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Manganese oxide (MnO2) based aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are considered to be a promising battery for grid-scale energy storage. However, they usually suffer from the great challenge of capacity attenuation due to Mn dissolution and irreversible structural transformation. Herein, full use of the shortcomings is made to design high-performance cathode-free AZIBs. Manganese-based Prussian blue analog (Mn-PBA) is selected as a seed layer to provide a stable MnO2 electrodeposition surface. Thanks to the large specific surface area and manganophilic nature of Mn-PBA, the deposition/dissolution kinetics between Mn2+ and MnO2 are significantly enhanced. Systematic studies revealed the mechanism of MnO2 deposition-dissolution related to the reversible transformation of manganese oxide hydroxide and zinc hydroxide sulfate hydrate. Based on this, the developed cathode-free AZIBs exhibit outstanding rate performance (with a specific capacity of 273.7 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1) and extraordinary cycle stability (maintaining a specific capacity of 52.3 mAh g-1 after 50 000 cycles at 20 A g-1). Furthermore, the AZIBs with non-toxic, biocompatible materials can be directly discarded after use, without causing pollution to the environment, which is expected to help achieve the sustainable development goals.
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2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have garnered significant interest as cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) due to their open transport channels and abundant Zn2+ intercalation sites. However, unmodified TMDs exhibit low electrochemical activity and poor kinetics owing to the high binding energy and large hydration radius of divalent Zn2+. To overcome these limitations, an interlayer engineering strategy is proposed where K+ is preintercalated into K-MoS2 nanosheets, which then undergo in situ growth on carbon nanospheres (denoted as K-MoS2@C nanoflowers). This strategy stimulates in-plane redox-active sites, expands the interlayer spacing (from 6.16 to 9.42 Å), and induces the formation of abundant MoS2 1T-phase. The K-MoS2@C cathode demonstrates excellent redox activity and fast kinetics, attributed to the potassium ions acting as a structural "stabilizer" and an electrostatic interaction "shield," accelerating charge transfer, promoting Zn2+ diffusion, and ensuring structural stability. Meanwhile, the carbon nanospheres serve as a 3D conductive network for Zn2+ and enhance the cathode's hydrophilicity. More significantly, the outstanding electrochemical performance of K-MoS2@C, along with its superior biocompatibility and degradability of its related components, can enable an implantable energy supply, providing novel opportunities for the application of transient electronics.
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BACKGROUND: Post-traumatic capsular contracture is a common complication of joint injury and surgery. Post-traumatic capsular contracture is associated with fibrosis characterized by excessive differentiation and proliferation of myofibroblasts and abnormal secretion and accumulation of extracellular matrix. Previous studies have suggested that IL11 plays a role in myocardial fibrosis. We thus hypothesized that IL11 may play a fibrotic role during capsular contracture, in order to discover new targets for preventing joint capsule contracture METHODS: We constructed a post-traumatic contracture model by excessively extending the knee joint and fixing the joint in the flexion position, and a post-traumatic joint capsule contracture model was constructed in the wild-type, IL11-/-, IL11R -/-, α-SMA-cre-IL11fl/fl, α-SMA-cre-IL11Rfl/fl mouse strain, with wild-type mice without any treatment of the knee joint as the control group. Fibrotic markers and the expression of IL11 and IL11R in knee joint tissue were detected in each group of mice. The NIH3T3 cell line was used for in vitro analyses. The expression of fibrosis markers, IL11, TGFß and ERK1/2 were detected by western blot, ELISA and RT-qPCR. RESULTS: Inhibition of IL11 inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation, reduced the secretion of collagen in the joint capsule, and inhibited the excessive differentiation and proliferation of myofibroblasts in the post-traumatic joint capsule contracture, thus alleviating the joint capsule contracture and obtaining better joint mobility. CONCLUSION: Downregulation of IL11 in traumatic joint capsule contracture inhibits ERK1/2 phosphorylation, thus significantly relieving joint capsule contracture. Our findings indicate the TGFß/IL11/ERK1/2 axis is an important pathway for the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Anti-IL11 treatment is an effective means to prevent traumatic joint capsule contracture.
