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BACKGROUND: White matter abnormalities can cause network dysfunction that underlies major depressive disorder (MDD). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is used to examine the neural connectivity and integrity of the white matter. Previous studies have implicated frontolimbic neural networks in the pathophysiology of MDD. Approximately 30% of MDD patients demonstrate treatment-resistant depression (TRD). However, the neurobiology of TRD remains unclear. METHODS: We used a voxel-based analysis method to analyze DTI data in young patients with TRD (n = 30; 19 males, 11 females) compared with right-handed, age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (n = 25; 14 males, 11 females). RESULTS: We found a significant decrease in fractional anisotropy (FA) (corrected, cluster size >50) in the left middle frontal gyrus (peak coordinates [-18 46-14]), left limbic lobe uncus (peak coordinates [-18 2-22]), and right cerebellum posterior lobe (peak coordinates [26-34 -40]). There was no increase in FA in any brain region in patients. We also found a significant negative correlation between mean regional FA values in the three areas and Beck Depression Inventory symptom scores. CONCLUSIONS: We found significant differences in white matter FA in the frontal lobe, limbic lobe and cerebellum between TRD patients and controls. These data suggest that abnormalities of cortical-limbic-cerebellar white matter networks may contribute to TRD in young patients.
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Cerebelo/patología , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/patología , Imagen de Difusión Tensora , Lóbulo Frontal/patología , Sistema Límbico/patología , Adulto , Anisotropía , Antidepresivos/uso terapéutico , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Red Nerviosa/patología , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Insuficiencia del TratamientoRESUMEN
To investigate the validity of the Chinese version of Mood Disorder Questionnaire (C-MDQ) in China. Patients with bipolar disorders (BP, N=284) and patients with unipolar depressive disorder (UP, N=134) were assessed with the C-MDQ. The Eigenvalues of the first two factors were 3.15 and 2.09, respectively. The Cronbach's alpha of the C-MDQ was 0.79. The frequency of positive responses of UP patients was significantly lower than those of BP patients for 12 items except the seventh item. A C-MDQ screening score of seven or more was the best cutoff between BP and UP. The C-MDQ could distinguish between bipolar II disorder (BP-II) and UP, and the best cutoff was five. A cutoff of five had a sensitivity of 0.80 and a specificity of 0.54 between BP and UP. This study demonstrated the good validity of C-MDQ in China. The best cutoff between BP-II and UP can be regarded as the optimal cutoff between BP and UP to improve the sensitivity of screening for BP-II. Five should be the optimal cutoff between the BP and UP when only the 13 items of the questionnaire are used in China.
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Trastorno Bipolar/diagnóstico , Tamizaje Masivo , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto , Trastorno Bipolar/clasificación , China , Análisis Factorial , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Curva ROC , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Estadística como AsuntoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The 32-item Hypomania Checklist (HCL-32), a questionnaire for screening bipolar disorders, has been utilised in several countries, but it unclear if the Chinese version of the HCL-32 is valid. METHODS: Consecutive patients with bipolar disorders (BP, N = 300) and unipolar major depression (UP, N = 156) completed the Chinese version of the HCL-32. The subjects underwent a structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis-I disorders (SCID). RESULTS: The eigenvalues for the first three factors in the HCL-32 were calculated as 5.16 (active/elated), 2.72 (risk-taking) and 2.48 (irritable) using factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha for the HCL-32 was calculated to be 0.88. Positive responses to twenty-eight items were significantly more frequent by patients with BP than those with UP, and the other four items (7th, 21st, 25th and 32nd) showed no such trend. Fourteen was the optimal cut-off for discriminating between BP and UP. The HCL-32 distinguished between BP-II and UP, with 13 being the optimal cut-off. A cut-off of 13 yielded a sensitivity of 0.77 and a specificity of 0.62 between BP and UP. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that the simplified Chinese version of HCL-32 was valid for patients with mood disorders. The optimal cut-off of 13 for distinguishing between BP-II and UP was valid and could be used to improve the sensitivity of screening BP-II patients when the HCL-32 is used in psychiatric settings in China.
