Ladderphane copolymers for high-temperature capacitive energy storage.

For capacitive energy storage at elevated temperatures1-4, dielectric polymers are required to integrate low electrical conduction with high thermal conductivity. The coexistence of these seemingly contradictory properties remains a persistent challenge for existing polymers. We describe here a class of ladderphane copolymers exhibiting more than one order of magnitude lower electrical conductivity than the existing polymers at high electric fields and elevated temperatures. Consequently, the ladderphane copolymer possesses a discharged energy density of 5.34 J cm-3 with a charge-discharge efficiency of 90% at 200 °C, outperforming the existing dielectric polymers and composites. The ladderphane copolymers self-assemble into highly ordered arrays by π-π stacking interactions5,6, thus giving rise to an intrinsic through-plane thermal conductivity of 1.96 ± 0.06 W m-1 K-1. The high thermal conductivity of the copolymer film permits efficient Joule heat dissipation and, accordingly, excellent cyclic stability at elevated temperatures and high electric fields. The demonstration of the breakdown self-healing ability of the copolymer further suggests the promise of the ladderphane structures for high-energy-density polymer capacitors operating under extreme conditions.

Exclusion of HDAC1/2 complexes by oncogenic nuclear condensates.

Nuclear condensates have been shown to regulate cell fate control, but its role in oncogenic transformation remains largely unknown. Here we show acquisition of oncogenic potential by nuclear condensate remodeling. The proto-oncogene SS18 and its oncogenic fusion SS18-SSX1 can both form condensates, but with drastically different properties and impact on 3D genome architecture. The oncogenic condensates, not wild type ones, readily exclude HDAC1 and 2 complexes, thus, allowing aberrant accumulation of H3K27ac on chromatin loci, leading to oncogenic expression of key target genes. These results provide the first case for condensate remodeling as a transforming event to generate oncogene and such condensates can be targeted for therapy. One sentence summary: Expulsion of HDACs complexes leads to oncogenic transformation.

Risk prediction models for cardiovascular events in hemodialysis patients: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic review of risk prediction models for cardiovascular (CV) events in hemodialysis (HD) patients, and provide a reference for the application and optimization of related prediction models. METHODS: PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched from inception to 1 February 2023. Two authors independently conducted the literature search, selection, and screening. The Prediction model Risk Of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) was applied to evaluate the risk of bias and applicability of the included literature. RESULTS: A total of nine studies containing 12 models were included, with performance measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) lying between 0.70 and 0.88. Age, diabetes mellitus (DM), C-reactive protein (CRP), and albumin (ALB) were the most commonly identified predictors of CV events in HD patients. While the included models demonstrated good applicability, there were still certain risks of bias, primarily related to inadequate handling of missing data and transformation of continuous variables, as well as a lack of model performance validation. CONCLUSION: The included models showed good overall predictive performance and can assist healthcare professionals in the early identification of high-risk individuals for CV events in HD patients. In the future, the modeling methods should be improved, or the existing models should undergo external validation to provide better guidance for clinical practice.

Comprehensive review: Effects of climate change and greenhouse gases emission relevance to environmental stress on horticultural crops and management.

Global climate change exerts a significant impact on sustainable horticultural crop production and quality. Rising Global temperatures have compelled the agricultural community to adjust planting and harvesting schedules, often necessitating earlier crop cultivation. Notably, climate change introduces a suite of ominous factors, such as greenhouse gas emissions (CGHs), including elevated temperature, increased carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) ozone depletion (O3), and deforestation, all of which intensify environmental stresses on crops. Consequently, climate change stands poised to adversely affect crop yields and livestock production. Therefore, the primary objective of the review article is to furnish a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted factors influencing horticulture production, encompassing fruits, vegetables, and plantation crops with a particular emphasis on greenhouse gas emissions and environmental stressors such as high temperature, drought, salinity, and emission of CO2. Additionally, this review will explore the implementation of novel horticultural crop varieties and greenhouse technology that can contribute to mitigating the adverse impact of climate change on agricultural crops.

Electrochemiluminescence Immunosensors Based on ECL-RET Triggering between Mn SANE/PEI-Luminol and PtCu/h-MPF for Ultrasensitive Detection of CEA.

