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1.
Molecules ; 28(18)2023 Sep 21.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37764520

RESUMEN

The functional pool of canonical amino acids (cAAs) has been enriched through the emergence of non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs). NcAAs play a crucial role in the production of various pharmaceuticals. The biosynthesis of ncAAs has emerged as an alternative to traditional chemical synthesis due to its environmental friendliness and high efficiency. The breakthrough genetic code expansion (GCE) technique developed in recent years has allowed the incorporation of ncAAs into target proteins, giving them special functions and biological activities. The biosynthesis of ncAAs and their incorporation into target proteins within a single microbe has become an enticing application of such molecules. Based on that, in this study, we first review the biosynthesis methods for ncAAs and analyze the difficulties related to biosynthesis. We then summarize the GCE methods and analyze their advantages and disadvantages. Further, we review the application progress of ncAAs and anticipate the challenges and future development directions of ncAAs.


Asunto(s)
Aminoácidos , Antifibrinolíticos , Código Genético
2.
Environ Sci Technol ; 56(12): 7412-7425, 2022 06 21.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35638921

RESUMEN

Traditional composting is a well-suited biotechnology for on-farm management of livestock manure (LM) but still leads to the release of toxic micropollutants and imbalance of nutrients. One in situ exoenzyme-assisted composting has shown promise to ameliorate the agronomical quality of end products by improving humification and polymerization. The naturally occurring extracellular laccase from microorganisms belongs to a multicopper phenoloxidase, which is verified for its versatility to tackle micropollutants and conserve organics through the reactive radical-enabled decomposition and polymerization channels. Laccase possesses an indispensable relationship with humus formation during LM composting, but its potential applications for the harmless disposal and resource utilization of LM have until now been overlooked. Herein, we review the extracellular laccase-aided humification mechanism and its optimizing strategy to maintain enzyme activity and in situ production, highlighting the critical roles of laccase in treating micropollutants and preserving organics during LM composting. Particularly, the functional effects of the formed humification products by laccase-amended composting on plant growth are also discussed. Finally, the future perspectives and outstanding questions are summarized. This critical review provides fundamental insights into laccase-boosted humification that ameliorates the quality of end products in LM composting, which is beneficial to guide and advance the practical applications of exoenzyme in humification remediation, the carbon cycle, and agriculture protection.


Asunto(s)
Compostaje , Animales , Sustancias Húmicas/análisis , Lacasa , Ganado , Estiércol , Suelo
3.
J Cell Physiol ; 236(4): 2934-2949, 2021 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33037615

RESUMEN

Transient receptor potential melastatin member 8 (TRPM8), a Ca2+ -permeable nonselective cation channel activated by cold and cooling agents, mediates allodynia. Dysfunction or abnormal expression of TRPM8 has been found in several human cancers. The role of ubiquitination in the regulation of TRPM8 function remains poorly understood. Here, we identified the ubiquitin (Ub)-ligase E3, tripartite motif-containing 4 (TRIM4), as a novel interaction partner of TRPM8 and confirmed that the TRIM4-TRPM8 interaction was mediated through the SPRY domain of TRIM4. Patch-clamp assays showed that TRIM4 negatively regulates TRPM8-mediated currents in HEK293 cells. Moreover, TRIM4 reduced the expression of TRPM8 on the cell surface by promoting the K63-linked ubiquitination of TRPM8. Further analyses revealed that the TRPM8 N-terminal lysine residue at 423 was the major ubiquitination site that mediates its functional regulation by TRIM4. A Ub-activating enzyme E1, Ub-like modifier-activating enzyme 1 (UBA1), was also found to interact with TRPM8, thereby regulating its channel function and ubiquitination. In addition, knockdown of UBA1 impaired the regulation of TRPM8 ubiquitination and function by TRIM4. Thus, this study demonstrates that TRIM4 downregulates TRPM8 via K423-mediated TRPM8 ubiquitination and requires UBA1 to regulate TRPM8.