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Trastorno Bipolar/diagnóstico , Lista de Verificación/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/diagnóstico , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Lista de Verificación/métodos , China , Análisis Factorial , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Curva ROCRESUMEN
The efficacy of traditional treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is still unsatisfactory. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been widely used in the treatment of various types of mental disorders, including PTSD. Although rTMS has been demonstrated to be effective in many cases, there are still arguments regarding its mechanism and protocol. This review aims to summarize the origin, development, principle, and future direction of rTMS and introduce this neuro-stimulation therapy to relevant clinicians.
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Under the COVID-19 epidemic, the families of front-line rescue workers are under unusual pressure. We aim to understand the extent of their psychological distress in this epidemic and whether they have received sufficient support. Thus targeted to provide support for them and indirectly reduce the concerns of the rescue workers. From February 27 to March 1, 2020, we used the scales of Perceived Stress Scale, 10-items Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-2, and primary care-posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to evaluate the mental health level of the family members of front-line rescue workers online. Six hundred and seventy one family members voluntarily filled out the questionnaire after reading the purpose of the study. A total of 671 family members of front-line rescue workers participated in the survey, including 194 husbands/wives, 52 parents, 49 children, 76 brothers and sisters, and 300 other relationships. Among them, 55% of the family members reported sleep problems, 49.0% of the family members had mild, and above anxiety symptoms, 12.2% of the family members reported clinically significant depression symptoms, and 10.4% of the family members may have PTSD, 8.3% of family members had thoughts of self-injury or suicide. The feeling of stress was positively correlated with anxiety and depression, but there was no significant correlation between psychological elasticity and various symptoms. Family members who are more worried about the safety, physical condition and living security of front-line rescue workers are more likely to report symptoms such as sleep disorders, anxiety, and depression. Family members' first-line rescue has a significant impact on their daily life, raising children and supporting the elderly, which is also related to the occurrence of mental and psychological symptoms. During the period of front-line support, they received support from the units or organizations of the first-line workers, mainly including telephone greetings and daily necessities. The top three concerns about the information of the epidemic were the time of the end of the epidemic, the time of the return of the family and the progress of COVID-19's treatment. After the end of the epidemic, what they most want to do is to pay more attention to and accompany their families, family gatherings, and do more exercise. The psychological impact of this epidemic on the families of front-line rescue workers is mainly sleep problems and anxiety. The psychological intervention of family members should mainly start from the relief of stress and increase of material and spiritual support.
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BACKGROUND: Previous studies about the reliability and validity of the updated PCL version for the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (PCL-5) have only been evaluated in certain samples of the population, which lacks in the sample of Healthcare Workers. Our study focused on the factor structure, reliability and validity of the PCL-5 among Chinese Healthcare Workers during the Outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019. METHODS: We conducted an online survey of frontline healthcare workers using the PCL-5 for PTSD. Total of 212 frontline healthcare providers were included in this study. RESULTS: The findings showed that PCL-5 is a reliable instrument in our sample. The total and subscale scores showed good internal consistency. The convergent and discriminant validity of the PCL-5 were also well demonstrated. Our result showed a better fit with the seven-factor hybrid model compared with other models and supported that the PCL-5 Chinese version can be used as a reliable screening tool to conduct psychological screening for Chinese healthcare workers. LIMITATION: We could not examine other aspects of reliability and validity like test-retest reliability or criterion validity. We didn't use the gold-standard structured interview for PTSD in our study. Besides, most of our samples were young people who had access to the internet. Not all professional levels and seniorities were presented because our sample had a lower mean income and educational level. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that the Chinese PCL-5 has good validity and reliability in frontline healthcare workers during the outbreak.
