Defining a de novo non-RBM antibody as RBD-8 and its synergistic rescue of immune-evaded antibodies to neutralize Omicron SARS-CoV-2.

Currently, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) targeting the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) of spike (S) protein are classified into seven classes based on their binding epitopes. However, most of these antibodies are seriously impaired by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and its subvariants, especially the recent BQ.1.1, XBB and its derivatives. Identification of broadly neutralizing MAbs against currently circulating variants is imperative. In this study, we identified a "breathing" cryptic epitope in the S protein, named as RBD-8. Two human MAbs, BIOLS56 and IMCAS74, were isolated recognizing this epitope with broad neutralization abilities against tested sarbecoviruses, including SARS-CoV, pangolin-origin coronaviruses, and all the SARS-CoV-2 variants tested (Omicron BA.4/BA.5, BQ.1.1, and XBB subvariants). Searching through the literature, some more RBD-8 MAbs were defined. More importantly, BIOLS56 rescues the immune-evaded antibody, RBD-5 MAb IMCAS-L4.65, by making a bispecific MAb, to neutralize BQ.1 and BQ.1.1, thereby producing an MAb to cover all the currently circulating Omicron subvariants. Structural analysis reveals that the neutralization effect of RBD-8 antibodies depends on the extent of epitope exposure, which is affected by the angle of antibody binding and the number of up-RBDs induced by angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 binding. This cryptic epitope which recognizes non- receptor binding motif (non-RBM) provides guidance for the development of universal therapeutic antibodies and vaccines against COVID-19.

Metal-organic framework heterojunctions for photocatalysis.

Heterojunctions combining two photocatalysts of staggered conduction and valence band energy levels can increase the photocatalytic efficiency compared to their individual components. This activity enhancement is due to the minimization of undesirable charge recombination by the occurrence of carrier migration through the heterojunction interface with separated electrons and holes on the reducing and oxidizing junction component, respectively. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are currently among the most researched photocatalysts due to their tunable light absorption, facile charge separation, large surface area and porosity. The present review summarizes the current state-of-the-art in MOF-based heterojunctions, providing critical comments on the construction of these heterostructures. Besides including examples showing the better performance of MOF heterojunctions for three important photocatalytic processes, such as hydrogen evolution reaction, CO2 photoreduction and dye decolorization, the focus of this review is on describing synthetic procedures to form heterojunctions with MOFs and on discussing the experimental techniques that provide evidence for the operation of charge migration between the MOF and the other component. Special attention has been paid to the design of rational MOF heterojunctions with small particle size and controlled morphology for an appropriate interfacial contact. The final section summarizes the achievements of the field and provides our views on future developments.

Field-Free Manipulation of Two-Dimensional Ferromagnet CrTe2 by Spin-Orbit Torques.

Electrical manipulation of magnetic states in two-dimensional ferromagnetic systems is crucial in information storage and low-dimensional spintronics. Spin-orbit torque presents a rapid and energy-efficient method for electrical control of the magnetization. In this letter, we demonstrate a wafer-scale spin-orbit torque switching of two-dimensional ferromagnetic states. Using molecular beam epitaxy, we fabricate two-dimensional heterostructures composed of low crystal-symmetry WTe2 and ferromagnet CrTe2 with perpendicular anisotropy. By utilizing out-of-plane spins generated from WTe2, we achieve field-free switching of the CrTe2 perpendicular magnetization. The threshold switching current density in CrTe2/WTe2 is 1.2 × 106 A/cm2, 20 times smaller than that of the CrTe2/Pt control sample even with an external magnetic field. In addition, the switching behavior can be modulated by external magnetic fields and crystal symmetry. Our findings demonstrate a controllable and all-electric manipulation of perpendicular magnetization in a two-dimensional ferromagnet, representing a significant advancement toward the practical implementation of low-dimensional spintronic devices.

DNA Logical Device Combining an Entropy-Driven Catalytic Amplification Strategy for the Simultaneous Detection of Exosomal Multiplex miRNAs In Situ.