Asunto(s)
Lisina/metabolismo , Canales Catiónicos TRPM/metabolismo , Proteínas de Motivos Tripartitos/metabolismo , Ubiquitinación , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Células MCF-7 , Unión Proteica , Dominios Proteicos , Ratas , Eliminación de Secuencia , Proteínas de Motivos Tripartitos/química , Enzimas Activadoras de Ubiquitina/química , Enzimas Activadoras de Ubiquitina/metabolismo
4.
Environ Microbiol ; 23(5): 2550-2563, 2021 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33754450

RESUMEN

Novosphingobium sp. ES2-1 is an efficient 17ß-estradiol (E2)-degrading bacterium, which can convert E2 to estrone (E1), then to 4-hydroxyestrone (4-OH-E1) for subsequent oxidative cracking. In this study, the molecular bases for this process were elucidated. Two novel monooxygenase systems EstP and EstO were shown to catalyse the oxygenation of E1 and 4-OH-E1, respectively. EstP was a three-component cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system consisting of EstP1 (P450 monooxygenase), EstP2 (ferredoxin) and EstP3 (ferredoxin reductase). Ultraperformance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS) analysis revealed that EstP catalysed the 4-hydroxylation of E1 to produce 4-OH-E1. The resultant 4-OH-E1 was further oxidized by a two-component monooxygenase system EstO consisting of EstO1 (flavin-dependent monooxygenases) and EstO2 (flavin reductase). UPLC-HRMS combined with 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance analysis demonstrated that EstO catalysed the breakage of C9-C10 to yield a ring B-cleavage product. In addition, the oxygenase component genes estP1 and estO1 exhibited contrary inductive behaviours when exposed to different steroids, suggesting that EstP1-mediated 4-hydroxylation was E2-specific, whereas EstO1-mediated monooxygenation might be involved in the degradation of testosterone, androstenedione, progesterone and pregnenolone. This also implied that the mechanisms of the catabolism of different steroids by the same microorganism might be partially interlinked.


Asunto(s)
Estradiol , Sphingomonadaceae , Sistema Enzimático del Citocromo P-450 , Estrógenos , Estrona , Sphingomonadaceae/genética
5.
Crit Rev Biotechnol ; 41(7): 969-993, 2021 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33818232

RESUMEN

This is the first comprehensive overview of laccase-triggered anabolism from fundamental theory to biotechnology applications. Laccase is a typical biological oxidordeuctase that induces the one-electronic transfer of diverse substrates for engendering four phenoxy radicals with concomitant reduction of O2 into 2H2O. In vivo, laccase can participate in anabolic processes to create multifarious functional biopolymers such as fungal pigments, plant lignins, and insect cuticles, using mono/polyphenols and their derivatives as enzymatic substrates, and is thus conducive to biological tissue morphogenesis and global carbon storage. Exhilaratingly, fungal laccase has high redox potential (E° = 500-800 mV) and thermodynamic efficiency, making it a remarkable candidate for utilization as a versatile catalyst in the green and circular economy. This review elaborates the anabolic mechanisms of laccase in initiating the polymerization of natural phenolic compounds and their derivatives in vivo via radical-based self/cross-coupling. Information is also presented on laccase immobilization engineering that expands the practical application ranges of laccase in biotechnology by improving the enzymatic catalytic activity, stability, and reuse rate. Particularly, advances in biotechnology applications in vitro through fungal laccase-triggered macromolecular biosynthesis may provide a key research direction beneficial to the rational design of green chemistry.


Asunto(s)
Biotecnología , Lacasa , Catálisis , Hongos/metabolismo , Lacasa/metabolismo , Lignina/metabolismo , Oxidación-Reducción
6.
Org Biomol Chem ; 19(24): 5348-5352, 2021 06 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34042936

RESUMEN

An efficient and mild synthetic approach for 2-alkyl-substituted chroman-4-ones via zinc-mediated cascade decarboxylative ß-alkylation and dechlorination of 3-chlorochromones was developed. This transformation employed commercially available starting materials and was performed under mild conditions without heat, visible light, peroxide or heavy metals. Moreover, various alkyl NHPI esters with functional groups and differently substituted 3-chlorochromones were tolerated, affording the targeted products with moderate to excellent yields. This protocol could be utilized to construct a diverse library of 2-substituted chroman-4-one derivatives, which could be useful in the discovery of lead compounds for drug discovery in the future.


