Association between workplace health promotion service utilisation and depressive symptoms among workers: a nationwide survey.

OBJECTIVES: Workplace-related factors are associated with the risk of depression. Despite implementation of workplace health promotion (WHP) programmes in China to promote the physical and mental well-being of workers, the relationship between WHP and depression has received limited attention. This study investigated the association between WHP service utilisation and depressive symptoms among workers. STUDY DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional survey. METHODS: A researcher-designed questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic and occupational characteristics, WHP service utilisation, and mental health status. The Lasso method was used for variable selection to achieve dimension reduction, and logistic regression was used to assess the association between WHP service utilisation and depressive symptoms. RESULTS: The analysis included 11,710 workers, of whom 17.0% had depressive symptoms. Lasso regression resulted in 6 of 18 WHP services showing significant negative associations with depressive symptoms, including occupational safety training, mental health services, health check-ups, sports activities, fitness rooms, and healthy canteens. The logistic regression results showed that, after adjusting for sociodemographic and occupational factors, utilisation of these six services was associated with a decreased likelihood of depressive symptoms. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was 0.84 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73-0.96) for occupational safety training, aOR: 0.82 (95% CI: 0.68-0.99) for mental health services, aOR: 0.80 (95% CI: 0.71-0.90) for health check-ups, aOR: 0.68 (95% CI: 0.57-0.80) for sports activities, aOR: 0.59 (95% CI: 0.47-0.74) for fitness rooms and aOR: 0.72 (95% CI: 0.59-0.87) for healthy canteens. CONCLUSIONS: Utilisation of WHP services was associated with a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms. Implementation of WHP services and the provision of a supportive workplace environment should be prioritised to benefit the mental health of workers.

A 2-bp deletion in intron 1 of TMEM182 is associated with TMEM182 mRNA expression and chicken body weight.

1. Searching for molecular markers related to growth and carcase traits plays a critical role in improvement of the production performance of broilers. Previous studies found that transmembrane protein 182 (TMEM182) inhibits skeletal muscle development, growth, and regeneration, implying that the TMEM182 gene plays an important role during the development process of skeletal muscle.2. A novel 2-bp indel in intron 1 of TMEM182 was detected in a yellow chicken population derived from the cross of White Recessive Rock chickens with Xinghua chickens, and three genotypes II (inserted homozygote), ID (inserted and deleted heterozygote) and DD (deleted homozygote) were observed. Association analyses indicated that the indel was significantly associated with the body weight, muscle fibre area, breast muscle weight and wing weight in the F2 population.3. The expression of TMEM182 in leg muscle of chickens with II genotype was higher than that with DD genotype, with the 2-bp indel located in one of the putative PAX4 binding sites. Further research through luciferase assays revealed that the PAX4 could bind to the putative binding site and increase the TMEM182 transcription, with the 2-bp deletion disrupting the binding of PAX4.4. The present study provides evidence for the association of the novel 2-bp indel in intron 1 of TMEM182 with the growth and carcase traits of chickens. This 2-bp indel could be used as a genetic marker in broiler breeding.

[The predictive value of serum alkaline phosphatase combined with parathyroid hormone in all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients].

To analyze the predictive value of serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in maintaining hemodialysis (MHD) patients. A total of 224 MHD patients were prospectively investigated and followed up for 2 years. Serum iPTH levels were not associated with all-cause death and cardiovascular death (HR=1.001, 95%CI 1.000-1.004, P=0.048) . The level of serum ALP was associated with cardiovascular death (HR=1.002, 95%CI 1.000-1.004, P=0.033) . ALP≥106 IU/L was an independent risk factor for cardiovascular death in MHD patients (P<0.05) . The joint variable was correlated with mortality in MHD patients (HR=1.002, 95%CI 1.000~1.004, P=0.033) , that equal or over 37.28 was an independent risk factor for mortality (P<0.05).