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COVID-19 , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático , Adolescente , Lista de Verificación , China/epidemiología , Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales , Brotes de Enfermedades , Personal de Salud , Humanos , Psicometría , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , SARS-CoV-2 , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/diagnóstico , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among survivors from a coal mining accident after 2 and 10 months and factors related to PTSD. METHODS: To estimate the prevalence of PTSD, 104 miners were surveyed through the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C). Forty survivors including 24 severe PTSD patients and 24 non-PTSD subjects were evaluated thoroughly. RESULTS: The current prevalence rate among survivors from the coal mining accident at 2 months was 50%. There were significant differences in PTSD symptoms, anxiety and depression, personality, and memory performance between the PTSD patients and non-PTSD controls. State anxiety, time to renew the work, depression, neuroticism, and the place they were staying, and length of service were predictors of PTSD. After 10 months of the accident, 30.6% survivors still met the criterion of PTSD. Compared with 2 months after the accident, PTSD symptoms, anxiety, and memory performance improved clearly, while the depressive symptoms had no significant difference. The state anxiety, time to renew the work, positive coping, emotional balance, and length of service were the factors of PTSD symptom healing. CONCLUSION: The current prevalence of PTSD among survivors from coal mining accident is high. The mining accident has great influence on victims, and psychological or medication interventions are necessary. There are lots of risk factors for the prevalence of PTSD, such as state anxiety, depression, neuroticism, and shorter duration of service. Positive coping may be a beneficial factor for PTSD recovery.
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Accidentes de Trabajo , Minas de Carbón , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/epidemiología , Adulto , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Ansiedad/psicología , China/epidemiología , Trastorno Depresivo/epidemiología , Trastorno Depresivo/psicología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/etiología , SobrevivientesRESUMEN
AIMS: This study assessed whether antidepressant drug treatment has a common effect on gray matter (GM) volume in MDD patients with and without childhood maltreatment (CM). METHODS: T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from 168 participants, including 51 MDD patients with CM, 31 MDD patients without CM, 48 normal controls with CM, and 38 normal controls without CM. MDD patients received 6 months of treatment with paroxetine, and 24 patients with CM, and 16 patients without CM received a second MRI scan. A whole-brain voxel-based morphometry approach was used to estimate GM volume in each participant at two time points. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the effects of MDD and CM on GM volume at baseline. Repeated measures two-way ANOVA was used to determine the treatment-by-CM interactive effect and main effect of treatment during paroxetine treatment. We further investigated the relationship between GM volume and clinical variables. RESULTS: At baseline, significant MDD-by-CM interactive effects on GM volume were mainly observed in the left parahippocampal gyrus, left entorhinal cortex, and left cuneus. GM volume was significantly lower mainly in the right middle temporal gyrus in patients with MDD than in normal controls. We did not find any significant treatment-by-CM interactive effects. However, a treatment-related increase in GM was found in the right middle temporal gyrus in both MDD groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that paroxetine treatment operates via a shared neurobiological mechanism in MDD patients with and without CM.
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Antidepresivos de Segunda Generación/uso terapéutico , Maltrato a los Niños/psicología , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/psicología , Sustancia Gris/efectos de los fármacos , Paroxetina/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Niño , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Sustancia Gris/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
It has been reported that some schizophrenic patients suffer from obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS), and clozapine treatment is quite often associated with an occurrence/increase of OCS in schizophrenic patients. The aim of the study was to explore whether differences would exist in the clinical symptomatology and the whole blood serotonin (5-HT) concentrations in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), schizophrenic patients with and without OCS (S+OCS, S-OCS), and clozapine-treated schizophrenic patients with and without clozapine-induced OCS (CLZ+OCS, CLZ-OCS). We found that S+OCS patients (n=15) showed significantly lower scores on the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), but similar levels of compulsions and obsessions using Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) as compared to the patients (n=35) with OCD. S+OCS patients scored significantly lower on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) but higher on the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) compared with S-OCS patients (n=19). However, CLZ+OCS patients (n=15) suffered from dominant compulsions but fewer obsessions compared with the OCD and S+OCS patients. OCD, S+OCS and CLZ+OCS groups had significantly lower levels of whole blood 5-HT than did the healthy volunteers (n=15), S-OCS and CLZ-OCS groups. It suggests that alterations in serotonin metabolism may be a common biological characteristic of OCS in OCD as well as in schizophrenia.