In this paper, a novel donor-acceptor pair was creatively proposed based on the principle of electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET): luminol immobilized on polyethyleneimine (PEI)-functionalized manganese-based single-atom nanozymes (Mn SANE/PEI-luminol, donor) and a PtCu-grafted hollow metal polydopamine framework (PtCu/h-MPF, acceptor). A quenched ECL immunosensor was constructed for the ultrasensitive analysis of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Mn SANE, as an efficient novel coreaction accelerator with the outstanding performance of significantly activating H2O2 to produce large amounts of ROS, was further modified by the coreactant PEI, which efficiently immobilized luminol to form a self-enhanced emitter. As a result, the electron transport distance was effectively shortened, the energy loss was reduced, and luminol achieved a high ECL efficiency. More importantly, PtCu-grafted h-MPF (PtCu/h-MPF) was proposed as a novel quencher. The UV-vis spectra of PtCu/h-MPF partially overlap with the ECL spectra of Mn SANE/PEI-luminol, which can effectively trigger the ECL-RET behavior between the donor and the acceptor. The multiple quenching effect on Mn SANE/PEI-luminol was achieved, which significantly improved the sensitivity of the immunosensor. The prepared immunosensor exhibited good linearity in the concentration range of 10-5 to 80 ng/mL. The results indicate that this work provides a new method for the early detection of CEA in clinical diagnosis.

Integrated Analysis of the Transcriptome and Metabolome of Brassica rapa Revealed Regulatory Mechanism under Heat Stress.

Affected by global warming; heat stress is the main limiting factor for crop growth and development. Brassica rapa prefers cool weather, and heat stress has a significant negative impact on its growth, development, and metabolism. Understanding the regulatory patterns of heat-resistant and heat-sensitive varieties under heat stress can help deepen understanding of plant heat tolerance mechanisms. In this study, an integrative analysis of transcriptome and metabolome was performed on the heat-tolerant ('WYM') and heat-sensitive ('AJH') lines of Brassica rapa to reveal the regulatory networks correlated to heat tolerance and to identify key regulatory genes. Heat stress was applied to two Brassica rapa cultivars, and the leaves were analyzed at the transcriptional and metabolic levels. The results suggest that the heat shock protein (HSP) family, plant hormone transduction, chlorophyll degradation, photosynthetic pathway, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism play an outstanding role in the adaptation mechanism of plant heat tolerance. Our discovery lays the foundation for future breeding of horticultural crops for heat resistance.

Anesthesia and surgery-induced elevation of CSF sTREM2 is associated with early cognitive dysfunction after thoracoabdominal aortic dissection surgery.

PURPOSE: Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) concentration is increased in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in early symptomatic phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study investigated whether CSF sTREM2 has a relationship with early cognitive dysfunction following surgery in cardiac surgery patients. METHODS: A total of 82 patients undergoing thoracoabdominal aortic replacement were recruited in this study. Neuropsychological testing battery was conducted before and after surgery. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) was defined as a Z-score > 1.96 on at least 2 different tests or Telephone Interviews for Cognitive Status-Modified (TICS-M) score < 27. The CSF and serum sTREM2, Aß42, T-tau and P-tau were collected and measured by ELISA on day before surgery and postoperative day 3. RESULTS: Patients were classified into POCD (n = 34) and non-POCD (n = 48) groups according to Z-score. Compared to non-POCD group, the levels of CSF sTREM2 (p < 0.001) and serum sTREM2 (p = 0.001) were significantly higher in POCD group on postoperative day 3. The levels of Aß42 (p = 0.005) and Aß42/T-tau ratio (p = 0.036) were significantly lower in POCD group on postoperative day 3. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that higher value of postoperative CSF sTREM2 (odds ratio: 1.06, 95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.11, p = 0.009), age (OR: 1.15, 95%CI: 1.03-1.28, p = 0.014) and POD duration (OR: 2.47, 95%CI: 1.15-5.29, p = 0.02) were the risk factors of POCD. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that anesthesia and surgery-induced elevation of CSF sTREM2 is associated with an increased risk of early cognitive dysfunction following surgery.

Preparation of a pH-responsive controlled-release electrochemical immunosensor based on polydopamine encapsulation for ultrasensitive detection of alpha-fetoprotein.