Exosomal miRNAs are considered promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, but their accuracy is severely compromised by the low content of miRNAs and the large amount of exosomal miRNAs released from normal cells. Here, we presented a dual-specific miRNA's logical recognition triggered by an entropy-driven catalysis (EDC)-enhanced system in exosomes for accurate detection of liver cancer-cell-derived exosomal miR-21 and miR-122. Taking advantage of the accurate analytical performance of the logic device, the excellent membrane penetration of gold nanoparticles, and the outstanding amplification ability of the EDC reaction, this method exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of tumor-derived exosomal miRNAs in situ. Moreover, due to its excellent performance, this logic device can effectively distinguish liver cancer patients from healthy donors by determining the amount of cancer-cell-derived exosomal miRNAs. Overall, this strategy has great potential for analyzing various types of exosomes and provides a viable tool to improve the accuracy of cancer diagnosis.

Biomimetic Multiscale Oriented PVA/NRL Hydrogel Enabled Multistimulus Responsive and Smart Shape Memory Actuator.

Shape memory hydrogels provide a worldwide scope for functional soft materials. However, most shape memory hydrogels exhibit poor mechanical properties, leading to low actuation strength, which severely limits their applications in smart biomimetic devices. Herein, a strategy for muscle-inspired shape memory-oriented polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-natural rubber latex (NRL) hydrogel (OPNH) with multiscale oriented structure is demonstrated. The shape memory function comes from the stretch-induced crystallization of natural rubber (NR), while PVA forms strong hydrogen bonding interactions with proteins and phospholipids on the surface of NRL particles. Meanwhile, the reconfigurable interactions of PVA and NR produce a multiscale-oriented structure during stretch-drying, improving the mechanical and shape memory properties. The resultant OPNH shows excellent interfacial compatibility, exhibiting outstanding mechanical performance (3.2 MPa), high shape fixity (≈80%) and shape recovery ratio (≈92%), high actuation strength (206 kPa), working capacity (105 kJ m- 3), extremely short response time (≈2 s), low response temperature (28 °C) and smart thermal responsiveness. It can even maintain muscle-like working capacity when lifting a load equivalent to 372 times its weight, providing a new class shape memory material for the application in smart biomimetic muscles and multistimulus responsive devices.

Ultrafast polarization characterization with Mueller matrix based on optical time-stretch and spectral encoding.

High-speed optical polarization characterization is highly desirable for a wide range of applications, including remote sensing, telecommunication, and medical diagnosis. The utilization of the Mueller matrix provides a superior systematic and comprehensive approach to represent polarization attributes when matter interacts with optical beams. However, the current measurement speed of Mueller matrix is limited to only seconds or milliseconds. In this study, we present an ultrafast Mueller matrix polarimetry (MMP) technique based on optical time-stretch and spectral encoding that enables us to achieve an impressive temporal resolution of 4.83 nanoseconds for accurate Mueller matrix measurements. The unique feature of optical time-stretch technology enables continuous, ultrafast single-shot spectroscopy, resulting in a remarkable speed of up to 207 MHz for spectral encoding Mueller matrix measurement. We have employed an effective Mueller linear reconstruction algorithm based on the measured modulation matrix, accounting for all potential non-ideal effects of polarization components like retardance error and azimuth error. To ensure high precision, prior to the actual measurement, high-order dispersion induced by time-stretch requires adjustment through proper modulation matrix design. Upon such correction, both the results of static and rapid dynamic samples measurements exhibit exceptional accuracy with root-mean-square error (RMSE) approximately equal to 0.04 and 0.07 respectively. This presented ultrafast MMP provides a significant advance over preceding endeavors, enabling superior accuracy and increased speed concurrently.

Wearable strain sensor integrating mechanoluminescent fiber with a flexible printed circuit.

This paper reports an optical strain sensor that integrates a self-powered mechanoluminescent (ML) elastic fiber with a flexible circuit. The inclusion of an alumina nanoparticle as the additive results in seven-fold enhancement of ML intensity while maintaining flexibility of 120% strain. The sensor facilitates the detection of strain and stretching speed. It attains a sensitivity of 0.0022 lx/(1% strain) and a resolution of 0.2% strain, respectively. We have successfully applied it to detect bending motions of the finger, wrist, and elbow. This wearable strain sensor holds promise for diverse applications in wearable technology.

Non-line-of-sight optical wireless communication system enabled by wavefront shaping for multi-user indoor access.