Clinical and genetic features of patients with facial-sparing facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Facial-sparing scapular myopathy (SHD) is the most common atypical form of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), clinically defined as without apparent facial muscle weakness on neurological examination. The clinical profiles and genetic features of SHD are limited. METHODS: A cohort of 21 Chinese patients with SHD were confirmed by molecular genetic analysis based on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The clinical assessments and methylation analysis were noted. RESULTS: The patients had FSHD-related EcoRI fragments with 4qA haplotype ranging from 18 kb to 33 kb (mean 26.3 ± 4.6 kb). The mean onset age was 25.52 ± 8.3 years. Over half of the patients had scapular winging and asymmetry weakness consistent with FSHD, without facial symptoms during their visit. Their facial electromyogram results were almost normal or mild myogenic damage, as well as the myopathology and serum creatine kinase. A conflict was unexpectedly found in intergenerational DR1 methylation analysis. CONCLUSION: Facial-sparing scapular myopathy is characterized as mild myopathic symptoms and chronic progression of weakness. The diagnosis should be accurately confirmed through FSHD-sized fragment detection and 4qA/B variant determination. Although the next generations of SHD had more severe muscular symptoms, local hypomethylation within D4Z4 was not found as a modifier for clinical heterogeneity.

The investigation of genetic and clinical features in Chinese patients with juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (JALS) occurs at an age of onset below 25 years with a heterogeneous disease onset location, variable progression and survival time. To investigate whether an ALS gene profile could resolve any aspects of clinical symptom heterogeneity, we have used targeted sequencing technology in a cohort of 12 JALS patients of Chinese descent. We detected 5 likely pathogenic mutations, 2 in familial probands and 3 in sporadic patients. One was a known TARDBP mutation (p.G348V) and 4 were FUS frameshift mutations including a known p.Gln519Ilefs*9 mutation and 3 novel mutations, p.Gly515Valfs*14, p.Gly486Profs*30, and p.Arg498Alafs*32. Of the 4 FUS mutations, 2 were able to be confirmed as de novo mutations. The TARDBP mutation carrier showed a classic ALS phenotype. All patients with FUS mutations experienced limb weakness at an early age and developed bulbar symptoms during the disease course. FUS mutations have previously been associated with increased JALS disease progression, however, we found a large range 12 to 84 months in disease survival (mean 58.2 months). Our results justify future screening for variants in FUS as it remains the most frequent genetic determinant of early onset, JALS (found in 30% of our patients).

[Short-term outcomes and long-term quality of life after undergoing radical proximal gastrectomy with esophageal gastric tube anastomosis and total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis for Siewert type II and III adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction: A propensity score matching analysis].