Asunto(s)
Cromanos/síntesis química , Cromonas/química , Alquilación , Cromanos/química , Halogenación , Estructura Molecular
7.
Sci Data ; 11(1): 426, 2024 Apr 24.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38658574

RESUMEN

Yellow-cheek carp (Elopichthys bambusa) is a typical large and ferocious carnivorous fish endemic to East Asia, with high growth rate, nutritional value and economic value. In this study, a chromosome-level genome of yellow-cheek carp was generated by combining PacBio reads, Illumina reads and Hi-C data. The genome size is 827.63 Mb with a scaffold N50 size of 33.65 Mb, and 99.51% (823.61 Mb) of the assembled sequences were anchored to 24 pseudo-chromosomes. The genome is predicted to contain 24,153 protein-coding genes, with 95.54% having functional annotations. Repeat elements account for approximately 55.17% of the genomic landscape. The completeness of yellow-cheek carp genome assembly is highlighted by a BUSCO score of 98.4%. This genome will help us understand the genetic diversity of yellow-cheek carp and facilitate its conservation planning.


Asunto(s)
Carpas , Cromosomas , Genoma , Animales , Carpas/genética , Tamaño del Genoma
8.
PNAS Nexus ; 3(4): pgae118, 2024 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38595803

RESUMEN

Enzymatic humification plays a crucial biogeochemical role in eliminating steroidal estrogens and expanding organic carbon stocks. Estrogenic contaminants in agroecosystems can be taken up and acropetally translocated by crops, but the roles of laccase-triggered rhizospheric humification (L-TRH) in pollutant dissipation and plant uptake remain poorly understood. In this study, the laccase-induced decontamination and humification mechanisms of 17ß-estradiol (E2) in water-crop media were investigated by performing greenhouse pot experiments with maize seedlings (Zea mays L.). The results demonstrated that L-TRH effectively dissipated E2 in the rhizosphere solution and achieved the kinetic constants of E2 dissipation at 10 and 50 µM by 8.05 and 2.75 times as much as the treatments without laccase addition, respectively. The copolymerization of E2 and root exudates (i.e. phenols and amino acids) consolidated by L-TRH produced a larger amount of humified precipitates with the richly functional carbon architectures. The growth parameters and photosynthetic pigment levels of maize seedlings were greatly impeded after a 120-h exposure to 50 µM E2, but L-TRH motivated the detoxication process and thus mitigated the phytotoxicity and bioavailability of E2. The tested E2 contents in the maize tissues initially increased sharply with the cultivation time but decreased steadily. Compared with the treatment without laccase addition, the uptake and accumulation of E2 in the maize tissues were obviously diminished by L-TRH. E2 oligomers such as dimer, trimer, and tetramer recognized in the rhizosphere solution were also detected in the root tissues but not in the shoots, demonstrating that the acropetal translocation of E2 oligomers was interrupted. These results highlight a promising strategy for decontaminating estrogenic pollutants, boosting rhizospheric humification, and realizing low-carbon emissions, which would be beneficial for agroenvironmental bioremediation and sustainability.

9.
Zool Res ; 45(3): 491-505, 2024 May 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38682431

RESUMEN

Coilia nasus, a migratory fish species found in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and along offshore areas of China, possesses considerable aquacultural and economic potential. However, the species faces challenges due to significant variation in the gonadal development rate among females, resulting in inconsistent ovarian maturation times at the population level, an extended reproductive period, and limitations on fish growth rate due to ovarian prematurity. In the present study, we combined genome-wide association study (GWAS) and comparative transcriptome analysis to investigate the potential single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and candidate genes associated with population-asynchronous ovarian development in C. nasus. Genotyping of the female population based on whole-genome resequencing yielded 2 120 695 high-quality SNPs, 39 of which were suggestively associated with ovarian development. Of note, a significant SNP peak on LG21 containing 30 suggestively associated SNPs was identified, with cpne5a determined as the causal gene of the peak. Therefore, single-marker and haplotype association analyses were performed on cpne5a, revealing four genetic markers ( P<0.05) and seven haplotypes (r 2>0.9) significantly associated with the phenotype. Comparative transcriptome analysis of precociously and normally maturing individuals screened out 29 and 426 overlapping differentially expressed genes in the brain and ovary, respectively, between individuals of different body sizes. Integrating the GWAS and transcriptome analysis results, this study identified genes and pathways related to hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis hormone secretion, extracellular matrix, angiogenesis, and gap junctions involved in population-asynchronous ovarian development. The insights gained from this study provide a basis for a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying ovarian development in fish and may facilitate the genetic breeding of C. nasus strains exhibiting population-synchronous ovarian development in the future.


