Impacts of Local Effects and Surface Loads on the Common Mode Error Filtering in Continuous GPS Measurements in the Northwest of Yunnan Province, China.

While seasonal hydrological mass loading, derived from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) measurements, shows coherent spatial patterns and is an important source for the common mode error (CME) in continuous global positioning system (cGPS) measurements in Yunnan, it is a challenge to quantify local effects and detailed changes in daily GPS measurements by using GRACE data due to its low time and spatial resolutions. In this study, we computed and compared two groups of CMEs for nine cGPS sites in the northwest Yunnan province; rCMEs were computed with the residual cGPS time series having high inter-station correlations, while oCMEs were computed with all the GPS time series. The rCMEs-filtered time series had smaller variances and larger root mean square (RMS) reductions than those that were oCMEs-filtered, and when the stations local effects were not removed, spurious transient-like signals occurred. Compared with hydrological mass loading (HYDL), its combination with non-tidal atmosphere pressure and ocean mass reached a better agreement with the CME in the vertical component, with the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) increasing from 0.28 to 0.55 and the RMS reduction increasing from 15.19% to 33.4%, respectively. Our results suggest that it is necessary to evaluate the inter-station correlation and remove the possible noisy stations before conducting CME filtering, and that one should carefully choose surface loading models to correct the raw cGPS time series if CME filtering is not conducted.

The room temperature ethanol gas sensors based on MoS2-CuGaO2 composite prepared by hydrothermal method.

In this paper, MoS2-CuGaO2 composites were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. The composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The specific surface area and pore size distribution were obtained by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms. The gas sensing property measurements were conducted. The sensitivity of pure CuGaO2 based gas sensor to 100 ppm acetic acid and benzene vapor was 1.4 at 25oC. The sensitivity of MoS2-CuGaO2 composite (M - 5) was 6.0 towards 100 ppm ethanol vapor at 25oC. And the detection limit of MoS2-CuGaO2 (M - 5) based sensor was 0.1 ppm. The results demonstrated that MoS2 had effect on the selectivity and sensitivity of the MoS2-CuGaO2 composites. M - 5 composite is considered to be promising for ethanol sensing application in room temperature.

Graphene-based 3D composite hydrogel by anchoring Co3O4 nanoparticles with enhanced electrochemical properties.

Three-dimensional (3D) graphene-based composite materials have attracted increasing attention, owing to their specific surface area, high conductivity and electronic interactions. Here, we report a convenient route to fabricate a 3D Co3O4/Graphene Hydrogel (CGH) composite as an electrode material for supercapacitors. Utilizing the gelation of a graphene oxide dispersion enables the anchoring of Co3O4 nanoparticles on the graphene sheet surfaces and formation of the hydrogel simultaneously. Remarkably, the spherical Co3O4 particles can serve as spacers to keep the neighboring graphene sheets separated. The CGH exhibits a high specific capacitance (Cs) of 757.5 F g(-1) at a current density of 0.5 A g(-1), indicating its potential application as an electrode material for supercapacitors.

Dual Stable Nanomedicines Prepared by Cisplatin-Crosslinked Camptothecin Prodrug Micelles for Effective Drug Delivery.

A polymer micelle-based drug delivery system has faced many challenges due to the lack of stability especially after being diluted in blood, resulting in a premature release. Herein, we developed camptothecin (CPT)-conjugated prodrug (CPTP) micelles in which CPT was grafted to the poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(glutamic acid) block copolymer via a disulfide bond linker for a redox-triggered drug release. Then, the cisplatin (CDDP)-crosslinked CPT-prodrug micelles (CPTP/CDDP) with a hybrid complex as a stable structure were successfully established via the CDDP (Pt)-carboxyl (COOH) chelate interaction. The resulting dual CPTP/CDDP had an average hydrodynamic radius of about 50 nm with a narrow distribution, which was conducive to the promotion of solid tumor accumulation. Importantly, CPT chemical bonding to the polymer backbone obviously stabilizes the CPT-prodrug micelles and prolongs their circulation time. Moreover, both CPT and CDDP are clinically used antitumor drugs; CDDP not only behaves as an ancillary anticarcinogen but also serves as a crosslinker to restrain the untimely burst release of CPT and to achieve synergistic antitumor efficacy. In addition, the CPTP/CDDP also exhibited a sustained reduction responsive release of CPT accompanied by the dissociation of the CDDP-COOH complex. This design ingeniously solved the contradiction between the stability and release of polymer micelle-based nanomedicines. Both in vitro and in vivo tests demonstrated an amazing antineoplastic efficacy compared with free drugs (CPT or CDDP) and just their physical mixing, indicating great promise for cancer treatment.

Self-assembly of disk-like multiring ZnO-SnO2 colloidal nanoparticles.

ZnO-SnO(2) colloidal nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by using the composite of ZnCl(2) and Sn(OC(4)H(9))(4) as inorganic precursor and dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) as an organic template. The assembled nanostructures of ZnO-SnO(2) products have been carefully investigated by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is found that ZnO-SnO(2) colloidal nanoparticles take a disk-like multiring nanostructure. This interesting structure is predominantly determined by the tenacity for ZnO-SnO(2) mixtures to stabilize lamellae. A mechanism based on electrostatic interactions between the precursor and template has been proposed to illustrate the resulting nanoparticle structure.