"On-the-Fly" Nonadiabatic Dynamics Simulation on the Ultrafast Photoisomerization of a Molecular Photoswitch Iminothioindoxyl: An RMS-CASPT2 Investigation.

Iminothioindoxyl (ITI) is a new class of photoswitch that exhibits many excellent properties including well-separated absorption bands in the visible region for both conformers, ultrafast Z to E photoisomerization as well as the millisecond reisomerization at room temperature for the E isomer, and switchable ability in both solids and various solvents. However, the underlying ultrafast photoisomerization mechanism at the atomic level remains unclear. In this work, we have employed a combination of high-level RMS-CASPT2-based static electronic structure calculations and nonadiabatic dynamics simulations to investigate the ultrafast photoisomerization dynamics of ITI. Based on the minimum-energy structures, minimum-energy conical intersections, linear interpolation internal coordinate paths, and nonadiabatic dynamics simulations, the overall photoisomerization scenario of ITI upon excitation is established. Upon excitation around 416 nm, the molecule will be excited to the S2 state considering its close energy to the experimentally measured absorption maximum and larger oscillator strength, from which ultrafast decay of S2 to S1 state can take place efficiently with a time constant of 62 fs. However, the photoisomerization is not likely to complete in the S2 state since the dihedral associated with the Z to E isomerization changes little during the relaxation. Upon relaxing to the S1 state, the molecule will decay to the S0 state ultrafast with a time constant of 232 fs. In contrast, the decay of the S1 state is important for the isomerization considering that the dihedral related to the isomerization of the hopping structures is close to 90°. Therefore, the S1/S0 intersection region should be important for the isomerization of ITI. Arriving at the S0 state, the molecule can either go back to the original Z reactant or isomerize to the E products. At the end of the 500 fs simulation time, the E configuration accounts for nearly 37% of the final structures. Moreover, the photoisomerization mechanism is different from the isomerization mechanism in the ground state; i.e., instead of the inversion mechanism in the ground state, the photoisomerization prefers the rotation mechanism. Our results not only agree well with previous experimental studies but also provide some novel insights that could be helpful for future improvements in the performance of the ITI photoswitches.

Oleanane-type triterpenoids from Sabia limoniacea and their anti-inflammatory activities.

Eighteen new oleanane-type triterpenoids were isolated from the stems of Sabia limoniacea, including sabialimon A (1), a triterpenoid with an unprecedented 6/6/6/7/7 pentacyclic skeleton and seventeen undescribed triterpenoids, sabialimons B-R (2 - 18), along with six previously described analogs (19 - 24). Their structures were fully elucidated via extensive spectroscopic analysis including 1D and 2D NMR, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS), experimental electronic circular dichroism measurements and X-ray crystallographic studies. Compound 1 is the first triterpenoid that possesses a rare ring system (6/6/6/7/7) with an oxygen-bearing bridge between C-17 and C-18 and a hemiketal form at C-17, which is generated a larger ring by the degradation of C-28 and D/E-ring expansion. Biological evaluation revealed that sabialimon I (9), sabialimon K (11), sabialimon P (16) and 11,13(18)-oleanadien-28-hydroxymethyl 3-one (20) exhibited significantly inhibitory activities against nitric oxide (NO) release with IC50 values of 29.65, 23.41, 18.12 and 26.64 µM, respectively, as compared with the positive control (dexamethasone, IC50 value: 40.35 µM). Furthermore, sabialimon P markedly decreased the secretion of TNF-α, iNOS, IL-6 and NF-κB and inhibited the expression of COX-2 and NF-κB/p65 in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner.

Clinical Effect of Combined Fascia Sheath Suspension With Shortening Levator Muscle on Severe Blepharoptosis.