Objective: To evaluate the effects on short-term clinical outcomes and long-term quality of life of laparoscopic-assisted radical proximal gastrectomy with esophageal gastric tube anastomosis versus total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis for adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction. Methods: This was a propensity score matching, retrospective, cohort study. Clinicopathological data of 184 patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction admitted to two medical centers in China from January 2016 to January 2021 were collected (147 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and 37 in the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University). All patients had undergone laparoscopic-assisted radical gastrectomy. They were divided into two groups based on the extent of tumor resection and technique used for digestive tract reconstruction. A proximal gastrectomy with reconstruction by esophageal gastric tube anastomosis group comprised 82 patients and a total gastrectomy with reconstruction by Roux-en-Y anastomosis group comprised 102 patients. These groups differed significantly in the following baseline characteristics: age, preoperative hemoglobin, preoperative albumin, tumor length, tumor differentiation, and tumor TNM stage (all P<0.05). To eliminate potential bias caused by unequal distribution between the two groups, 1∶1 matching was performed by the nearest neighbor matching method. The 13 matched variables comprised sex, age, height, body mass, body mass index, preoperative glucose, preoperative hemoglobin, preoperative total protein, preoperative albumin, neoadjuvant radiotherapy, tumor length, degree of differentiation, and pathological TNM stage. Postoperative complications, postoperative nutritional status, incidence of reflux esophagitis 1 year after surgery, and quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results: After propensity score matching, 60 patients each were enrolled in the proximal gastrectomy with esophageal gastric tube anastomosis and total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis groups. The baseline characteristics were comparable between these groups (all P>0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in operative time, intraoperative bleeding, time to semifluid diet, postoperative hospital days, tumor length, and total hospital costs (P>0.05). Patients in the proximal gastrectomy with esophageal gastric tube anastomosis group had earlier postoperative gastric tube and abdominal drainage tube removal time than those in the total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis group (t=-2.183, P=0.023 and t=-4.073, P<0.001, respectively). In contrast, significantly fewer lymph nodes were cleared and significantly fewer lymph nodes were positive in the proximal gastrectomy with esophageal gastric tube anastomosis group than in the total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis group (t=-5.754, P<0.001 and t=-2.575, P=0.031, respectively). The incidence of early postoperative complications was 43.3% (26/60) in the total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis group; this is not significantly higher than the 26.7% (16/60) in the proximal gastrectomy with esophageal gastric tube anastomosis group (χ2=3.663，P=0.056). The incidences of pulmonary infection (31.7%, 19/60) and pleural effusion (30.0%, 18/60) were significantly higher in the total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis group than in the proximal gastrectomy with esophageal gastric tube anastomosis group (13.3%, 8/60 and 8.3%, 5/60, respectively); these differences are significant (χ2=8.711, P=0.003 and χ2=11.368, P=0.001, respectively). All early complications were successfully treated before discharge. The incidence of long-term postoperative complications was 20.0% (12/60) in the total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis group and 35.0% (21/60) in the proximal gastrectomy with esophageal gastric tube anastomosis group; this difference is not significant (χ2=3.386，P=0.066). The incidence of reflux esophagitis was 23.3% (14/60) in the proximal gastrectomy with esophageal gastric tube anastomosis group; this is significantly higher than the 1.7% (1/60) in the total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis group (χ2=12.876, P<0.001). Body mass index had decreased significantly in both groups 1 year after surgery compared with preoperatively; however, the difference between the two groups was not significant (P>0.05). The differences in hemoglobin and albumin concentrations between 1 year postoperatively and preoperatively were not significant (both P>0.05). Quality of life was assessed using the Visick grade. Visick grade I dominated in both groups. The percentage of patients with Visick II and III in the total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis group was 11.7% (7/60), which is significantly lower than the 33.3% (20/60) in the proximal gastrectomy with esophageal gastric tube anastomosis group (χ2=8.076, P=0.004). No patients in either group had a grade IV quality of life. Conclusions: Both proximal gastrectomy with esophageal gastric tube anastomosis and total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis laparoscopic-assisted radical surgery for adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction are safe and feasible. However, both procedures have their own advantages and disadvantages in terms of postoperative complications. The incidence of reflux esophagitis is higher after proximal gastrectomy with esophageal gastric tube anastomosis, whereas the long-term quality of life is lower than that of patients after total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis.

A comparison of quality of life and satisfaction of women with early-stage breast cancer treated with breast conserving therapy vs. mastectomy in southern China.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of life (QoL) and overall satisfaction with treatment of women with stage T1-2N0M0 breast cancer treated with breast conserving therapy (BCT) or mastectomy (MAS) in southern China. METHODS: Functional assessment of cancer therapy-breast, traditional Chinese version 4 (FACT-B), was administered to 180 patients with stage T1-2N0M0 breast cancer (82 BCT and 98 MAS) treated between July 2000 and July 2008. RESULTS: The two groups differed in tumor pathology and how axillary lymph nodes were treated (sentinel node biopsy vs. dissection), while other disease and socioeconomic characteristics were similar. The median follow-up after completion of radiotherapy was 60 months in the BCT group, and 65 months in the MAS group. The scores of the physical, functional, and emotional domains and breast-specific concerns of FACT-B were not significantly different between the groups. The social domain score of the BCT group was significantly greater than those of the MAS group. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who underwent BCT did not report better QoL than those who received MAS, but BCT patients experienced easier social adjustment.

Definitive concomitant chemoradiotherapy with docetaxel and cisplatin in squamous esophageal carcinoma.