Asunto(s)
Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Ovario , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Animales , Femenino , Ovario/crecimiento & desarrollo , Ovario/metabolismo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Transcriptoma , Marcadores Genéticos , Peces/genética , Peces/crecimiento & desarrollo
10.
Bioeng Transl Med ; 9(4): e10656, 2024 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39036094

RESUMEN

Determining the precise course of bacterial infection requires abundant in vivo real-time data. Synchronous monitoring of the bacterial load, temperature, and immune response can satisfy the shortage of real-time in vivo data. Here, we conducted a study in the joint-infected mouse model to synchronously monitor the bacterial load, temperature, and immune response using the second near-infrared (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging, infrared thermography, and immune response analysis for 2 weeks. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was proved successfully labeled with glucose-conjugated quantum dots in vitro and in subcutaneous-infected model. The bacterial load indicated by NIR-II fluorescence imaging underwent a sharp drop at 1 day postinfection. At the same time, the temperature gap detected through infrared thermography synchronously brought by infection reached lowest value. Meanwhile, the flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that immune response including macrophage, neutrophil, B lymphocyte, and T lymphocyte increased to the peak at 1 day postinfection. Moreover, both M1 macrophage and M2 macrophage in the blood have an obvious change at ~ 1 day postinfection, and the change was opposite. In summary, this study not only obtained real-time and long-time in vivo data on the bacterial load, temperature gap, and immune response in the mice model of S. aureus infection, but also found that 1 day postinfection was the key time point during immune response against S. aureus infection. Our study will contribute to synchronously and precisely studying the complicated complex dynamic relationship after bacterial infection at the animal level.

11.
Eco Environ Health ; 2(4): 219-226, 2023 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38435360

RESUMEN

Humification plays a significant role in converting phenolic pollutants and forming heterogeneous polymers, but few studies have been performed to investigate exolaccase-started humification (ESH). Herein, the influences of lignin precursors (LPs) on exolaccase-induced bisphenol A (BPA) removal and humification were explored. In particular, the architectural features and botanical effects of the formed humification products were also tested. ESH was extremely beneficial in boosting BPA removal in the presence of LPs. Compared with LP-free (58.49%), 100% of BPA was eliminated after the reaction with ESH for 72 h. Such a process was controlled by an exolaccase-caused random assembly of radicals, which generated a large number of hydrophobic polymers through nonspecific covalent binding of C-C and/or C-O. These humified polymers were extremely stable at pH 2.0-10.0 and -20 °C to 80 °C and displayed unique functions, i.e., scavenged 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl/2,2'-azino-bis3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid radicals and exerted antioxidant capacities. More importantly, the functional polymers could act as auxin analogs to increase the germination index (>100%), plant biomass, and salt tolerance of radish seedlings. Our findings disclosed that ESH could not only be optimized to mitigate the ecological risks of phenolic pollutants and sequester organic carbon in environmental bioremediation, but the resulting abundant auxin analogs also contributed to agricultural productivity.

12.
J Agric Food Chem ; 71(30): 11386-11395, 2023 Aug 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37470251

RESUMEN

Exolaccase-propelled humification (E-PH) helps eliminate phenolic pollutants and produce macromolecular precipitates. Herein, we investigated the influencing mechanism of 12 humic precursors (HPs) on exolaccase-enabled bisphenol A (BPA) decontamination and humification. Catechol, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, and gentian acid not only expedited BPA removal but also created large amounts of copolymeric precipitates. These precipitates had rich functional groups similar to natural humic substances, which presented great aromatic and acidic characteristics. The releasing amounts of BPA monomer from four precipitates were 0.08-12.87% at pH 2.0-11.0, suggesting that BPA-HP copolymers had pH stability. More excitingly, certain copolymeric precipitates could stimulate the growth and development of radish seedlings. The radish growth-promotion mechanisms of copolymers were involved in two aspects: (1) Copolymers interacted with root exudates to accelerate nutrient uptake; (2) Copolymers released auxins to provoke radish growth. These results may provide an innovative strategy for decontaminating phenolic pollutants and yielding humic-like biostimulants in E-PH.


Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Ambientales , Fenoles , Fenoles/química , Sustancias Húmicas/análisis , Compuestos de Bencidrilo/química , Polímeros
13.
Environ Pollut ; 321: 121155, 2023 Mar 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36709035

RESUMEN

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous endocrine disruptor that poses adverse human health risks. Herein, biotransformation kinetics, products, and mechanisms of BPA undergoing a laccase-producing Trametes hirsuta La-7 metabolism were for the first time reported. Strain La-7 could completely biotransform ≤0.5 mmol·L-1 BPA within 6 d in vivo. Notably, its extracellular crude laccase solution (ECLS) and intracellular homogenized mycelium (HM) only required 6 h to convert 85.71% and 84.24% of 0.5 mmol·L-1 BPA in vitro, respectively. The removal of BPA was noticeably hampered by adding a cytochrome P-450 inhibitor (piperonyl butoxide) in HM, disclosing that cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase participated in BPA oxidation and metabolism. BPA intermediates were elaborately identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) combined with 13C stable isotope ratios (BPA: 13C12-BPA = 0.25: 0.25, molar concentration). Based on the accurate molecular mass, isotope labeling difference, and relative intensity ratio of product peaks, 6 versatile metabolic mechanisms of BPA, including polymerization, hydroxylation, dehydration, bond cleavage, dehydrogenation, and carboxylation in vivo and in vitro, were confirmed. Germination index values revealed that inoculating strain La-7 in a BPA-contaminated medium presented no phytotoxicity to the germinated radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seeds. In vivo, Mg2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, and Mn2+ were conducive to BPA removal, but Cd2+ and Hg2+ significantly obstructed BPA elimination. Additionally, strain La-7 also exhibited high-efficiency metabolic ability toward estrone (E1), 17ß-estradiol (E2), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), with more than 96.13%, 96.65%, and 100% of E1, E2, and EE2 having been converted, respectively. Our findings provide an environmentally powerful laccase-producing fungus to decontaminate endocrine disruptor-contaminated water matrices by radical polymerization and oxidative decomposition.


Asunto(s)
Disruptores Endocrinos , Lacasa , Humanos , Lacasa/metabolismo , Trametes/metabolismo , Disruptores Endocrinos/toxicidad , Disruptores Endocrinos/metabolismo , Compuestos de Bencidrilo/toxicidad , Compuestos de Bencidrilo/metabolismo , Biotransformación
14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36767373

RESUMEN

Rice-duck and rice-crayfish co-culture patterns can increase soil productivity and sustainability and reduce the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers, thereby reducing the resulting negative environmental impacts. However, most studies have focused on the rice-duck and rice-crayfish binary patterns and have ignored integrated systems (three or more), which may have unexpected synergistic effects. To test these effects, a paddy field experiment was carried out in the Chaohu Lake Basin, Hefei city, Southeast China. Four groups, including a rice-duck-crayfish ecological co-culture system (RDC), idle field (CK), single-season rice planting system (SSR), and double-season rice planting system (DSR), were established in this study. The results showed that the RDC improved the soil physical properties, fertility, humus content, and enzyme activity. In the RDC system, the soil total nitrogen content ranged from 8.54% to 28.37% higher than other systems in the 0-10 cm soil layer. Similar increases were found for soil total phosphorus (8.22-30.53%), available nitrogen (6.93-22.72%), organic matter (18.24-41.54%), urease activity (16.67-71.51%), and acid phosphatase activity (23.41-66.20%). Relative to the SSR treatment, the RDC treatment reduced the total losses of nitrogen and phosphorus runoff by 24.30% and 10.29%, respectively. The RDC also did not cause any harm to the soil in terms of heavy metal pollution. Furthermore, the RDC improved the yield and quality of rice, farmer incomes, and eco-environmental profits. In general, the RDC can serve as a valuable method for the management of agricultural nonpoint-source pollution in the Chaohu Lake area and the revitalization of the countryside.


Asunto(s)
Oryza , Suelo , Animales , Suelo/química , Patos , Astacoidea , Técnicas de Cocultivo , Agricultura/métodos , Fósforo/análisis , China , Fertilizantes , Nitrógeno/análisis
15.
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol ; 149(12): 9705-9720, 2023 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37233762