In this Letter, we experimentally investigate a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) optical wireless communication (OWC) system that utilizes wavefront shaping techniques to realize simultaneous data transmission for multiple users. Wavefront shaping techniques are employed to address the issue of low intensity of diffusely reflected light at the receiver in NLOS scenarios for indoor high-speed access. To achieve communication path planning and tracing for two different users in free-space optical communication, the pixels of the spatial light modulator (SLM) are divided into two halves to separately manipulate the wavefront of two independent data carriers centered at different wavelengths. The maximum received optical power can be effectively improved by more than 15 dB with the wavefront shaping technique. To avoid power enhancement of non-target wavelength, the wavelength difference of two different users is experimentally studied. The difference in power enhancement ratio (DPER) is increased with the wavelength difference, and 14.95 dB DPER is obtained with a 10 nm wavelength difference. Under the aforementioned wavelength planning strategy, successful transmission and reception of 2 × 160 Gbit/s 16-QAM signals for two users with coherent detection is achieved using wavelengths of 1550 and 1560 nm in an indoor access scenario.

Low-loss compact chalcogenide microresonators for efficient stimulated Brillouin lasers.

Chalcogenide glasses (ChGs) possess a high elasto-optic coefficient, making them ideal for applications in microwave photonics and narrow-linewidth lasers based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). However, current As2S3-based integrated devices suffer from poor stability and low laser-induced damage threshold, and planar ChG devices feature limited quality factors. In this Letter, we propose and demonstrate a high-quality integrated GeSbS ChG Brillouin photonic device. By introducing Euler bending structures, we suppress high-order optical modes and reduce propagation losses in a finger-shaped GeSbS microresonator, resulting in a compact footprint of 3.8 mm2 and a high intrinsic quality factor of 5.19 × 106. The combination of GeSbS material's high Brillouin gain and the resonator's high-quality factor enables the generation of stimulated Brillouin lasers with a low threshold of 0.96 mW and a fundamental linewidth of 58 Hz. Moreover, cascaded stimulated Brillouin lasers can be realized up to the seventh order, yielding microwave beat frequencies up to 40 GHz.

Effects of the Fasting-Postprandial State on Arterial Spin Labeling MRI-Based Cerebral Perfusion Quantification in Alzheimer's Disease.

BACKGROUND: The fasting-postprandial state remains an underrecognized confounding factor for quantifying cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the cognitive assessment and differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of fasting-postprandial state on arterial spin labeling (ASL)-based CBF in AD patients. STUDY TYPE: Prospective. SUBJECTS: Ninety-two subjects (mean age = 62.5 ± 6.4 years; females 29.3%), including 30 with AD, 32 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 30 healthy controls (HCs). Differential diagnostic models were developed with a 4:1 training to testing set ratio. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 3-T, T1-weighted imaging using gradient echo and pseudocontinuous ASL imaging using turbo spin echo. ASSESSMENT: Two ASL scans were acquired to quantify fasting state and postprandial state regional CBFs based on an automated anatomical labeling atlas. Two-way ANOVA was used to assess the effects of fasting/postprandial state and disease state (AD, MCI, and HC) on regional CBF. Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted between regional CBF and cognitive scores (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] and Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA]). The diagnostic performances of the fasting state, postprandial state, and mixed state (random mixing of the fasting and postprandial state CBF) in differential diagnosis of AD were conducted using support vector machine and logistic regression models. STATISTICAL TESTS: Two-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and area under the curve (AUC) of diagnostic model were performed. P values <0.05 indicated statistical significance. RESULTS: Fasting-state CBF was correlated with cognitive scores in more brain regions (17 vs. 4 [MMSE] and 15 vs. 9 [MoCA]) and had higher absolute correlation coefficients than postprandial-state CBF. In the differential diagnosis of AD patients from MCI patients and HCs, fasting-state CBF outperformed mixed-state CBF, which itself outperformed postprandial-state CBF. DATA CONCLUSION: Compared with postprandial CBF, fasting-state CBF performed better in terms of cognitive score correlations and in differentiating AD patients from MCI patients and HCs. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.

Trichromatic critical flicker frequency as potential visual test in cataract and macula disease patients.