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Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare disorder of the cerebrovascular system. It is a steno-occlusive disease that involves angiogenesis and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Bradykinin (BK), its metabolite des-Arg9-BK, and receptor (B1R) affect angiogenesis and BBB integrity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the changes in BK, B1R and des-Arg9-BK levels in the serum and brain tissues of patients with MMD and explore the underlying mechanism of these markers in MMD. We obtained the serum samples and superficial temporal artery (STA) tissue of patients with MMD from the Department of Neurosurgery of the Jining First People's Hospital. First, we measured BK, des-Arg9-BK and B1R levels in the serum of patients by means of ELISA. Next, we performed immunofluorescence to determine B1R expression in STA tissues. Finally, we determined the underlying mechanism through Western blot, angiogenesis assay, immunofluorescence, transendothelial electrical resistance and transcytosis assays. Our results demonstrated a significant increase in the BK, des-Arg9-BK and B1R levels in the serum of patients with MMD compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, an increase in the B1R expression level was observed in the STA tissues of patients with MMD. BK and des-Arg9-BK could promote the migratory and proliferative abilities of bEnd.3 cells and inhibited the formation of bEnd.3 cell tubes. In vitro BBB model showed that BK and des-Arg9-BK could reduce claudin-5, ZO-1 and occluding expression and BBB disruption. To the best of our knowledge, our results show an increase in BK and B1R levels in the serum and STA tissues of patients with MMD. BK and Des-Arg9-BK could inhibit angiogenesis, promote migratory and proliferative capacities of cells, and disrupt BBB integrity. Therefore, regulating BK, des-Arg9-BK and B1R levels in the serum and the brain could be potential strategies for treating patients with MMD.
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Enfermedad de Moyamoya , Receptores de Bradiquinina , Animales , Humanos , Ratones , Receptores de Bradiquinina/metabolismo , Bradiquinina/farmacología , Enfermedad de Moyamoya/genética , Barrera Hematoencefálica/metabolismo , Células Endoteliales/metabolismoRESUMEN
The preparation of adsorbents with eco-friendly and high-efficiency characteristics is an important approach for pollutant removal, and can relieve the pressure of water shortage and environmental pollution. In recent studies, much attention has been paid to the potential of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) from biomass, such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and agricultural waste for the preparation of adsorbents. Hereby, this paper summarizes the state of research on carbon adsorbents developed from various sources with HTC. The reaction mechanism of HTC, the different products, the modification of hydrochar to obtain activated carbon, and the treatment of heavy metal pollution and organic dyes from wastewater are reviewed. The maximum adsorption capacity of carbon from different biomass sources was also evaluated.
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Aguas Residuales , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Biomasa , Colorantes , Celulosa , Adsorción , TemperaturaRESUMEN
Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is implicated in varieties of pathologies, the aim of the present study is to characterize the effect and mechanism of mitochondrial uncouplers on NLRP3 inflammasome activation by using three types of uncouplers, niclosamide, CCCP and BAM15. Niclosamide, CCCP and BAM15 inhibited LPS plus ATP-induced increases of NLRP3 protein and IL-1ß mRNA levels in RAW264.7 macrophages and THP-1 derived macrophages. Niclosamide, CCCP and BAM15 inhibited LPS plus ATP-induced increase of NFκB (P65) phosphorylation, and inhibited NFκB (P65) nuclear translocation in RAW264.7 macrophages. Niclosamide and BAM15 inhibited LPS-induced increase of IκBα phosphorylation in RAW264.7 macrophages, and the inhibitory effect was dependent on increased intracellular [Ca2+]i; however, CCCP showed no significant effect on IκBα phosphorylation in RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated with LPS. In conclusion, chemical mitochondrial uncouplers niclosamide, CCCP and BAM15 share common inhibitory effect on NLRP3 inflammasome activation through inhibiting NFκB nuclear translocation.