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical effect of conjoint fascial sheath (CFS) suspension and levator palpebrae superioris muscle shortening in the treatment of severe blepharoptosis. METHODS: Forty-five patients with severe blepharoptosis (75 eyes) from May 2020 to February 2022 in the authors' hospital were divided into 2 groups: group A (n = 33, 43 eyes) and group B (n = 24, 32 eyes). Group A was operated on by CFS + levator muscle shortening, and group B was operated on by frontal muscle flap suspension + levator muscle shortening. Both groups were followed up for 12 months (until February 2023). The clinical effect was counted in 6 months after operation, the early complications were counted in 1 month after operation, and the late complications were counted in 1 month to 12 months after operation. Margin to corneal reflex distance 1 (MRD1) and palpebral fissure height (PFH) were recorded before, 1 week, 3 months, and 12 months postoperatively, and the amount of eyelid retrogression was counted again. RESULTS: The good correction rate was 90.70% in group A, higher than in group B (71.88%), and the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05); the early postoperative complication rate was 9.30%, lower than in group B (24.38%), and the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05); the late postoperative complication rate was 2.33%, lower than group B (18.75%), and the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05). The MRD1 and PFH of group A were higher than those of group B (P< 0.05) at 3 months postoperatively and 12 months postoperatively; the MRD1 and PFH of group A were lower than those of group B (P< 0.05) at 3 months postoperatively and 12 months postoperatively. Repeated measurement analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences in the main effects of MRD1, PFH, eyelid retrogression, and time in group A and group B (P< 0.05), and there was interaction between intervention and time (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION: Conjoint fascial sheath suspension combined with levator palpebrae superioris muscle shortening can effectively improve MRD1 and PFH, and the amount of upper eyelid retraction is controllable 1 year after operation.

Comprehensive Treatment of Lower Eyelid Plasty Based on Intraoral Fixation and Redistribution of Lower Eyelid Fat.

BACKGROUND: Eye bags especially give an impression of aging and mental exhaustion. At present, the surgical methods of bags mainly include conjunctival approach and lower eyelid skin approach. With the continuous upgrading of the concept of facial esthetics, the lower eyelid pouch surgery for middle-aged and elderly patients pays more attention to reducing surgical trauma, improving tear trough deformity along with the effacement of lid­cheek junction. OBJECTIVE: This paper discusses the clinical effect of the lower lid blepharoplasty involved orbital septum fat repositioning based on oral fixation via conjunctival approach combined with relaxation skin resection in the treatment of eye bags in elderly patient. METHODS: Fifty elderly patients underwent blepharoplasty between January of 2021 and June of 2021 at our hospital. The lower eyelid orbital septum fat was released along with the prezygomatic space and the premaxillary space were stripped through the conjunctival approach. The released cellulite was redistributed in the prezygomatic space/premaxillary space and fixed in the oral vestibular with 5-0 Polysorb through the middle facial tunnel. Finally, the appropriate skin was finally removed. RESULTS: After operation, 48 patients were satisfied with the operation results, with tight lower eyelid skin and natural lid­cheek junction. One patient with conjunctival infection was cured after 7 days of antibiotic eye drops. One patient felt foreign body when chewing, and the symptoms disappeared naturally after 5 days without treatment. CONCLUSION: For middle-aged and elderly patients with bags, the surgical method in this study not only has good postoperative effect, but also has small damage to the lower eyelid orbicularis muscle. The appearance is natural and the lower eyelid skin is tight. The effacement of lid­cheek junction and recreating a smooth transition of lower lid cheek interface, which can correct lacrimal groove deformity. The patients have high acceptance and satisfaction, which can be widely used in clinical practice.

A Novel Punch Technique for Facial Pigmented Melanocytic Nevus.