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Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/sangre , Esquizofrenia/sangre , Psicología del Esquizofrénico , Serotonina/sangre , Adolescente , Adulto , Antipsicóticos/efectos adversos , Antipsicóticos/uso terapéutico , Clozapina/efectos adversos , Clozapina/uso terapéutico , Comorbilidad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/inducido químicamente , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/diagnóstico , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/psicología , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Esquizofrenia/tratamiento farmacológico , Estadística como AsuntoRESUMEN
The neural substrates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are still not fully elucidated. Hence, this study is to explore topological alterations of the default mode network (DMN) in victims with PTSD after a magnitude of 8.0 earthquake using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).This study was approved by the local ethical review board, and all participants signed written informed consent. Sixty-two PTSD victims from the 2008 Sichuan earthquake and 62 matched exposed controls underwent rs-fMRI. PTSD was diagnosed by Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, and underwent PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version for symptom scoring. The DMN was analyzed by using graph theoretical approaches. Further, Pearson correlation analysis was performed to correlate neuroimaging metrics to neuropsychological scores in victims with PTSD.Victims with PTSD showed decreased DMN functional connectivity strength between the right superior frontal gyrus and left inferior parietal lobule (IPL), and showed increased functional connectivity between the right IPL and precuneus or left posterior cingulate cortex. It was also found that victims with PTSD exhibited decreased nodal efficiency in right superior frontal gyrus and precuneus, and increased nodal efficiency in right hippocampus/parahippocampus. Apart from that, PTSD showed higher nodal degree in bilateral hippocampus/parahippocampus. In addition, the functional connectivity strength between the right IPL and precuneus correlated negatively to the avoid scores (râ=â-0.26, Pâ=â.04).This study implicates alteration of topological features on the DMN in PTSD victims after major earthquake, and provides new insights into DMN malfunction in PTSD based on graph theory.
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Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Desastres , Terremotos , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/etiología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/fisiopatología , Adulto , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Mapeo Encefálico , China , Femenino , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Vías Nerviosas/diagnóstico por imagen , Vías Nerviosas/fisiopatología , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Descanso , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
Encoding specificity theory predicts most effective recall by the original conditions at encoding, while generalization endows recall flexibly under circumstances which deviate from the originals. The CA1 regions have been implicated in memory and generalization but whether and which locally separated mechanisms are involved is not clear. We report here that fear memory is quickly formed, but generalization develops gradually over 24 h. Generalization but not fear memory is impaired by inhibiting ipsilateral (ips) or contralateral (con) CA1, and by optogenetic silencing of the ipsCA1 projections onto conCA1. By contrast, in vivo fEPSP recordings reveal that ipsCA1-conCA1 synaptic efficacy is increased with delay over 24 h when generalization is formed but it is unchanged if generalization is disrupted. Direct excitation of ipsCA1-conCA1 synapses using chemogenetic hM3Dq facilitates generalization formation. Thus, rapid generalization is an active process dependent on bilateral CA1 regions, and encoded by gradual synaptic learning in ipsCA1-conCA1 circuit.
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Región CA1 Hipocampal/fisiología , Condicionamiento Psicológico/fisiología , Miedo/psicología , Generalización Psicológica/fisiología , Memoria/fisiología , Animales , Potenciación a Largo Plazo/fisiología , Masculino , Recuerdo Mental/fisiología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Modelos Animales , Vías Nerviosas/fisiología , Optogenética , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Sinapsis/fisiologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Sexual assault is one of the most traumatic stressors one may experience in life. Although studies have investigated the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and associated psychosocial factors on victims of sexual assault internationally, such studies in Mainland China are limited. METHODS: Two hundred thirt-three Chinese females (aged 17-38) victims of sexual assault were surveyed in three Guangdong province cities (Guangzhou city, Shenzhen city, and Huizhou city). The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, PTSD Checklist Civilian Version, Social Support Rating Scale, and Trait Coping Style Questionnaire were used. RESULTS: The prevalence of PTSD in Chinese female victims of sexual assault was 15.25% (34/223). Six psychosocial factors were found to be significant for PTSD symptomatology, including objective support (ß = -1.01, P = 0.001), subjective support (ß = -0.59, P < 0.001), support utilization (ß = -1.03, P = 0.005), negative coping style (ß = 0.58, P < 0.001), positive coping style (ß = -0.44, P < 0.001), and neuroticism (ß = 0.48, P < 0.001). DISCUSSION: These findings suggest that negative coping bias and neuroticism were predisposing risk factors that increase PTSD symptoms, while objective support, subjective support, support utilization, and positive coping style were protective factors for PTSD following sexual assault, and provide prima facie evidence for posttrauma intervention.