Chemoradiotherapy is a standard treatment for esophageal carcinoma. This study evaluated the docetaxel-based definitive concomitant chemoradiotherapy in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma to determine its clinical response and overall survival. In this unicenter trail, we enrolled 59 patients with histologically proven squamous cell carcinoma in the esophagus between March 2004 and December 2007. All patients were staged II to IV and treated with definitive concomitant chemoradiotherapy. Radiotherapy was delivered with conventional fraction, 50-64 Gy in 25-35 fractions. Patients received two cycles of a 1-day regimen containing docetaxel (60 mg/m(2)) and cisplatin (80 mg/m(2)) every 3 weeks during the period of radiotherapy. The chemoradiotherapy was applied as planned in all patients and the median chemotherapy delay time was 6 days (ranging from 2 to 8 days). The overall response rate for 59 evaluable patients was 98.3%, with 42 complete responses and 26 partial responses. During the follow-up time (median 18 months, 4 approximately 53 months), the median overall survival time was 22.6 months. The rate of locoregional progression-free survival, progression-free survival, and overall survival in 3 years was 59.6%, 29.2%, and 36.7%, respectively. Hematologic toxicity Grade 3 and Grade 4 were observed in 39.0% and 20.3% of patients respectively, with severe non-hematologic acute toxicity being infrequent. Eleven patients had pleural effusion after chemoradiotherapy and four of them required therapeutic thoracentesis. Definitive concomitant chemoradiotherapy with docetaxel and cisplatin in squamous cell esophageal carcinoma was associated with a satisfactory outcome and manageable toxicity.

MicroRNA-338 inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells by the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE: Emerging evidence suggests aberrant microRNAs (miRNAs) expression is involved in cancer development through multiple. Although miR338 has shown to have tumor suppression ability and anti-migration effects in some cancers, its regulatory role and molecular mechanism in the development of gastric cancer cells yet remains little known. This work aims to investigate miR-338 in regulating Wnt/ß-catenin pathway in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in gastric cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human gastric cancer cells were transfected with either miR-338 mimic or erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular (Eph)A2-targeting siRNA. The biological function of miR-338 in gastric cancer cells was investigated using a MTT assay and invasion assay. Western blot assay was used to measure the levels of EphA2, GSK-3ß, phospho-GSK-3ßSer9, c-Myc, E-cadherin, Vimentin, and ß-catenin of at protein level. RESULTS: Our data showed that miR-338 inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of human gastric cancer cells. miR-338 affected the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway by increasing p-GSK-3ßSer9 and decreasing GSK-3ßSer9 and c-Myc at protein levels. EphA2 protein level was downregulated and positively correlated with EMT markers. Both silencing of EphA2 and transfection with miR-338 mimic resulted in the up-regulation of the EMT molecular marker E-cadherin and down-regulation of Vimentin and ß-catenin at protein levels. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated that miR-338 is a potential tumor suppressor in gastric cancer and miR-338 inhibited EMT of gastric cancer cells through deactivation of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling targeting at EphA2.

A smoking cessation intervention among tuberculosis patients in rural China.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the integration of a smoking cessation intervention into routine tuberculosis (TB) services. METHOD: Consecutive TB patients registered from 1 March to 31 August 2010 were enrolled in an intervention for self-reported smoking to promote tobacco cessation during treatment for TB. Information on the harmful health effects of tobacco smoke and smoking and TB were provided to TB patients who self-reported as current smokers. Smoking status was reassessed at every follow-up visit during anti-tuberculosis treatment with reinforced health messages and advice to quit. RESULTS: Of 800 TB patients enrolled, 572 (71.5%) were male and 244 (30.5%) were current smokers. Females were more likely to be non-smokers (100% vs. 35.8%, P < 0.001). Of the 244 current smokers, 144 (59.0%) started smoking at <20 years, 197 (80.7%) consumed ⩾20 cigarettes per day, 211 (86.5%) had perceived smoking dependence and 199 (81.6%) had made no attempt to quit before the diagnosis of TB. Of the 244 current smokers, 234 (95.9%) were willing to quit, and 156 (66.7%) reported abstinence at month 6. Challenges to implementing smoking cessation intervention were identified. CONCLUSION: The majority of current smokers among TB patients were willing to quit and remained abstinent at the end of anti-tuberculosis treatment. This intervention should be scaled up nationwide.