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Inflamasomas/agonistas , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Mitocondrias/efectos de los fármacos , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR/agonistas , Desacopladores/toxicidad , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP/metabolismo , Transporte Activo de Núcleo Celular , Animales , Calcio/metabolismo , Carbonil Cianuro m-Clorofenil Hidrazona/toxicidad , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/metabolismo , Diaminas/toxicidad , Humanos , Inflamasomas/metabolismo , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/patología , Ratones , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Mitocondrias/patología , Inhibidor NF-kappaB alfa/metabolismo , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR/metabolismo , Niclosamida/toxicidad , Oxadiazoles/toxicidad , Fosforilación , Pirazinas/toxicidad , Células RAW 264.7 , Células THP-1RESUMEN
Burn injury is one of the potential causes of heterotopic ossification (HO), which is a rare but debilitating condition. The incidence ranges from 3.5 to 5.6 depending on body area. Burns that cover a larger percentage of the total body surface area (TBSA), require skin graft surgeries, or necessitate pulmonary intensive care are well-researched risk factors for HO. Since burns initiate such complex pathophysiological processes with a variety of molecular signal changes, it is essential to focus on HO in the specific context of burn injury to define best practices for its treatment. There are numerous key players in the pathways of burn-induced HO, including neutrophils, monocytes, transforming growth factor-ß1-expressing macrophages and the adaptive immune system. The increased inflammation associated with burn injuries is also associated with pathway activation. Neurological and calcium-related contributions are also known. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and vascularization are known to play key roles in burn-induced HO, with hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as potential initiators. Currently, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and radiotherapy are effective prophylaxes for HO. Limited joint motion, ankylosis and intolerable pain caused by burn-induced HO can be effectively tackled via surgery. Effective biomarkers for monitoring burn-induced HO occurrence and bio-prophylactic and bio-therapeutic strategies should be actively developed in the future.
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Quemaduras/metabolismo , Quemaduras/patología , Osificación Heterotópica/terapia , Biomarcadores/sangre , Quemaduras/sangre , Humanos , Osificación Heterotópica/sangre , Osificación Heterotópica/metabolismo , Osificación Heterotópica/patología , Osteogénesis , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
Pachymic acid from Wolfiporia cocos possesses important medicinal values including anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, invigorating, anti-rejection, anti-tumor, and antioxidant activities. However, little is known about the biosynthetic pathway from lanostane to pachymic acid. In particular, the associated genes in the biosynthetic pathway have not been characterized, which limits the high-efficiency obtaining and application of pachymic acid. To characterize the synthetic pathway and genes involved in pachymic acid synthesis, in this study, we identified 11 triterpenoids in W. cocos using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and inferred the putative biosynthetic pathway from lanostane to pachymic acid based on analyzing the chemical structure of triterpenoids and the transcriptome data. In addition, we identified a key gene in the biosynthetic pathway encoding W. cocos sterol O-acyltransferase (WcSOAT), which catalyzes tumolusic acid to pachymic acid. The results show that silence of WcSOAT gene in W. cocos strain led to reduction of pachymic acid production, whereas overexpression of this gene increased pachymic acid production, indicating that WcSOAT is involved in pachymic acid synthesis in W. cocos and the biosynthesis of W. cocos pachymic acid is closely dependent on the expression of WcSOAT gene. In summary, the biosynthetic pathway of pachymic acid and the associated genes complement our knowledge on the biosynthesis of W. cocos pachymic acid and other triterpenoids, and also provides a reference for target genes modification for exploring high-efficiency obtaining of active components.
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Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Esterol O-Aciltransferasa/metabolismo , Triterpenos/metabolismo , Wolfiporia/metabolismo , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Esterol O-Aciltransferasa/genética , Wolfiporia/enzimología , Wolfiporia/genéticaRESUMEN
Ag3PO4/g-C3N4 heterojunctions, with different g-C3N4 dosages, were synthesized using an in situ deposition method, and the photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4/Ag3PO4 heterojunctions was studied under simulated sunlight conditions. The results revealed that Ag3PO4/g-C3N4 exhibited excellent photocatalytic degradation activity for rhodamine B (Rh B) and phenol under the same light conditions. When the dosage of g-C3N4 was 30%, the degradation rate of Rh B at 9 min and phenol at 30 min was found to be 99.4% and 97.3%, respectively. After five cycles of the degradation experiment for Rh B, g-C3N4/Ag3PO4 still demonstrated stable photodegradation characteristics. The significant improvement in the photocatalytic activity and stability of g-C3N4/Ag3PO4 was attributed to the rapid charge separation between g-C3N4 and Ag3PO4 during the Z-scheme charge transfer and recombination process.