The punch tool is a swift and practical instrument in the facial pigmented melanocytic nevus. However, few studies have evaluated the efficacy of the method for facial pigmented nevus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the practicability and effectiveness of removing facial pigmented nevus by punch biopsy technique. This was an observational study of patients with facial pigmented nevus in the Hospital of Plastic Surgery, Weifang Medical University. The ages of patients ranged from 15 to 36 years (average, 25 y). The outcome evaluations included Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) score, esthetic appearance, and patient satisfaction. Following standard procedures, preoperative surgical excision was performed with safety margins. Anatomopathologic analysis of the surgical specimen was used as the gold standard to evaluate the accuracy of diagnosis by punch biopsy. From January 2019 to January 2020, this punch technique was carried out on 96 patients (151 pigmented nevus) with 35 melanocytic nevus on the forehead, 39 on the cheek, 21 on the eyelid, and 45 on the nose, whereas 11 were on nasolabial folds. The diameters of pigmented nevus are 0.5 to 10 mm on the face. All patients were evaluated at a follow-up visit ranging from 6 to 20 months (average, 11±1.5 mo) and healed with no complication. The histopathological examinations of the skin lesions showed benign outcomes. The mean Vancouver Scar Scale were 1.1±0.4. Ideal cosmetic and functional outcomes were achieved in 94 patients (97.9%). All patients achieved complete satisfaction except 2 patients with partial satisfaction. No recurrences and complications were recorded. This study demonstrated that the punch technique is an effective method to remove facial pigmented melanocytic nevus with acceptable functional and esthetic outcomes without relapse.

Discovery of Anti-Inflammatory Triterpenoid Glucosides from the Heritiera littoralis Dryand.

Two new triterpenoid glucosides, Heritiera A (1) and Heritiera B (2), and six known triterpenoid analogs (3-8) were isolated from Heritiera littoralis Dryand. Their structures were identified by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses and comparisons with the literature. The anti-inflammatory activity of the isolates from H. littoralis was evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 cells model. The result showed that four triterpenoids exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity. Among these compounds, compound 2 substantially inhibits the release of nitric oxide (NO) with an IC50 value of 10.33 µM. The triterpenoids from H. littoralis could be used as potential candidates for the development of new anti-inflammatory agents.

Triterpenoids from the Leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus and Their Glucose Uptake Activity in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.

Four new dammarane triterpenoid saponins cypaliurusides Z1-Z4 (1-4) and eight known analogs (5-12) were isolated from the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined using a comprehensive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS data. The docking study demonstrated that compound 10 strongly bonded with PTP1B (a potential drug target for the treatment of type-II diabetes and obesity), hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic interactions, verifying the importance of sugar unit. The effects of the isolates on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were evaluated and three dammarane triterpenoid saponins (6, 7 and 10) were found to enhance insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, compounds 6, 7, and 10 exhibited potent abilities to promote insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, the abundant dammarane triterpenoid saponins from C. paliurus leaves exhibited stimulatory effects on glucose uptake with application potential as a antidiabetic treatment.

Orbital Septum Fat Flap Transfer for Upper Eyelid Depression.

BACKGROUND: Sunken upper eyelid makes people's eyes look gaunt and aging. At present, more and more people are paying attention to eye rejuvenation, and more and more people are asking for correction of sunken upper eyelid. Orbital septum fat plays an important role in the display of eye contour. Therefore, the position of orbital septum fat can be adjusted surgically to improve the upper eyelid depression. OBJECTIVE: This article discusses the clinical effect of orbital septum fat flap transfer in the upper eyelid depression of mild to moderate. METHODS: Thirty patients with single eyelid depression in our hospital from April to September 2020 were selected. After blepharoplasty, the orbital septum fat was fully released and the lateral orbital fat transfer was fixed to the mid-medial upper eyelid depression. RESULTS: After the operation, 29 patients were satisfied with the results, with good incision healing, bilateral basic symmetry no obvious scar, and negative effect of non-convex and concave eyelid inequality. One patient did not achieve the expected results and was treated with a second autologous fat filling. CONCLUSIONS: For patients with mild to moderate sunken upper eyelid, orbital septal fat flap metastasis during blepharoplasty has not only good effect, natural appearance, and smooth upper eyelid skin, but also only 1 incision for upper eyelid formation, which has high acceptance and satisfaction of patients and can be widely used in clinical practice.