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: This study aims to elucidate the mechanism underlying temozolomide resistance in patients with MGMT promoter hypomethylated glioblastoma, which is correlated with poor prognosis. The objective is to identify therapeutic targets and drugs suitable for temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma patients using big data analysis. METHODS: In this retrospective study, transcriptome sequencing data from 457 glioblastoma patients, multi-omics data, and single-cell sequencing data were employed to assess the expression pattern, prognostic value, and biological functions of AHR in glioblastoma. The HERB database was utilized to screen for AHR-targeted drugs for glioblastoma treatment. Validation of our findings was conducted using multiplex immunofluorescence staining of clinical samples and T cells and tumor cells co-culture models. RESULTS: Our findings demonstrated that patients with MGMT promoter unmethylation did not benefit from postoperative temozolomide chemotherapy due to resistance arising from DNA repair function and tumor immune response. AHR was found to be expressed in immune cells and exhibited an immunomodulatory role in glioblastoma with MGMT promoter unmethylation. AHR was identified as a potential novel inhibitory immune checkpoint receptor, serving as a therapeutic target for temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma. Furthermore, targeting AHR with Semen aesculi markedly enhanced the cytotoxic effect of T cells on glioma cells. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to DNA repair function, the tumor immune response plays a pivotal role in temozolomide resistance of glioblastoma. Herbal compounds targeting AHR may offer an effective treatment for temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Encefálicas , Glioblastoma , Humanos , Glioblastoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Glioblastoma/genética , Glioblastoma/patología , Temozolomida , Antineoplásicos Alquilantes , Estudios Retrospectivos , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/metabolismo , Enzimas Reparadoras del ADN/genética , Enzimas Reparadoras del ADN/metabolismo , Metilasas de Modificación del ADN/genética , Metilasas de Modificación del ADN/metabolismo , Neoplasias Encefálicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patología , Metilación de ADN
16.
Nanoscale ; 15(17): 7991-8005, 2023 May 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37067249

RESUMEN

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) show potential as a therapeutic tool for peripheral nerve injury (PNI), promoting neurological regeneration. However, there are limited data on the in vivo spatio-temporal trafficking and biodistribution of EVs. In this study, we introduce a new non-invasive near-infrared fluorescence imaging strategy based on glucose-conjugated quantum dot (QDs-Glu) labeling to target and track EVs in a sciatic nerve injury rat model in real-time. Our results demonstrate that the injected EVs migrated from the uninjured site to the injured site of the nerve, with an increase in fluorescence signals detected from 4 to 7 days post-injection, indicating the release of contents from the EVs with therapeutic effects. Immunofluorescence and behavioral tests revealed that the EV therapy promoted nerve regeneration and functional recovery at 28 days post-injection. We also found a relationship between functional recovery and the NIR-II fluorescence intensity change pattern, providing novel evidence for the therapeutic effects of EV therapy using real-time NIR-II imaging at the live animal level. This approach initiates a new path for monitoring EVs in treating PNI under in vivo NIR-II imaging, enhancing our understanding of the efficacy of EV therapy on peripheral nerve regeneration and its mechanisms.


Asunto(s)
Vesículas Extracelulares , Traumatismos de los Nervios Periféricos , Ratas , Animales , Distribución Tisular , Vesículas Extracelulares/metabolismo , Traumatismos de los Nervios Periféricos/diagnóstico por imagen , Traumatismos de los Nervios Periféricos/terapia , Imagen Óptica , Regeneración Nerviosa
17.
Chemosphere ; 290: 133356, 2022 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34929277

RESUMEN

Humic constituents (HCs) are ubiquitous in the aquatic ecosystems, and contain various functional groups that seriously impact the conversion of 17ß-estradiol (17ß-E2) by fungal laccase. The purpose of this study was to explore the influencing mechanism of HCs on Trametes versicolor laccase-enabled 17ß-E2 oxidation and oligomerization. Herein, T. versicolor-secreted laccase could rapidly convert 99.2% of 17ß-E2 (rate constant = 3.7 × 10-2 min-1, half-life = 18.7 min) into multifarious oligomers at 25 °C and pH 5.0, by phenolic radical-caused C-C and/or C-O self-linking routes, whereas HCs with O-phenolic hydroxyl groups (O-p-OH, i.e., catechol, pyrogallol, gallic acid, and caffeic acid) dramatically suppressed 17ß-E2 oligomerization. Compared with HC-free, 17ß-E2 rate constants weakened 6.3-15.8 fold in the presence of HCs containing O-p-OH. It is largely because the O-p-OH was preferentially oxidized by T. versicolor laccase to create the electrophilic O-quinone monomers/oligomers. These unstable reactive O-quinone intermediates strongly reversed 17ß-E2 phenolic radicals to their monomeric molecules via two proton-transfer versus two electron-transfer channels, thus intercepting 17ß-E2 oxidation and oligomerization. These findings highlight new insights into the effect of HCs containing O-p-OH on T. versicolor laccase-started 17ß-E2 conversion, which is beneficial to re-understanding the fate and geochemical behavior of 17ß-E2 in water.