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ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Gentiana delavayi Franch. (Gentianaceae) as an ethnomedicinal plant contains a variety of effective active ingredients and exhibits diverse pharmacological actions, such as hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and central nervous system effects. In this study we investigated the influence of G. delavayi flower extract on amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing at molecular and cellular levels. APP/PS1 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were treated with chloroform extract of G. delavayi flower in different concentrations for 24 h. Concentrations of amyloid ß (Aß) 40 and Aß42 in the cell supernatant and activity of ß-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), BACE2, and cathepsin D were determined. The expression of APP and neprilysin (NEP) within the cell were further determined. Compared with the control group, the levels of Aß40 and Aß42 declined notably and the activity of BACE1 was inhibited significantly in the APP/PS1 CHO cells after treatment with the chloroform extract of G. delavayi flower. Although the activities of BACE2 and cathepsin D were not changed, the expression of Aß degrading enzyme NEP increased remarkably. Our experiments have clearly showed that the chloroform extract of G. delavayi flower inhibits the generation of ß-amyloid by specifically inhibiting ß-secretase and increases the expression of NEP which fastens the degradation of Aß, exhibiting the effect of decreasing Aß accumulation in APP/PS1 CHO cells. These results suggest that the active components from the chloroform extract of G. delavayi flower have a further prospect to be developed as potential anti-Aß drug.
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Péptidos beta-Amiloides/antagonistas & inhibidores , Gentiana , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/tratamiento farmacológico , Secretasas de la Proteína Precursora del Amiloide/metabolismo , Péptidos beta-Amiloides/metabolismo , Precursor de Proteína beta-Amiloide/metabolismo , Animales , Ácido Aspártico Endopeptidasas/metabolismo , Células CHO , Catepsina D/metabolismo , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Cricetulus , Flores , Neprilisina/metabolismo , Presenilina-1RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Plant defense against herbivores begins with perception. The earlier plant detects the harm, the greater plant will benefit in its arm race with the herbivore. Before feeding, the larvae of the rice pest Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, initially spin silk and fold up a leaf. Rice can detect and protect itself against C. medinalis feeding. However, whether rice could perceive C. medinalis leaf rolling behavior is currently unknown. Here, we evaluated the role of leaf rolling by C. medinalis and artificial leaf rolling in rice plant defense and its indirect effect on two important C. medinalis parasitoids (Itoplectis naranyae and Apanteles sp.) through a combination of volatile profiling, gene-transcriptional and phytohormonal profiling. RESULTS: Natural leaf rolling by C. medinalis resulted in an increased attraction of I. naranyae when compared to the undamaged plant after 12 h. Volatile analysis revealed that six out of a total 22 components significantly increased in the headspace of C. medinalis rolled plant when compared to undamaged plant. Principal component analysis of these components revealed similarities in the headspace of undamaged plant and artificially rolled plant while the headspace volatiles of C. medinalis rolled plant deferred significantly. Leaf rolling and feeding by C. medinalis up-regulated the plant transcriptome and a series of jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) related genes. While feeding significantly increased JA level after 12 to 36 h, rolling significantly increased SA level after 2 to 12 h. Compared to artificial rolling, natural rolling significantly increased JA level after 36 h and SA level after 2 and 12 h. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that natural leaf rolling by C. medinalis can be perceived by rice plant. The detection of this behavior may serve as an early warning signal in favor of the rice plant defenses against C. medinalis.
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Oryza/parasitología , Enfermedades de las Plantas/parasitología , Animales , Ciclopentanos/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Herbivoria , Mariposas Nocturnas/fisiología , Oryza/genética , Oryza/inmunología , Oryza/metabolismo , Oxilipinas/metabolismo , Enfermedades de las Plantas/genética , Enfermedades de las Plantas/inmunología , Hojas de la Planta/parasitología , Ácido Salicílico/metabolismo , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a kind of abnormal mineralized bone which usually occurs in muscle, tendon, or ligament. There are currently no effective drugs for the treatment and prevention of HO. Developing effective drugs that can inhibit HO is of profound significance and would provide new strategies for clinical treatment of this disease. The present investigation evaluated the inhibitory effect of tamoxifen against HO. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using an Achilles tendon trauma-induced HO female mice model, we screened different doses of tamoxifen (1, 3, and 9 mg/kg) in mice to determine the optimal dosage on the inhibition of the HO formation. The curative effect of tamoxifen was also illustrated at different HO progression stages including inï¬ammation, chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and HO maturation. RESULTS Heterotopic bone was formed with typical endochondral ossification in Achilles tendons 6 weeks after surgery and continued to enlarge up to 12 weeks. The formation of HO was significantly inhibited with the treatment of tamoxifen at the dosage of 9 mg/kg, whereas 1 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg did not reduce HO bone volume remarkably. The progression of HO was both attenuated by tamoxifen from Day 1 and Week 4 post-surgery, whereas no inhibitory effect was shown at the osteogenesis and maturation stages treated with tamoxifen. CONCLUSIONS Tamoxifen exerts an inhibitory effect on the heterotopic bone progression at inï¬ammation and chondrogenesis stages, with the TGF-ß signaling pathway suppressed following the increase in estrogen receptor alpha activity.