PURPOSE: To investigate the capacity of critical flicker frequency (CFF) in discriminating cataract eyes with or without macula disease using trichromatic flickers, and to develop a model to predict postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). METHODS: Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of macular disease. CFF threshold measurements of red (R-CFF), green (G-CFF), and yellow (Y-CFF) flickers were conducted both preoperatively and postoperatively. A generalized estimating equations model (GEE) was employed to examine the relationship between CFF threshold and 3-month postoperative BCVA. RESULTS: A total of 115 eyes were enrolled, with 59 eyes in the cataract alone group and 56 eyes in the cataract with macular disease group completing the follow-up. R-CFF was found to be consistent before and after cataract removal (P = 0.06), even in cases where OCT was not performed successfully (P > 0.05). Y-CFF showed the highest AUC (0.798) for differentiating ocular comorbidities. According to the GEE model, in patients with a CFF threshold below 26 Hz, the odds ratios for achieving a postoperative VA of 20/40 or better were 34.8% for R-CFF, 26.0% for G-CFF, and 24.5% for Y-CFF. CONCLUSION: CFF emerges as a promising tool for predicting postoperative BCVA, providing valuable supplementary insights when fundus examination is obstructed. R-CFF demonstrates the best resistance to cataracts, while Y-CFF exhibits the highest sensitivity both in identifying macular diseases and predicting postoperative BCVA of 20/40 or better.

Interferon-γ-induced GBP1 is an inhibitor of human papillomavirus 18.

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is an important factor leading to cervical cell abnormalities. 90% of cervical cancers are closely associated with persistent infection of high-risk HPV, with the highest correlation with HPV16 and 18. Currently available vaccines and antivirals have limited effectiveness and coverage. Guanylate binding protein 1 (GBP1) was induced by interferon gamma and involved in many important cellular processes such as clearance of various microbial pathogens. However, whether GBP1 can inhibit human papillomavirus infection is unclear. RESULTS: In this study, we found that GBP1 can effectively degrade HPV18 E6, possibly through its GTPase activity or other pathways, and E6 protein degrades GBP1 through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway to achieve immune escape. CONCLUSION: Therefore, GBP1 is an effector of IFN-γ anti-HPV activity. Our findings provided new insights into the treatment of HPV 18 infections.

A novel quantitative method to evaluate lumbar disc degeneration: MRI histogram analysis.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to use MRI histogram analysis to routine MRI sequences to evaluate lumbar disc degeneration (LDD), illustrate the correlation between this novel method and the traditional Pfirrmann classification method, and more importantly, perform comprehensive agreement analysis of MRI histogram analysis in various situations to evaluate its objectivity and stability. METHODS: Lumbar MRI images from 133 subjects were included in this study. LDD was classified into grades by Pfirrmann classification and was measured as peak separation value by MRI histogram analysis. Correlation analysis between the two methods was performed and cutoff values were determined. In addition, the agreement analysis of peak separation value was performed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) in four scenarios, including inter-resolution, inter-observer, inter-regions of interest (ROI) and inter-slice. RESULTS: Peak separation values were strongly correlated with Pfirrmann grades (r = - 0.847). The inter-resolution agreements of peak separation value between original image resolution of 2304 × 2304 and compressed image resolutions (1152 × 1152, 576 × 576, 288 × 288) were good to excellent (ICCs were 0.916, 0.876 and 0.822), except 144 × 144 was moderate (ICC = 533). The agreements of inter-observer (ICC = 0.982) and inter-ROI (ICC = 0.915) were excellent. Compared with the mid-sagittal slice, the inter-slice agreements were good for the first adjacent slices (ICCs were 0.826 and 0.844), and moderate to good for the second adjacent slices (ICC = 0.733 and 0.753). CONCLUSION: MRI histogram analysis, used in routine MRI sequences, demonstrated a strong correlation with Pfirrmann classification and good agreements in various scenarios, expanding the range of application and providing an effective, objective and quantitative tool to evaluate LDD.

Serum BAFF levels are associated with the prognosis of idiopathic membranous nephropathy.