High-Density Fat Grafting Assisted Stromal Vascular Fraction Gel in Facial Deformities.

ABSTRACT: Autologous fat grafting is commonly used for soft tissue augmentation and reconstruction, this technique is limited by a high rate of graft absorption. The stromal vascular fraction gel (SVF-gel) grafting for facial volume augmentation can exert a positive effect on skin rejuvenation, but its major limitation is the low rate of conversion of Coleman fat. The purpose of our study was to investigate a novel surgery using performing high-density fat in combination with SVF-gel in the treatment of hemifacial atrophy, or Romberg diseases. From October 2017 to October 2019, 13 patients with hemifacial atrophy underwent high-density fat transfer with SVF-gel injection. The outcome was determined by the difference in presurgery and postsurgery FACE-Q modules (FACE-Q conceptual framework: 1, Satisfaction with Facial Appearance; 2, Health-Related Quality of Life; 3, Negative Sequelae; 4, Satisfaction with Process of Care), which were designed as patient-reported outcome instrument to evaluate the unique outcomes of patients undergoing facial cosmetic procedures.The excellent cosmetic results were observed during follow-up periods, with no adverse events was seen in the treatment group. All patients showed improvements in facial augmentation and contour. In patients with facial volume loss, high-density fat transfer with SVF-gel facial injection resulted in significantly higher improvement scores and better patient satisfaction. The patient-reported FACE-Q modules presurgery and postsurgery results showed statistically significant improvement (P < 0.05). This high-density fat in combination with SVF-gel is an effective method of correcting the facial volume loss that leave no complications during follow-up, having a satisfactory volumization effect. This could largely facilitate the clinical utilization of fat.

Effect of exercise on bone mineral density among patients with osteoporosis and osteopenia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To systematically review and compare the efficacy of different exercise interventions on bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm2 ) in patients with osteoporosis and osteopenia. BACKGROUND: It is vitally important to prevent and treat bone loss in patients with osteoporosis and osteopenia. Exercise can effectively increase bone density and slow down bone loss in middle-aged and older people. However, it is still unclear which type of exercise intervention is the most effective on bone mineral density. DESIGN: Systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) according to PRISMA. METHODS: Randomised controlled trials of different exercise treatments for osteopenia and primary osteoporosis were included. A Frequentist network meta-analysis was conducted to appraise the efficacy of different types of exercise. The outcome was bone mineral density of different parts of the body. RESULTS: Ninety-seven studies were included. The network meta-analysis showed that combined exercise, resistance exercise, aerobic exercise and mind-body exercise had a significant effect in improving the bone density of lumbar spine. The surface under the cumulative ranking area (SUCRA) values for mind-body exercise was 0.99 and ranked first. For BMD of the femoral neck, all kinds of exercise interventions increased the bone density significantly compared with no exercise and the optimal type was mind-body exercise (SUCRA = 0.99). In terms of the total hip bone mineral density, aerobic exercise and resistance exercise could improve hip bone density, with the resistance exercise (SUCRA = 0.95) ranking as first. CONCLUSIONS: This NMA demonstrated the mind-body exercise might be the optimal exercise type to increase the BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck and resistance exercise is the most promising type for total hip BMD.

Theoretical Study of Hydrogen Production from Ammonia Borane Catalyzed by Metal and Non-Metal Diatom-Doped Cobalt Phosphide.