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Tendón Calcáneo/efectos de los fármacos , Osificación Heterotópica/tratamiento farmacológico , Tamoxifeno/farmacología , Animales , Huesos/metabolismo , China , Condrogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Músculos/metabolismo , Osificación Heterotópica/metabolismo , Osteogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Tamoxifeno/metabolismo , Traumatismos de los Tendones/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS: Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a recognized sequela after trauma and arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of celecoxib on HO. We hypothesized that celecoxib may inhibit the progression of initiated HO. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of 37 patients who underwent elbow joint surgery between January 2014 and June 2018. Seventeen patients were prescribed orally administered celecoxib (200 mg/dose, twice daily) for 2 months after the diagnosis of HO, whereas the remaining 20 patients were administered celecoxib for 1 month starting immediately after surgery. HO progression was evaluated by plain radiographs. By use of an Achilles tendon puncture-induced HO mouse model, the curative effect of celecoxib was illustrated at different HO progression stages. The mice were assigned to 1 of 4 groups: sham group, vehicle group, group receiving celecoxib on day 1, and group receiving celecoxib in week 6. Achilles tendons were analyzed by micro-computed tomography and histochemistry after 12 weeks. RESULTS: Celecoxib did not inhibit the progression of initiated HO in the patients in whom HO was diagnosed, whereas those who received celecoxib after surgery had lower morbidity. Achilles tendon puncture effectively induced typical HO in mice. The ectopic bone volume was significantly reduced in the day 1 celecoxib group compared with the vehicle group; however, the difference was not statistically significant in the week 6 celecoxib group. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of celecoxib starting immediately after surgery can significantly inhibit the formation of HO. Once HO is visible on plain radiographs or micro-computed tomography, celecoxib cannot effectively attenuate further progression of HO in humans and mice.
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Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/uso terapéutico , Celecoxib/uso terapéutico , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Osificación Heterotópica/tratamiento farmacológico , Osificación Heterotópica/prevención & control , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/tratamiento farmacológico , Tendón Calcáneo/diagnóstico por imagen , Tendón Calcáneo/lesiones , Tendón Calcáneo/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Articulación del Codo/diagnóstico por imagen , Articulación del Codo/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Persona de Mediana Edad , Osificación Heterotópica/diagnóstico por imagen , Osificación Heterotópica/etiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/diagnóstico por imagen , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Microtomografía por Rayos X , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
SETD2 is a histone methyltransferase that catalyzes the trimethylation of lysine 36 on histone 3. SETD2 is frequently found to be mutated or deleted in a variety of human tumors, whereas the role of SETD2 in oncogenesis of osteosarcoma has never been defined. Here in our study, we uncovered that SETD2 regulates tumor growth and chemosensitivity of osteosarcoma. Overexpression of SETD2 significantly inhibited osteosarcoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, SETD2 significantly enhanced cisplatin-induced apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells and inhibited cancer stem cell properties in OS cells. SETD2 regulates Wnt/ß-catenin signaling and its downstream gene c-myc, CD133 and cyclin D1. We further revealed that SETD2 upregulates H3K36me3 modification in GSK3B loci and promotes its transcription, which lead to ß-catenin degradation. Together, our study delineates SETD2 function in osteosarcoma as an important regulator of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling, and suggests SETD2 as a novel target in diagnosis and combined chemotherapy of osteosarcoma.