OBJECTIVE: High serum levels of B-cell activation factor (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) have been observed in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (iMN); however, their relationships with disease severity and progression remain unclear. METHODS: Patients with iMN diagnosed via renal biopsy were enrolled in this study. The concentrations of BAFF and APRIL were determined using ELISA kits. Proteinuria remission, including complete remission (CR) and partial remission (PR), and renal function deterioration were defined as clinical events. The Cox proportional hazards method was used to analyze the relationship between cytokine levels and disease progression. RESULTS: Seventy iMN patients were enrolled in this study, with a median follow-up time of 24 months (range 6-72 months). The serum levels of BAFF and APRIL were higher in iMN patients than in healthy controls but lower than those in minimal change disease (MCD) patients. The serum BAFF level was positively correlated with the serum APRIL level, serum anti-phospholipase A2 receptor (anti-PLA2R) antibody level, and 24-h proteinuria and negatively correlated with the serum albumin (ALB) level. However, no significant correlation was observed between the serum APRIL level and clinical parameters. According to the multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model adjusted for sex, age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), immunosuppressive agent use, 24-h proteinuria, APRIL level, and anti-PLA2R antibody, only the serum BAFF level was identified as an independent predictor of PR (HR, 0.613; 95% CI, 0.405-0.927; p = 0.021) and CR of proteinuria (HR, 0.362; 95% CI, 0.202-0.648; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A high serum BAFF level is associated with severe clinical manifestations and poor disease progression in patients with iMN.

A Novel Label-Free Electrochemical Immunosensor for the Detection of Thyroid Transcription Factor 1 Using Ribbon-like Tungsten Disulfide-Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrids and Gold Nanoparticles.

Thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF1) is an important cancer-related biomarker for clinical diagnosis, especially for carcinomas of lung and thyroid origin. Herein, a novel label-free electrochemical immunosensor was prepared for TTF1 detection based on nanohybrids of ribbon-like tungsten disulfide-reduced graphene oxide (WS2-rGO) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The proposed immunosensor employed H2O2 as the electrochemical probe because of the excellent peroxidase-like activity of ribbon-like WS2-rGO. The introduction of AuNPs not only enhanced the electrocatalytic activity of the immunosensor, but also provided immobilization sites for binding TTF1 antibodies. The electrochemical signals can be greatly amplified due to their excellent electrochemical performance, which realized the sensitive determination of TTF1 with a wide linear range of 0.025-50 ng mL-1 and a lower detection limit of 0.016 ng mL-1 (S/N = 3). Moreover, the immunosensor exhibited high selectivity, good reproducibility, and robust stability, as well as the ability to detect TTF1 in human serum with satisfactory results. These observed properties of the immunosensor enhance its potential practicability in clinical applications. This method can also be used for the detection of other tumor biomarkers by using the corresponding antigen-antibody complex.

Depolymerization of Native Lignin over Thiol Capped Ultrathin ZnIn2S4 Microbelts Mediated by Photogenerated Thiyl Radical.

The valorization of native lignin to functionalized aromatic compounds under visible light is appealing yet challenging. In this communication, colloidal mercaptoalkanoic acid capped ultrathin ZnIn2S4 (ZIS) microbelts was successfully fabricated, which was used as a superior catalyst for depolymerization of native lignin in birch woodmeal under visible light, with an optimum yield of 28.8 wt % to functionalized aromatic monomers achieved in 8 h. The capped mercaptoalkanoic acid not only enables a solvent modulated reversible interchange of ZIS between the colloidal state for efficient reaction and the aggregated state for facile separation, but also serves as a precursor for light initiated generation of reactive thiyl radical for highly selective cleavage of ß-O-4 bond in native lignin. This work provides a green and efficient strategy for the depolymerization of native lignin to functionalized aromatic monomers under mild conditions, which involves a new mechanism for the cleavage of ß-O-4 bonds in native lignin. The capability of cleavage of ß-O-4 bonds in native lignin by photogenerated thiyl radicals also demonstrates the great potential of using photogenerated thiyl radicals in organics transformations.

Demonstration of an 800G CDM-SDM coherent PON utilizing weakly coupled multicore fibers with CDM tributary manipulation.