The decomposition of ammonia borane (NH3BH3) to produce hydrogen has developed a promising technology to alleviate the energy crisis. In this paper, metal and non-metal diatom-doped CoP as catalyst was applied to study hydrogen evolution from NH3BH3 by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Herein, five catalysts were investigated in detail: pristine CoP, Ni- and N-doped CoP (CoPNi-N), Ga- and N-doped CoP (CoPGa-N), Ni- and S-doped CoP (CoPNi-S), and Zn- and S-doped CoP (CoPZn-S). Firstly, the stable adsorption structure and adsorption energy of NH3BH3 on each catalytic slab were obtained. Additionally, the charge density differences (CDD) between NH3BH3 and the five different catalysts were calculated, which revealed the interaction between the NH3BH3 and the catalytic slab. Then, four different reaction pathways were designed for the five catalysts to discuss the catalytic mechanism of hydrogen evolution. By calculating the activation energies of the control steps of the four reaction pathways, the optimal reaction pathways of each catalyst were found. For the five catalysts, the optimal reaction pathways and activation energies are different from each other. Compared with undoped CoP, it can be seen that CoPGa-N, CoPNi-S, and CoPZn-S can better contribute hydrogen evolution from NH3BH3. Finally, the band structures and density of states of the five catalysts were obtained, which manifests that CoPGa-N, CoPNi-S, and CoPZn-S have high-achieving catalytic activity and further verifies our conclusions. These results can provide theoretical references for the future study of highly active CoP catalytic materials.

Elevated expression of IGFL1 indicates unfavorable prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma through promotion of cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the principal causes of death worldwide. The disease is often diagnosed late, at the stage of metastasis, which leads to a poor prognosis. With currently available treatment, most patients experience relapse and drug resistance. This study aimed to determine the potential role of insulin growth factor-like family member 1 (IGFL1) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). We analyzed the expression of IGFL1 using TIMER, UALCAN, and GEPIA. The association of IGFL1 expression with symptoms and overall survival (OS) in LUAD patients was evaluated using a tissue microarray (TMA). Moreover, A549 and H1299 cells with selective IGFL1 knockdown were used to observe their proliferation and apoptosis in vitro. From the TIMER, UALCAN and GEPIA databases, we found that IGFL1 was upregulated in LUAD (p < 0.001). The level of promoter methylation in IGFL1 was significantly downregulated in LUAD and patient groups with different gender. Similar results were obtained in UALCAN. The semi-quantitative analysis revealed that IGFL1 expression is correlated with TNM stage (p < 0.001) and tumor size (p < 0.001) in TMA. High levels of IGFL1 expression were associated with poor OS (p < 0.05). Functional tests in A549 and H1299 cells showed that knocking down the expression of IGFL1 inhibited proliferation and enhanced apoptosis. Our study revealed the potential utility of IGFL1 as a predictive biomarker, which may play a biological role by regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells.

The Modified Rectangle Flap Epicanthoplasty: A Novel and Individualized Design.

BACKGROUND: The epicanthal fold is ordinary in the eyelids of Asians, and the aesthetic appearance of eyelid surgery could be reduced and undermined; thus, medial epicanthoplasty is commonly performed to eliminate the effect of the epicanthal fold with less scarring. At present, there are a lot of techniques that have been described for the treatment of epicanthal fold. The potential problems, however, such as visible scar or under correction in the medial canthus area are challenges to surgeons. The purpose of our study was to explore a novel and individualized design using a modified rectangle flap with acceptable functional and aesthetic outcomes. METHODS: From January 2017 to January 2018, epicanthoplasty was performed for 40 patients by using a modified rectangle flap. All patients underwent double-eyelid surgery at the same time when they needed it. The evaluation criteria included the intercanthal distance (ICD), interpupillary distance (IPD), the ratio of ICD to IPD (ICD ratio), scar visibility, and cosmetic results. RESULTS: From January 2017 to January 2018, the modified rectangle flap method was carried out on 40 patients, who were evaluated at follow-up from 7 to 15 months. The average intercanthal length was 36.9 ± 2.2 mm preoperatively and decreased significantly to 31.5 ± 1.8 mm postoperatively, 7 months after the surgery (P < 0.01). The excellent cosmetic results, in terms of an open medial canthus, were observed during follow-up periods, with no definite recurrence, hypertrophic scar, or injury of the lacrimal apparatus. The inner canthus and lacrimal caruncle are fully exposed with an invisible scar. Both the patients and the surgeon judged that the aesthetic outcomes were excellent or good. CONCLUSIONS: This modified rectangular flap is an effective and personalized method of correcting the medial folds that leave no additional scar in the medial canthal area, and the procedure meets the patient's aesthetic expectations. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

A gene dysfunction module reveals the underlying pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa: An update.

Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic skin disease characterised by repeated skin abscesses with sinus tracts and scar formation. Currently, the aetiology and pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa remain unclear. Genetic factors, immune disorders, hormonal abnormalities, skin-microbial dysbiosis, smoking, obesity and mechanical friction all influence hidradenitis suppurativa pathogenesis. Moreover, hidradenitis suppurativa has a familial subset with autosomal dominant transmission proposed and is related to a mutation of γ-secretase component genes. In this review, we analyse and summarise research progress regarding the relationship between the γ-secretase gene dysfunction and the pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa.

[Dynamic changes of intestinal 16S rDNA metagenome in 5 infants].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the dynamic changes of intestinal 16S rDNA metagenome in healthy infants. METHODS: Seventeen fecal samples were collected at ages of 3 days, 1 month, 6 months and 1 year in 5 infants. Total bacterial DNAs were extracted and submitted high throughout sequencing on the V6 viable region of 16S rDNA. Tags and Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU) were then obtained and analysis of taxonomy, abundance and alpha diversity were performed. RESULTS: In total 2,190.66 Mbp raw data in 17 samples were produced. The OTU numbers ranged from 36 to 308. The dominate phylum included Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. The bacterial families>1% increased from only 2-4 per sample on day 3 to 7 at 1 or 6 months, 10 at 12 months. The average npShannon and Simpson index on day 3, at 1 month, 6 months and 1 year were 1.117, 1.460, 2.088, 2.50 and 0.443, 0.408, 0.229, 0.143 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Infants' intestines harbor abounding bacterial genomes. Distinct individual differences exist in infants in terms of intestinal bacterial abundance and composition. The abundance and diversity of gut bacteria increase over time.

Theoretical Study on the Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction Mechanism of Single-Atom Co Complexed Carbon-Based (Co-Nχ@C) Catalysts Supported on Carbon Nanotubes.

Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction serves as an effective strategy to tackle energy crises and mitigate greenhouse gas effects. The development of efficient and cost-effective electrocatalysts has been a research hotspot in the field. In this study, we designed four Co-doped single-atom catalysts (Co-Nχ@C) using carbon nanotubes as carriers, these catalysts included tri- and dicoordinated N-doped carbon nanoribbons, as well as tri- and dicoordinated N-doped graphene, respectively denoted as H3(H2)-Co/CNT and 3(2)-Co/CNT. The stable configurations of these Co-Nχ@C catalysts were optimized using the PBE+D3 method. Additionally, we explored the reaction mechanisms of these catalysts for the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 into four C1 products, including CO, HCOOH, CH3OH and CH4, in detail. Upon comparing the limiting potentials (UL) across the Co-Nχ@C catalysts, the activity sequence for the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 was H2-Co/CNT > 3-Co/CNT > H3-Co/CNT > 2-Co/CNT. Meanwhile, our investigation of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with four catalysts elucidated the influence of acidic conditions on the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction process. Specifically, controlling the acidity of the solution was crucial when using the H3-Co/CNT and H2-Co/CNT catalysts, while the 3-Co/CNT and 2-Co/CNT catalysts were almost unaffected by the solution's acidity. We hope that our research will provide a theoretical foundation for designing more effective CO2 reduction electrocatalysts.

Carbon emission potential of new energy vehicles under different electricity structures.