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Neoplasias Óseas/metabolismo , N-Metiltransferasa de Histona-Lisina/metabolismo , Osteosarcoma/metabolismo , Animales , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Neoplasias Óseas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Óseas/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/fisiología , Cisplatino/farmacología , Regulación hacia Abajo , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/fisiología , Glucógeno Sintasa Quinasa 3 beta/genética , Glucógeno Sintasa Quinasa 3 beta/metabolismo , Xenoinjertos , N-Metiltransferasa de Histona-Lisina/genética , Humanos , Ratones , Ratones Desnudos , Células Madre Neoplásicas/enzimología , Osteosarcoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Osteosarcoma/patología , Esferoides Celulares/enzimología , Vía de Señalización Wnt , beta Catenina/metabolismoRESUMEN
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), which has yellow flowers, is both an important oil crop and a traditional tourism resource in China, whereas the Orychophragmus violaceus, which has purple flowers, likely possesses a candidate gene or genes to alter the flower colour of oilseed rape. A previously established B. napus line has a particular pair of O. violaceus chromosomes (M4) and exhibits slightly red petals. In this study, the transcriptomic analysis of M4, B. napus (H3), and O. violaceus with purple petals (OvP) and with white petals (OvW) revealed that most anthocyanin biosynthesis genes were up-regulated in both M4 and OvP. Read assembly and sequence alignment identified a homolog of AtPAP2 in M4, which produced the O. violaceus transcript (OvPAP2). The overexpression of OvPAP2 via the CaMV35S promoter in Arabidopsis thaliana led to different levels of anthocyanin accumulation in most organs, including the petals. However, the B. napus overexpression plants showed anthocyanin accumulation primarily in the anthers, but not the petals. However, when OvPAP2 was driven by the petal-specific promoter XY355, the transgenic B. napus plants produced red anthers and red petals. The results of metabolomic experiments showed that specific anthocyanins accumulated to high levels in the red petals. This study illustrates the feasibility of producing red-flowered oilseed rape, thereby enhancing its ornamental value, via the ectopic expression of the OvPAP2 gene. Moreover, the practical application of this study for insect pest management in the crop is discussed.
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Brassica napus/metabolismo , Flores/metabolismo , Antocianinas/metabolismo , Brassica napus/genética , Expresión Génica Ectópica/genética , Expresión Génica Ectópica/fisiología , Flores/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/fisiología , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/genética , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Heterotopic ossification (HO) recurrence after joint surgery is always a disturbing problem for patients and surgeons. Our study was performed to assess the efficacy and safety of celecoxib in preventing the recurrence of HO after open arthrolysis for post-traumatic elbow stiffness. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 152 patients with stiff elbows caused by post-traumatic HO. After surgery, 77 patients received celecoxib (200 mg once daily) for 28 days, whereas 75 did not. Radiographic evaluation was performed at 3, 6, and 9 months postoperatively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine which factors affected HO recurrence. RESULTS: HO was both more common and more severe in the no-celecoxib group than in the celecoxib group at 3, 6, and 9 months after surgery. A significant difference was observed between the 2 groups in terms of postoperative extension (P = .030), flexion (P = .008), and pronation (P = .005); however, no significant difference in postoperative supination was noted (P = .622). Logistic regression analysis showed that taking celecoxib was the protective factor for HO recurrence, whereas overweight (body mass index > 25) and male gender were the risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: A short course of celecoxib aids in the prevention of HO recurrence after open arthrolysis for elbow stiffness in adults and could be an effective and safe option.
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Celecoxib/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores de la Ciclooxigenasa 2/uso terapéutico , Articulación del Codo/fisiopatología , Articulación del Codo/cirugía , Osificación Heterotópica/prevención & control , Rango del Movimiento Articular/fisiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Procedimientos Ortopédicos , Osificación Heterotópica/etiología , Sobrepeso/complicaciones , Recurrencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Sexuales , Adulto Joven , Lesiones de CodoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND & AIMS: TGF-ß1 is an abundant cytokine present in the tumour microenvironment. It has been shown to trigger versican expression in human osteosarcoma cells, which may account for the metastatic potential of these cells. However, the underlying mechanism of TGF-ß1-mediated metastasis remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the roles of versican in TGF-ß1-induced osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion. METHODS: Sixty paired osteosarcoma tumour tissues and adjacent normal tissues were obtained, and the relationship between Enneking stage and versican expression was tested by ANOVA analysis. Real-time PCR or Western blot was used to detect versican, Smad and miR-143 expression. Osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion was assessed using Boyden chambers. A luciferase reporter assay was employed to validate the miR-143-versican interaction. RESULTS: Both versican isoforms, V0 and V1, were significantly differentially expressed in tumours at different stages. TGF-ß1 promoted osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion in vitro by up-regulating versican. Furthermore, TGF-ß1 suppressed miR-143 expression through a Smad 2/3-dependent pathway. miR-143 directly targets the versican 3'-UTR, and anti-miR-143 or versican knockdown blocked the effects of TGF-ß1. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that TGF-ß1 up-regulates versican expression by suppressing miR-143, and this pathway is important for osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion.