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Delitos Sexuales/psicología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/etiología , Adaptación Psicológica/fisiología , Adolescente , Adulto , China , Víctimas de Crimen/psicología , Víctimas de Crimen/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Prevalencia , Delitos Sexuales/estadística & datos numéricos , Apoyo Social , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/epidemiología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to test the ability of the Chinese version of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) to identify Bipolar Disorders (BD) in patients diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) or Unipolar Disorder (UD) in the clinical setting. METHODS: 1,487 being treated for MDD or UD at 12 mental health centers across China, completed the MDQ and subsequently examined by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC) curves were used to determine the ability of the MDQ to differentiate between BD (BD, BD-I and BD-II) and MDD or UD and patients with BD-I from patients with BD-II. RESULTS: Of the 1,487 patients, 309 (20.8%) satisfied the DSM-IV criteria for BD: 118 (7.9%) for BD-I and 191 (12.8%) for BD-II. When only part one of the MDQ was used, the best cutoff was 7 between BD and UD (sensitivity 0.66, specificity 0.88, positive predictive value 0.59, negative predictive value 0.91), 6 between BD-II and UD, and 10 between BD-I and BD-II. If all three parts of the MDQ were used, the MDQ could not distinguish between BD and UD at a cutoff of 7 (or 6), and the sensitivity was only 0.22 (or 0.24). CONCLUSION: The Chinese version of the MDQ had good psychometric features in screening bipolar disorders from depressive patients with mood disorders when part two and part three of the MDQ were ignored.
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Trastorno Bipolar/diagnóstico , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/diagnóstico , Trastornos del Humor/diagnóstico , Psicometría/métodos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto , Trastorno Bipolar/epidemiología , China/epidemiología , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/complicaciones , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Trastornos del Humor/complicaciones , Trastornos del Humor/epidemiología , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadAsunto(s)
Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Servicios de Salud Mental/estadística & datos numéricos , Modelos Teóricos , Australia , China , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/organización & administración , Humanos , Servicios de Salud Mental/organización & administración , Objetivos OrganizacionalesRESUMEN
Signal transduction has been reported to be involved in antidepressant treatment outcomes; however, its mechanisms remain unclear. The aims of this study were to explore the associations between antidepressant remission and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), haplotypes, and gene-gene interactions in the Ras-Raf-MAPK intracellular signaling pathway. A total of 302 inpatients with major depressive disorder (DSM-IV Axis I) were assessed using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale before and after 8 weeks of antidepressant treatment to determine the remission rate in the samples. Twenty-four SNPs at five kinase genes (Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK-RSK), which are a part of the Ras-Raf-MAPK signaling pathway, were identified to investigate a genetic association with antidepressant drug outcome. Correlations between 24 SNPs at the five kinase genes in the Ras-Raf-MAPK signaling pathway and antidepressant drug outcome were not found. The percentage of the CCAGA haplotype that RSK(2/3/4)-RSKL(1/2) gene loci SNPs constructed was markedly lower in the remitter group when compared with the nonremitter group in female depressed patients (P=0.04), whereas the proportion of AAAGGG haplotype that RSK(2/3/4)-RSKL(1/2) gene loci SNPs constructed in the remitter group was significantly greater than that in the nonremitter group in male patients (P=0.02). In addition, MEK1 (rs28730804) and RSK3 (rs2229712) in the Ras-Raf-MAPK signaling pathway showed a gene-gene interaction that affected antidepressant drug outcome in female depressed patients (P=0.041). Although this study did not find that SNPs at the five kinase genes in the Ras-Raf-MAPK signaling pathway are important markers for antidepressant outcome, certain haplotypes that SNPs at the RSK(2/3/4)-RSKL(1/2) gene constructed may be important markers for antidepressant drug efficacy. We observed a gene-gene interaction in this signaling pathway that influenced antidepressant efficacy in female depressed patients. Therefore, it is likely that in female depressed patients, different haplotypes and gene-gene interaction in the Ras-Raf-MAPK signaling pathway are involved in mediating the pharmacological action of an antidepressant, and eventually influence antidepressant efficacy.