New energy vehicles have a significant impact on reducing green house gas (GHG) emissions in the transportation sector, but the ability of new energy vehicles to reduce emissions under various development scenarios and electricity energy mix needs to be studied in depth. In this research, a GRA-BiLSTM model is constructed to predict the ownership of new energy vehicles by three scenario settings. Then, the structure of the future energy generation is forecast using a regression model. Finally, the carbon emissions under different energy structures are quantified and compared based on the prediction results, focusing on their carbon emission effects. The results show that in 2035, under three different development scenarios, the new energy vehicle ownership will reach 5711, 18122.76, and 218.93 million units, and the carbon emissions will be 60.897 billion kg, 193.246 billion kg, and 233.451 billion kg, respectively, based on the future energy development structure, accounting for 86% of the carbon emissions from the existing power generation structure. The carbon emission potential of new energy vehicles depends to a large extent on the future scenario of the power generation mix as well as the market for new energy vehicle ownership.

Case report: Urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis with trophoblastic differentiation: A rare case report and review of literature.

We report a rare case of urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the renal pelvis with trophoblastic differentiation that occurred in a 55-year-old male patient. The patient presented with gross hematuria and paroxysmal lumbago pain 5 months ago. The enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated a large space occupying lesion in the left kidney and multiple retroperitoneal lymph node enlargements. Histologically, high-grade infiltrating urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) contained giant cells which were positive for beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (ß-hCG). Three weeks after resection, positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET-CT) scan showed multiple nodules of metastasis in the left renal region, extensive systemic muscle, bone, lymph node, liver and bilateral lung metastases. The patient underwent bladder perfusion chemotherapy and gemcitabine combined with cisplatin chemotherapy regimens. This is the eighth documented case of UC of the renal pelvis with trophoblastic differentiation. Due to its rarity and extremely poor prognosis, it is important to clarify the characteristics of the disease and make an accurate and prompt diagnosis.

Three megastigmane glycosides from the stem of Mallotus barbatus.

Three undescribed megastigmane glycosides, mallbarbalosides A-C (1-3) together with 3 known analogues (4-6) were isolated from the stem of Mallotus barbatus. Their structures were elucidated using extensive NMR spectroscopic methods (1D and 2D-NMR spectroscopy) and HRESIMS spectroscopic data analyses. The absolute configurations of the undescribed compounds were determined by the experimental circular dichroism spectroscopy. All the compounds were tested for their inhibitory effects on the production of NO in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells, and they showed no inhibitory effect to NO release.

Feasibility for the application of expanded endoscopic resection criteria in mucosal undifferentiated gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND & AIM: The indication of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for mucosal undifferentiated early gastric cancer (EGC) remains controversial because of risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM). The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for lymph node metastasis (LNM) in mucosal undifferentiated EGC, and further to confirm feasibility of the ESD for the treatment of mucosal undifferentiated EGC. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed data of patients who underwent surgical resection with lymph node dissection of T1a stage primary gastric adenocarcinoma at three medical centers between 2012 and 2022. We evaluated the frequency of lymph node metastasis and the associated risk factors, as well as the lymph node metastasis rate in the expanded indication of mucosal undifferentiated EGC. RESULTS: A total of 100 surgically treated patients with mucosal undifferentiated EGC were enrolled. LNM was irrelevant to the age, tumor size, location, and macroscopic type (all P > 0.05), while it was significantly associated with lymphovascular invasion (LVI, P ＜0.001). And logistic regression analysis showed that the LVI was the only significant risk factors for LNM (OR: 0.34, 95%CI: 0.06-0.204; P ＜0.001). Of 44 mucosal undifferentiated EGC patients satisfying the expanded indication of ESD, 3 patients (6.8%) showed LN metastasis, all of them with undifferentiated cancer without ulceration, less than 2.0 cm in size. CONCLUSIONS: Because LNM is present in mucosal undifferentiated EGC patients who satisfied the expanded indication of ESD, ESD cannot be considered a better choice than surgery for all undifferentiated EGC patients. LVI was significant risk factors for LNM in patients with mucosal undifferentiated EGC.