To accomplish ultra-sensitive detection of alpha-fetoprotein(AFP), a novel electrochemical immunosensor using polydopamine-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (PDA@Fe3O4 NPs) as a smart label and polyaniline (PANI) and Au NPs as substrate materials has been created. The sensor has the following advantages over typical immunoassay technology: (1) The pH reaction causes PDA@Fe3O4 NPs to release Prussian blue (PB) prosoma while also destroying the secondary antibody label and immunological platform and lowering electrode impedance; (2) PB has a highly efficient catalytic effect on H2O2, allowing for the obvious amplification of electrical impulses; (3) PANI was electrodeposited on the electrode surface to avoid PB loss and signal leakage, which effectively absorbed and fixed PB while considerably increasing electron transmission efficiency. The sensor's detection limit was 0.254 pg·mL-1 (S/N = 3), with a detection range of 1 pg·mL-1 to 100 ng·mL-1. The sensor has a high level of selectivity, repeatability, and stability, and it is predicted to be utilized to detect AFP in real-world samples.

Exploring agreement and feasibility between virtual home visits and in-person home visits for peritoneal dialysis patients-a paired study.

INTRODUCTION: Virtual home visits may improve chronic disease management. However, whether they are suitable for peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients has not yet been fully investigated. This study aimed to compare the agreement and acceptance of virtual home visits and in-person home visits in PD patients. METHODS: This was a paired, single center, noninferiority trial. Participants received a virtual home visit and an in-person home visit simultaneously. A home visit checklist was built for standardization visits. The content was divided into three parts: domestic habits (57 items), bag exchange procedures (56 items), and exit site care (53 items). Satisfaction questionnaires for both patients and nurses were designed to assess attitudes toward home visits and socioeconomic effects. RESULTS: A total of 30 PD patients were enrolled in a single center. The information collected from virtual home visits and in-person home visits was found to be highly consistent. The perfect agreement was found in 52/57, 49/56, and 44/53 items (Cohen's kappa 0.81-1.00), substantial agreement in 4/57, 7/56, and 8/53 items (Cohen's kappa 0.61-0.80). Patients reported almost identical satisfaction for virtual home visits and in-person home visits (Z = 0.39, p = 0.70). PD nurses reported similar feasibility and patient cooperation for the two visit types (Z = 0.99, p = 0.33; Z = 1.65, p = 0.10, respectively). In addition, virtual home visits were found to be more cost-effective than in-person home visits. CONCLUSIONS: Virtual home visits information collection was similar to in-person home visits in PD. There were no differences in participant satisfaction and feasibility between the two visit types.

Physiological and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Responses and Difference to High Temperature and Humidity Stress in Two Melon Genotypes.

Due to the frequent occurrence of continuous high temperatures and heavy rain in summer, extremely high-temperature and high-humidity environments occur, which seriously harms crop growth. High temperature and humidity (HTH) stress have become the main environmental factors of combined stress in summer. The responses of morphological indexes, physiological and biochemical indexes, gas exchange parameters, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured and combined with chloroplast ultrastructure and transcriptome sequencing to analyze the reasons for the difference in tolerance to HTH stress in HTH-sensitive 'JIN TAI LANG' and HTH-tolerant 'JIN DI' varieties. The results showed that with the extension of stress time, the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities of the two melon varieties increased rapidly, the leaf water content increased, and the tolerant varieties showed stronger antioxidant capacity. Among the sensitive cultivars, Pn, Fv/Fm, photosystem II, and photosystem I chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were severely inhibited and decreased rapidly with the extension of stress time, while the HTH-tolerant cultivars slightly decreased. The cell membrane and chloroplast damage in sensitive cultivars were more severe, and Lhca1, Lhca3, and Lhca4 proteins in photosystem II and Lhcb1-Lhcb6 proteins in photosystem I were inhibited compared with those in the tolerant cultivar. These conclusions may be the main reason for the different tolerances of the two cultivars. These findings will provide new insights into the response of other crops to HTH stress and also provide a basis for future research on the mechanism of HTH resistance in melon.

Physiological and Transcriptomic Analyses Uncover the Reason for the Inhibition of Photosynthesis by Phosphate Deficiency in Cucumis melo L.