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Antidepresivos/uso terapéutico , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/genética , Epistasis Genética , MAP Quinasa Quinasa 1/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Proteínas Quinasas S6 Ribosómicas 90-kDa/genética , Adulto , Pueblo Asiatico , China , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/metabolismo , Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Humanos , MAP Quinasa Quinasa 1/metabolismo , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Inducción de Remisión , Proteínas Quinasas S6 Ribosómicas 90-kDa/metabolismo , Caracteres Sexuales , Quinasas raf/genética , Quinasas raf/metabolismo , Proteínas ras/genética , Proteínas ras/metabolismoRESUMEN
A highly osteogenic hybrid bioabsorbable scaffold was developed for bone reconstruction/augmentation. Through the use of a solid free-form fabrication technology, a bioabsorbable polycaprolactone (PCL) cage scaffold with a desired size and shape was produced and then filled with osteogenic bone graft particles, that is, morselized autologous bone chips. A rabbit total lamina defect model was chosen to demonstrate its efficacy in regenerating bone with a complicated anatomic shape. Both iliac bone and morselized iliac bone grafts were used in this study for comparison purposes. Serum osteocalcin and collagen type I cross-linked C-terminal telopeptide (CTx) determination showed that active bone remodeling occurred after bone grafts were implanted. X-ray images showed that the bony defects were completely filled with bone mass in all the groups with bone grafts. However, biomechanical tests showed that only the iliac bone and hybrid scaffold groups could restore the mechanical properties to the normal level after 10 weeks of implantation. A histology study showed that both iliac and hybrid scaffold groups had extensive new bone formation, and no adhesion and fibrosis were found. These results indicated that this osteogenic hybrid scaffold can be a good alternative to autologous iliac bone, because it does not need a second iliac bone-harvesting surgery, and thus the morbidity and the possible infections that are often associated with the bone harvesting surgery can be avoided.
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AIM: To investigate the results of the Hypomania Checklist-32 (HCL-32) administered as a screening instrument in clinical settings to mood disorders patients in the depressive phase. METHODS: A total of 1487 patients diagnosed and being treated for major depressive disorder (MDD) in 13 mental health centers across China were self-rated by the HCL-32 and independently examined by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). RESULTS: After examination by the MINI, 309 (20.8%) of the 1487 patients clinically diagnosed as having MDD satisfied DSM-IV criteria for bipolar disorder (BD): 118 (7.9%) for bipolar I disorder (BD-I) and 191 (12.8%) for bipolar II disorder (BD-II). The mean HCL-32 score of the BD patients was statistically higher than that of patients with unipolar depression (UD, major depressive disorder), BD-II higher than UD, while no significant difference between BD-I and BD-II. The HCL-32 distinguished between BD and UD (best cutoff score 14), between BD-II and UD (best cutoff 12). At the optimum cutoff of 12 between BD and UD, the sensitivity was 0.86, specificity 0.69. LIMITATIONS: No standardized instruments were used to measure the severity of depressive symptoms. Depressed patients with a previous history of BD were excluded from this study. CONCLUSIONS: The HCL-32 results in this multicenter study of patients in the depressive phase were similar to those of earlier, generally smaller-scale studies which subjects could be in any mood phases. A score of 12 could be used as the optimum cutoff between BD and UD to improve screening for BD-II if the HCL-32 was applied in clinical settings in China.
