is in the subcutaneous plane, subclavicular zone. This pocket, easy to perform, is not free of complications (skin necrosis, seroma, Twiddler syndrome) as well as an aesthetic defect due to the device being observed under the skin. These complications are higher in thin and sportive patients. In order to avoid the above factors as well as to improve the cosmetic appearance, our experience shows better results on a deeper level, submuscular (between m. pectoralis major and m. pectoralis minor, T.A.). We believe that this location is preferable in very thin patients and athletes because it avoids the risk of trauma to the area. Also,we advise this plane in particular cases which failed subcutaneous locations

Colgajo doble banderín de región retroauricular para reconstrucción del hélix / Double flag flap in the retroauricular region for helix reconstruction

El objetivo del presente artículo es mostrar los resultados de la reconstrucción de los defectos de la superficie del borde del hélix utilizando el colgajo doble banderín de región retroauricular. Se describen los pedículos vasculares del colgajo en disecciones anatómicas. Se presentan detalles técnicos del procedimiento, así como se muestran casos clínicos, analizando resultados y evaluando los mismos en 30 casos

The objective of this article is to show the results of the reconstruction of the defects of the surface of the helix edge using the double flag flap of the retroauricular region. The vascular pedicles of the flap are described in anatomical dissections. Technical details of the procedure are presented, as well as clinical cases are shown, analyzing results and evaluating them in 30 cases.