Phosphate (Pi) deficiency is a common phenomenon in agricultural production and limits plant growth. Recent work showed that long-term Pi deficiency caused the inhibition of photosynthesis and inefficient electron transport. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. In this study, we used the physiological, histochemical, and transcriptomic methods to investigate the effect of low-Pi stress on photosynthetic gas exchange parameters, cell membrane lipid, chloroplast ultrastructure, and transcriptional regulation of key genes in melon seedlings. The results showed that Pi deficiency significantly downregulated the expression of aquaporin genes, induced an increase in ABA levels, and reduced the water content and free water content of melon leaves, which caused physiological drought in melon leaves. Therefore, gas exchange was disturbed. Pi deficiency also reduced the phospholipid contents in leaf cell membranes, caused the peroxidation of membrane lipids, and destroyed the ultrastructure of chloroplasts. The transcriptomic analysis showed that 822 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were upregulated and 1254 downregulated by Pi deficiency in leaves. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that DEGs significantly enriched in chloroplast thylakoid membrane composition (GO:0009535), photosynthesis-antenna proteins (map00196), and photosynthesis pathways (map00195) were downregulated by Pi deficiency. It indicated that Pi deficiency regulated photosynthesis-related genes at the transcriptional level, thereby affecting the histochemical properties and physiological functions, and consequently causing the reduced light assimilation ability and photosynthesis efficiency. It enriches the mechanism of photosynthesis inhibition by Pi deficiency.

L-Type Ligand-Assisted Acid-Free Synthesis of CsPbBr3 Nanocrystals with Near-Unity Photoluminescence Quantum Yield and High Stability.

X-type ligands, for example, the pair of oleylamine (OAm) and oleic acid (OA), have been widely used to prepare CsPbX3 nanocrystals (NCs). However, the proton exchange between coordinated OAm and OA may induce the detachment of ligands, resulting in poor performance after cleaning or long-time storage. Herein, density functional theory calculations predict that primary amines (L-type ligands) can stabilize a PbBr x-rich surface and yield a trap-free material with fully delocalized valence band maximum and conduction band minimum states, which can significantly improve the photophysical properties and stability of CsPbBr3 NCs. Along this prediction, a room-temperature reprecipitation method using L-type ligands (OAm, n-octylamine, or undecylamine) as the sole capping ligand has been developed to synthesize high-quality CsPbBr3 NCs with near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield and dramatically improved stability against purification and water treatment. The enhancement can be attributed to the strong binding of unprotonated amines to lead atoms and the effective surface passivation provided by the resulted PbBr x-rich surface, which are highly consistent with the theoretical predictions. This work not only offers an approach to synthesize high-quality perovskite NCs but also provides an in-depth understanding of the surface modification of CsPbX3 NCs for practical applications.

Selective Adsorption-Based Separation of Flue Gas and Natural Gas in Zirconium Metal-Organic Frameworks Nanocrystals.

Carbon capture from flue gas and natural gas offers a green path to construct a net-zero emissions economic system. Selective adsorption-based gas separation by employing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is regarded as a promising technology due to the advantages of simple processing, easy regeneration and high efficiency. We synthesized two Zirconium MOFs (UiO-66 and UiO-66-NH2) nanocrystals for selective capture and further removal of CO2 from flue gas and natural gas. In particular, UiO-66-NH2 nanocrystals have a smaller grain size, a large amount of defects, and pending -NH2 groups inside their pores which display effective CO2 selective adsorption abilities over CH4 and N2 with the theoretical separation factors of 20 and 7. This breakthrough experiment further verified the selective adsorption-based separation process of natural gas and flue gas. In one further step, we used the Monte Carlo simulation to investigate the optimized adsorption sites and energy of CO2, N2 and CH4 molecules in the gas mixture. The significantly large adsorption energy of CO2 (0.32 eV) over N2 (0.19 eV) and N2 (0.2 eV) may help us to reveal the selective adsorption mechanism.

[Mutation analysis of seven patients with Waardenburg syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To perform genetic analysis for 7 patients with Waardenburg syndrome. METHODS: Potential mutation of MITF, PAX3, SOX10 and SNAI2 genes was screened by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. Functions of non-synonymous polymorphisms were predicted with PolyPhen2 software. RESULTS: Seven mutations, including c.649-651delAGA (p.R217del), c.72delG (p.G24fs), c.185T>C (p.M62T), c.118C>T (p.Q40X), c.422T>C (p.L141P), c.640C>T (p.R214X) and c.28G>T(p.G43V), were detected in the patients. Among these, four mutations of the PAX3 gene (c.72delG, c.185T>C, c.118C>T and c.128G>T) and one SOX10 gene mutation (c.422T>C) were not reported previously. Three non-synonymous SNPs (c.185T>C, c.128G>T and c.422T>C) were predicted as harmful. CONCLUSION: Genetic mutations have been detected in all patients with Waardenburg syndrome.