Asunto(s)
Lacasa , Trametes , Ecosistema , Estradiol , Sustancias Húmicas/análisis
18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36554891

RESUMEN

Complex bacteria communities that comprised Brevibacillus sp. (M1) and Achromobacter sp. (M2) with effective abilities of degrading decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) were investigated for their degradation characteristics and mechanisms under aerobic conditions. The experimental results indicated that 88.4% of 10 mg L-1 BDE-209 could be degraded after incubation for 120 h under the optimum conditions of pH 7.0, 30 °C and 15% of the inoculation volume, and the addition ratio of two bacterial suspensions was 1:1. Based on the identification of BDE-209 degradation products via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, the biodegradation pathway of BDE-209 was proposed. The debromination, hydroxylation, deprotonation, breakage of ether bonds and ring-opening processes were included in the degradation process. Furthermore, intracellular enzymes had the greatest contribution to BDE-209 biodegradation, and the inhibition of piperyl butoxide (PB) for BDE-209 degradation revealed that the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme was likely the key enzyme during BDE-209 degradation by bacteria M (1+2). Our study provided alternative ideas for the microbial degradation of BDE-209 by aerobic complex bacteria communities in a water system.


Asunto(s)
Bacterias , Éteres Difenilos Halogenados , Biodegradación Ambiental , Bacterias/metabolismo , Hidroxilación
19.
iScience ; 25(9): 104885, 2022 Sep 16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36039291

RESUMEN

Globally, phenolic contaminants have posed a considerable threat to agro-ecosystems. Exolaccase-boosted humification may be an admirable strategy for phenolic detoxification by creating multifunctional humic-like products (H-LPs). Nonetheless, the potential applicability of the formed H-LPs in agricultural production is still overlooked. This review describes immobilized exolaccase-enabled humification in eliminating phenolic pollutants and producing artificial H-LPs. The similarities and differences between artificial H-LPs and natural humic substances (HSs) in chemical properties are compared. In particular, the agronomic effects of these reproducible artificial H-LPs are highlighted. On the basis of the above summary, the granulation process is employed to prepare granular humic-like organic fertilizers, which can be applied to field crops by mechanical side-deep fertilization. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of exolaccase-boosted humification for practical applications are also discussed. This review is a first step toward a more profound understanding of phenolic detoxification, soil improvement, and agricultural production by exolaccase-boosted humification.

20.
Sci Total Environ ; 802: 150005, 2022 Jan 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34525729

RESUMEN

Humification processes of phenolic pollutants may play a profound role in environment purification and plant growth. However, little literature is performed to explore exoenzyme-driven humification to polymerize 17ß-estradiol (E2) and humic constituents (HCs), and the effects of their polymeric precipitates on plant growth are usually overlooked. Herein, E2 conversion and radish (Raphanus sativus L.) growth were systematically investigated under humification mediated by extracellular laccase (EL) of Trametes versicolor. Results disclosed that EL-assisted humification achieved a wonderful E2 conversion efficiency (>99%) within 2-h, but the presence of HCs such as humic acid (HA), vanillic acid (VA), and ferulic acid (FA) impeded E2 elimination significantly. Compared with HC-free, the kinetics constants declined by 2.84-, 5.72-, and 5.22-fold with HA, VA, and FA present, respectively. Intriguingly, three close-knit self/cross-linked precipitates (i.e., E2-HA, E2-VA, and E2-FA hybrid precipitates) in dark gray, dark brown, and deep yellow were created after a continuous humification by phenolic radical-initiated polymerization mechanisms. The formation of these humified precipitates was extremely effective on circumventing phytotoxicity caused by monomeric E2, VA, or FA. Furthermore, they acted as humic-like organic fertilizers, accelerating seed germination, root elongation, and enhancing NaCl-tolerance of radish through the combination of oxygen-contained functional components and auxin structural analogues with unstable and stubborn carbon skeletons. This is the first study reporting the pollution purification and plant growth promotion in EL-activated humification. Our findings frame valuable perspectives regarding the natural detoxification and carbon sequestration of phenolic pollutants and the application of their polymeric precipitates in global crop production.


Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Ambientales , Lacasa , Sustancias Húmicas/análisis , Polyporaceae , Trametes
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