Asunto(s)
MicroARNs/biosíntesis , Osteosarcoma/genética , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/metabolismo , Versicanos/biosíntesis , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular/genética , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , MicroARNs/genética , Invasividad Neoplásica/genética , Osteosarcoma/metabolismo , Osteosarcoma/patología , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/administración & dosificación , Microambiente Tumoral/genética , Versicanos/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone tissue, which has an insidious onset and is difficult to detect early, and few early diagnostic markers with high specificity and sensitivity. Therefore, this study aims to identify potential biomarkers that can help diagnose OS in its early stages and improve the prognosis of patients. METHODS: The data sets of GSE12789, GSE28424, GSE33382 and GSE36001 were combined and normalized to identify Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs). The data were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) and Disease Ontology (DO). The hub gene was selected based on the common DEG that was obtained by applying two regression methods: the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and Support vVector Machine (SVM). Then the diagnostic value of the hub gene was evaluated in the GSE42572 data set. Finally, the correlation between immunocyte infiltration and key genes was analyzed by CIBERSORT. RESULTS: The regression analysis results of LASSO and SVM are the following three DEGs: FK501 binding protein 51 (FKBP5), C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), complement component 1 Q subcomponent B chain (C1QB). We evaluated the diagnostic performance of three biomarkers (FKBP5, CCL5 and C1QB) for osteosarcoma using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. In the training group, the area under the curve (AUC) of FKBP5, CCL5 and C1QB was 0.907, 0.874 and 0.676, respectively. In the validation group, the AUC of FKBP5, CCL5 and C1QB was 0.618, 0.932 and 0.895, respectively. It is noteworthy that these genes were more expressed in tumor tissues than in normal tissues by various immune cell types, such as plasma cells, CD8+ T cells, T regulatory cells (Tregs), activated NK cells, activated dendritic cells and activated mast cells. These immune cell types are also associated with the expression levels of the three diagnostic genes that we identified. CONCLUSION: We found that CCL5 can be considered an early diagnostic gene of osteosarcoma, and CCL5 interacts with immune cells to influence tumor occurrence and development. These findings have important implications for the early detection of osteosarcoma and the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Óseas , Osteosarcoma , Humanos , Ligandos , Osteosarcoma/diagnóstico , Osteosarcoma/genética , Osteosarcoma/terapia , Biomarcadores , Inmunoterapia , Neoplasias Óseas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Óseas/genética , Neoplasias Óseas/terapia , Quimiocina CCL5/genéticaRESUMEN
In order to predict the global potential distribution range of Ixodes pacificus (I. pacificus) under different climate scenario models in the future, analyze the major climate factors affecting its distribution, and provide references for the transformation of passive vector surveillance into active vector surveillance, the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) was used in this study to estimate the global potential distribution range of I. pacificus under historical climate scenarios and different future climate scenarios. The global distribution data of I. pacificus were screened by ENMtools and ArcGIS 10.8 software, and a total of 563 distribution data of I. pacificus were obtained. Maxent 3.4.1 and R 4.0.3 were used to screen climate variables according to the contribution rate of environmental variables, knife cutting method and correlation analysis of variables. R 4.0.3 was used to calculate model regulation frequency doubling and feature combination to adjust MaxEnt parameters. The model results showed that the training omission rate was in good agreement with the theoretical omission rate, and the area under ROC curve (AUC) value of the model was 0.978. Among the included environmental variables, the Tmin2 (minimum temperature in February) and Prec1 (precipitation in January) contributed the most to the model, providing more effective information for the distribution of I. pacificus. MaxEnt model revealed that the distribution range of I. pacificus was dynamically changing. The main potential suitable areas are distributed in North America, South America, Europe, Oceania and Asia. Under the future climate scenario model, the potential suitable areas show a downward trend, but the countries and regions ieeeeeeenvolved in the suitable areas do not change much. Therefore, the invasion risk of the potential suitable area of I. pacificus should be paid attention to.