[Identification of novel common mutations among patients with non-syndromic hearing loss with high-throughput gene capture technology].

OBJECTIVE: To identify novel common mutations among patients with non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL). METHODS: High-throughput gene capture technology was used to analyze 18 patients with NSHL in whom common mutations of deafness genes including GJB2, SLC26A4, GJB3, and mtDNA were excluded. Suspected mutation was verified with Sanger sequencing. RESULTS: Next generation sequencing has identified 62 mutations in 29 genes associated with hearing loss, which included 54 missense mutations, 4 splicing mutations, 3 deletional mutations, and 1 nonsense mutation. Mutations occurring more than twice in the 18 patients were verified by Sanger sequencing. This has confirmed 15 mutations in 8 genes, including 3 missense mutations (p.C2184G, p.L2825P, p.H1888Y) which have not been reported previously. Meanwhile, p.L445W, p.D866N, and IVS919-2A>G were common causative mutations. CONCLUSION: A number of common causative mutations, e.g., p.L445W, p.D866N, IVS919-2A>G, have been identified by high-throughput capture technology, which may facilitate the research and genetic diagnosis for hearing loss.

Application-Driven High-Thermal-Conductivity Polymer Nanocomposites.

Polymer nanocomposites combine the merits of polymer matrices and the unusual effects of nanoscale reinforcements and have been recognized as important members of the material family. Being a fundamental material property, thermal conductivity directly affects the molding and processing of materials as well as the design and performance of devices and systems. Polymer nanocomposites have been used in numerous industrial fields; thus, high demands are placed on the thermal conductivity feature of polymer nanocomposites. In this Perspective, we first provide roadmaps for the development of polymer nanocomposites with isotropic, in-plane, and through-plane high thermal conductivities, demonstrating the great effect of nanoscale reinforcements on thermal conductivity enhancement of polymer nanocomposites. Then the significance of the thermal conductivity of polymer nanocomposites in different application fields, including wearable electronics, thermal interface materials, battery thermal management, dielectric capacitors, electrical equipment, solar thermal energy storage, biomedical applications, carbon dioxide capture, and radiative cooling, are highlighted. In future research, we should continue to focus on methods that can further improve the thermal conductivity of polymer nanocomposites. On the other hand, we should pay more attention to the synergistic improvement of the thermal conductivity and other properties of polymer nanocomposites. Emerging polymer nanocomposites with high thermal conductivity should be based on application-oriented research.

On-Demand Preparation of Boron Nitride Nanosheets for Functional Nanocomposites.

Boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) have garnered significant attention across diverse fields; however, accomplishing on-demand, large-scale, and highly efficient preparation of BNNSs remains a challenge. Here, an on-demand preparation (OdP) method combining high-pressure homogenization and short-time ultrasonication is presented; it enables a highly efficient and controllable preparation of BNNSs from bulk hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). The homogenization pressure and number of cycles are adjusted, and the production efficiency and yield of BNNSs reach 0.95 g g-1 h-1 and 82.8%, respectively, which significantly exceed those attained by using existing methods. The universality of the OdP method is demonstrated on h-BN raw materials of various bulk sizes from various producers. Furthermore, this method allows the preparation of BNNSs having specific sizes based on the final requirements. Both simulation and experimental results indicate that large BNNSs are particularly suitable for enhancing the thermal conductivity and electrical insulation properties of dielectric polymer nanocomposites. Interestingly, the small BNNS-filled photonic nanocomposite films fabricated via the OdP method exhibit superior daytime radiative cooling properties. Additionally, the OdP method offers the benefits of low energy consumption and reduced greenhouse gas emissions and fossil energy use. These findings underscore the unique advantages of the OdP method over other techniques for a high-efficiency and controllable preparation of large BNNSs.

Modulating plant-soil microcosm with green synthesized ZnONPs in arsenic contaminated soil.