In this Letter, we present an experimental demonstration of downstream signaling in a 16 × 50 Gbit/s coherent passive optical network (CPON) using the code and space division multiplexing (CDM-SDM) approach. We realize optical SDM through the utilization of a 4-core weakly coupled multicore fiber (WC-MCF), enhancing the total available optical launch power at the optical line terminal (OLT). This enhancement significantly improves the power budget for CPONs that connect with a large number of optical network units (ONUs). At the second stage of the CPON, four CDM-assigned ONUs are connected to individual cores of the WC-MCF, thereby supporting the connectivity of up to 16 ONUs. Through experiments, we have noted substantial disparities in the downstream signaling performance among individual CDM-assigned ONUs, particularly as the capacity is increased to 800 Gbit/s. To address this issue, we have employed an innovative approach by leveraging space-time coding techniques to manipulate the CDM tributaries, to achieve a balanced reception performance for all ONUs within the CPON. We believe that the proposed CDM-SDM CPON scheme, complemented by the advanced DSP flow chart, holds significant promise for future PON systems characterized by substantial capacity and extensive connectivity.

Facile fabrication of ternary NiTiFe-LDH ultrathin nanosheets for efficient conversion of amines into imines under visible light.

Ternary NiTiFe-LDH with an ultrathin nanosheet morphology was successfully fabricated via a facile co-precipitation method, followed by refluxing, and was used as a catalyst for oxidative coupling of amines to produce imines under visible light. The obvious superior activity observed in NiTiFe-LDH ultrathin nanosheets compared with binary NiTi-LDH and bulk NiTiFe-LDH can be ascribed to an enhanced light absorption capability caused by the introduction of Fe3+ ions as well as the ultrathin nanosheets which can minimize the recombination of the photogenerated charge carriers and provide more catalytically active sites for the reaction. As a result, more catalytically active O2˙- radicals are generated over NiTiFe-LDH ultrathin nanosheets, which leads to their superior activity. This study not only shows the possibility of using LDHs in photocatalytic organic transformations but also demonstrates an effective strategy to promote the activity of LDH-based photocatalysts via simultaneous composition and morphology modulation of LDHs.

Multiclass motor imagery classification with Riemannian geometry and temporal-spectral selection.

Motor imagery (MI) based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) decode the users' intentions from electroencephalography (EEG) to achieve information control and interaction between the brain and external devices. In this paper, firstly, we apply Riemannian geometry to the covariance matrix extracted by spatial filtering to obtain robust and distinct features. Then, a multiscale temporal-spectral segmentation scheme is developed to enrich the feature dimensionality. In order to determine the optimal feature configurations, we utilize a linear learning-based temporal window and spectral band (TWSB) selection method to evaluate the feature contributions, which efficiently reduces the redundant features and improves the decoding efficiency without excessive loss of accuracy. Finally, support vector machines are used to predict the classification labels based on the selected MI features. To evaluate the performance of our model, we test it on the publicly available BCI Competition IV dataset 2a and 2b. The results show that the method has an average accuracy of 79.1% and 83.1%, which outperforms other existing methods. Using TWSB feature selection instead of selecting all features improves the accuracy by up to about 6%. Moreover, the TWSB selection method can effectively reduce the computational burden. We believe that the framework reveals more interpretable feature information of motor imagery EEG signals, provides neural responses discriminative with high accuracy, and facilitates the performance of real-time MI-BCI.

Trilobatin ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice via the NF-κB pathway and alterations in gut microbiota.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of trilobatin (TLB) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice and further explore the underlying mechanisms from the perspectives of signaling pathway and gut microbiota. METHODS: A mouse model of UC was established using DSS. Trilobatin was administered via oral gavage. Disease severity was assessed based on body weight, disease activity index (DAI), colon length, histological detection, inflammation markers, and colonic mucosal barrier damage. Alternations in the NF-κB and PI3K/Akt pathways were detected by marker proteins. High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to investigate the gut microbiota of mice. RESULTS: In the DSS-induced UC mice, TLB (30 µg/g) treatment significantly increased the body weight, reduced the DAI score, alleviated colon length shortening, improved histopathological changes in colon tissue, inhibited the secretion and expression of inflammation factors (TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6), and increased the expression of tight-junction proteins (ZO-1 and occludin). Furthermore, TLB (30 µg/g) treatment significantly suppressed the activation of NF-κB pathway and altered the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota, as observed in the variations of the relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Bacteroidota, in UC mice. CONCLUSION: TLB effectively alleviates DSS-induced UC in mice. Regulation of the NF-κB pathway and gut microbiota contributes to TLB-mediated therapeutic effects. Our study not only identified a novel drug candidate for the treatment of UC, but also enhanced our understanding of the biological functions of TLB.