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Trastorno Bipolar/diagnóstico , Lista de Verificación , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/psicología , Adulto , Afecto , Trastorno Bipolar/psicología , China , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/diagnóstico , Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Curva ROC , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
Exposure to early life stress results in behavioural changes, and these dysfunctions may persist throughout adulthood. In this study, we investigated whether hippocampus volume and neurochemical changes were involved in the appearance of these effects in the maternal separation (MS) animal model using the noninvasive techniques of structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to MS for 180 min from postnatal days (PND) 2-14 demonstrated decreased sucrose preference, increased immobility in the forced swimming test (FST), and impaired memory in the Morris water maze in adulthood. Environmental enrichment (EE) (PND 21-60) could ameliorate the effects of MS on sucrose preference and learning and memory but not on immobility in the FST. In addition, EE significantly increased N-acetylaspartate (NAA) of MS animals. However, we did not find an effect of MS or EE on hippocampal volume. These results indicate the involvement of hippocampal neurochemistry in the behavioural changes that result from early stressful life events and their modification by post-weaning EE. Thus changes in NAA, as a measure of neuronal integrity, appear to be a sensitive correlate of these behavioural effects.
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Ambiente , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Hipocampo/patología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Privación Materna , Estrés Psicológico/metabolismo , Estrés Psicológico/psicología , Animales , Ácido Aspártico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Aspártico/metabolismo , Atrofia/psicología , Conducta de Elección/fisiología , Femenino , Masculino , Aprendizaje por Laberinto/fisiología , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Estrés Psicológico/fisiopatología , NataciónRESUMEN
To identify susceptibility loci for schizophrenia, we performed a two-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) of schizophrenia in the Han Chinese population (GWAS: 746 individuals with schizophrenia and 1,599 healthy controls; validation: 4,027 individuals with schizophrenia and 5,603 healthy controls). We identified two susceptibility loci for schizophrenia at 6p21-p22.1 (rs1233710 in an intron of ZKSCAN4, P(combined) = 4.76 × 10(-11), odds ratio (OR) = 0.79; rs1635 in an exon of NKAPL, P(combined) = 6.91 × 10(-12), OR = 0.78; rs2142731 in an intron of PGBD1, P(combined) = 5.14 × 10(-10), OR = 0.79) and 11p11.2 (rs11038167 near the 5' UTR of TSPAN18, P(combined) = 1.09 × 10(-11), OR = 1.29; rs11038172, P(combined) = 7.21 × 10(-10), OR = 1.25; rs835784, P(combined) = 2.73 × 10(-11), OR = 1.27). These results add to previous evidence of susceptibility loci for schizophrenia at 6p21-p22.1 in the Han Chinese population. We found that NKAPL and ZKSCAN4 were expressed in postnatal day 0 (P0) mouse brain. These findings may lead to new insights into the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
Asunto(s)
Cromosomas Humanos Par 11 , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Esquizofrenia/genética , Adulto , Animales , Pueblo Asiatico , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Cromosomas Humanos Par 6 , Proteínas Co-Represoras/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Sitios Genéticos , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Análisis de Componente Principal , Sitios de Carácter Cuantitativo , Esquizofrenia/etnología , Tetraspaninas/genética , Transcripción GenéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Internet addition disorder (IAD) is currently becoming a serious mental health problem among Chinese adolescents. The pathogenesis of IAD, however, remains unclear. The purpose of this study applied regional homogeneity (ReHo) method to analyze encephalic functional characteristic of IAD college students under resting state. METHODS: Functional magnetic resonanc image (fMRI) was performed in 19 IAD college students and 19 controls under resting state. ReHo method was used to analyze the differences between the average ReHo in two groups. RESULTS: The following increased ReHo brain regions were found in IAD group compared with control group: cerebellum, brainstem, right cingulate gyrus, bilateral parahippocampus, right frontal lobe (rectal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus), left superior frontal gyrus, left precuneus, right postcentral gyrus, right middle occipital gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus. The decreased ReHo brain regions were not found in the IAD group compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: There are abnormalities in regional homogeneity in IAD college students compared with the controls and enhancement of synchronization in most encephalic regions can be found. The results reflect the functional change of brain in IAD college students. The connections between the enhancement of synchronization among cerebellum, brainstem, limbic lobe, frontal lobe and apical lobe may be relative to reward pathways.