Biogenic nanoparticle (NP), derived from plant sources, is gaining prominence as a viable, cost-effective, sustainable, and biocompatible alternative for mitigating the extensive environmental impact of arsenic on the interplay between plant-soil system. Herein, the impact of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) was assessed on Catharanthus roseus root system-associated enzymes and their possible impact on microbiome niches (rhizocompartments) and overall plant performance under arsenic (As) gradients. The application of ZnONPs at different concentrations successfully modified the arsenic uptake in various plant parts, with the root arsenic levels increasing 1.5 and 1.4-fold after 25 and 50 days, respectively, at medium concentration compared to the control. Moreover, ZnONPs gradients regulated the various soil enzyme activities. Notably, urease and catalase activities showed an increase when exposed to low concentrations of ZnONPs, whereas saccharase and acid phosphatase displayed the opposite pattern, showing increased activities under medium concentration which possibly in turn influence the plant root system associated microflora. The use of nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination revealed a significant differentiation (with a significance level of p < 0.05) in the structure of both bacterial and fungal communities under different treatment conditions across root associated niches. Bacterial and fungal phyla level analysis showed that Proteobacteria and Basidiomycota displayed a significant increase in relative abundance under medium ZnONPs concentration, as opposed to low and high concentrations, respectively. Similarly, in depth genera level analysis revealed that Burkholderia, Halomonas, Thelephora and Sebacina exhibited a notably high relative abundance in both the rhizosphere and rhizoplane (the former refers to the soil region influenced by root exudates, while the latter is the root surface itself) under medium concentrations of ZnONPs, respectively. These adjustments to the plant root-associated microcosm likely play a role in protecting the plant from oxidative stress by regulating the plant's antioxidant system and overall biomass.

Engineering a Dynamic Solvent-Phobic Liquid Electrolyte Interphase for Long-Life Lithium Metal Batteries.

The heterogeneity, species diversity, and poor mechanical stability of solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) in conventional carbonate electrolytes result in the irreversible exhaustion of lithium (Li) and electrolytes during cycling, hindering the practical applications of Li metal batteries (LMBs). Herein, this work proposes a solvent-phobic dynamic liquid electrolyte interphase (DLEI) on a Li metal (Li-PFbTHF (perfluoro-butyltetrahydrofuran)) surface that selectively transports salt and induces salt-derived SEI formation. The solvent-phobic DLEI with C-F-rich groups dramatically reduces the side reactions between Li, carbonate solvents, and humid air, forming a LiF/Li3PO4-rich SEI. In situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Ab-initio molecular dynamics demonstrate that DLEI effectively stabilizes the interface between Li metal and the carbonate electrolyte. Specifically, the LiFePO4||Li-PFbTHF cells deliver 80.4% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 1.0 C, excellent rate capacity (108.2 mAh g-1 at 5.0 C), and 90.2% capacity retention after 550 cycles at 1.0 C in full-cells (negative/positive (N/P) ratio of 8) with high LiFePO4 loadings (15.6 mg cm-2) in carbonate electrolyte. In addition, the 0.55 Ah pouch cell of 252.0 Wh kg-1 delivers stable cycling. Hence, this study provides an effective strategy for controlling salt-derived SEI to improve the cycling performances of carbonate-based LMBs.

An HPLC method for microanalysis and pharmacokinetics of marine sulfated polysaccharide PSS-loaded poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles in rat plasma.

This study was aimed at developing a sensitive and selective HPLC method with postcolumn fluorescence derivatization for the detection of propylene glycol alginate sodium sulfate (PSS) in rat plasma. Plasma samples were prepared by a simple and fast ultrafiltration method. PSS was extracted from rat plasma with D-glucuronic acid as internal standard. Isocratic chromatographic separation was performed on a TSKgel G2500 PWxL column with the mobile phase of 0.1 M sodium sulfate at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. Analyte detection was achieved by fluorescence detection (FLD) at 250 nm (excitation) and 435 nm (emission) using guanidine hydrochloride as postcolumn derivatizing reagent in an alkaline medium at 120 °C. The calibration curve was linear over a concentration range of 1-500 µg/mL, and the lower limit of detection (LLOD) was found to be 250 ng/mL. This validated method was applied successfully to the pharmacokinetic study of PSS and PSS-loaded poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (PSS-NP) in rat plasma after a single intravenous (PSS only) and oral administration (PSS and PSS-NP). Significant differences in the main pharmacokinetic parameters of PSS and PSS-NP were observed. The relative bioavailability of PSS-NP was 190.10% compared with PSS which shows that PSS-NP can improve oral bioavailability.