Objectif : Evaluer la possibilité d'intégrer une intervention d'arrêt du tabac dans les services de routine de la tuberculose (TB).Méthode : Les patients tuberculeux consécutifs inscrits entre le 1e mars et le 31 août 2010 ont été enrôlés dans une intervention visant à promouvoir l'arrêt du tabac chez ceux qui disaient fumer pendant le traitement de leur TB. Des informations sur les effets sanitaires dangereux de la fumée de tabac et sur le fait de fumer en étant tuberculeux ont été fournies aux patients qui se sont dit fumeurs actuels. Le statut en matière de tabac a été réévalué à chaque visite de suivi pendant le traitement antituberculeux avec des messages sanitaires renforcés et des conseils visant à l'arrêt.Résultats : Sur 800 patients TB enrôlés, 572 (71,5%) étaient des hommes et 244 (30,5%) étaient des fumeurs actuels. Les femmes étaient plus souvent non fumeuses (100% contre 35,8% ; P < 0,001). Des 244 fumeurs actuels, 144 (59,0%) avaient commencé à fumer avant 20 ans, 197 (80,7%) consommaient ⩾20 cigarettes par jour, 211 (86,5%) étaient conscients de leur dépendance au tabac et 199 (81,6%) n'avaient jamais essayé d'arrêter avant le diagnostic de TB. Des 244 fumeurs actuels, 234 (95,9%) voulaient arrêter et 156 (66,7%) ont déclaré être toujours abstinents à 6 mois. Les défis à la mise en œuvre d'une intervention d'arrêt du tabac ont été identifiés.Conclusion : La majorité des fumeurs actuels parmi les patients TB voulaient arrêter et sont restés abstinents à la fin du traitement antituberculeux. Cette intervention devrait être étendue au pays tout entier.

Objetivo: Evaluar la utilidad de la integración de las intervenciones de promoción del abandono del tabaquismo en los servicios ordinarios de atención de la tuberculosis (TB).Métodos: Se inscribieron de manera consecutiva los pacientes con diagnóstico de TB y tabaquismo actual del 1° de marzo al 31 de agosto del 2010 en una intervención cuyo objeto era a promover el abandono del hábito tabáquico durante el tratamiento antituberculoso. Se suministró información acerca de los efectos deletéreos del humo del tabaco sobre la salud y de la asociación del tabaquismo y la TB a los pacientes que autorrefirieron un tabaquismo actual. En cada consulta de seguimiento durante el tratamiento se evaluó de nuevo la situación frente al tabaco, se reforzaron los mensajes sobre la salud y se reiteró el consejo de abandonar el hábito.Resultados: De los 800 pacientes con TB inscritos, 572 fueron de sexo masculino (71,5%) y 244 eran fumadores actuales (30,5%). Las mujeres fueron con mayor frecuencia no fumadoras (100% contra 35,8%; P < 0,001). De los 244 fumadores actuales, 144 habían comenzado a fumar antes de los 20 años de edad (59,0%), 197 consumían ⩾20 cigarrillos por día (80,7%), 211 habían percibido la dependencia al tabaquismo (86,5%) y 199 nunca habían intentado abandonar el hábito antes del diagnóstico de TB (81,6%). De los 244 fumadores actuales, 234 estaban dispuestos a abandonar el tabaco (95,9%) y 156 notificaron abstinencia al sexto mes (66,7%). Se pusieron de manifiesto obstáculos a la aplicación de la intervención en favor del abandono del tabaquismo.Conclusión: En su mayoría, los fumadores actuales entre los pacientes con diagnóstico reciente de TB estaban dispuestos a abandonar el tabaquismo y cumplieron con la abstinencia hasta el final del tratamiento antituberculoso. Se debería ampliar la aplicación de esta intervención a escala nacional.

The anti-leukaemic effects and the mechanism of sodium selenite.

The anti-proliferative effects of selenium were studied both in vivo and in vitro. At a selenium concentration of 0.6 micrograms/ml, cells from patients with ALL-L1, L2 and AML-M1, M3 and M5 were more sensitive than cells from patients with CML. Cells from patients with AML-M2, CLL and leukaemic lymphoma were least sensitive. Normal bone marrow or peripheral blood cells were not sensitive to selenium at this concentration. In the mouse leukaemia models (L797, L615, L7712), the sensitivity of leukaemic cells were: L797 (93% cytotoxicity) greater than L615 (49.7% cytotoxicity) greater than L7712 (4.4% cytotoxicity). Sodium selenite injected i.p. increased the longevity of L797-inoculated mice. Administration of 40 micrograms selenium daily for 7 days resulted in a significant increase in the longevity of mice inoculated with 10(5) L797 cells. However, no remarkable increase of the longevity was observed in either L615- or L7712-inoculated mice after treatment with sodium selenite for 7 days. Treatment of the HL-60 leukaemic cell line with selenium caused a dose- and time-related decrease in DNA, RNA and protein syntheses as measured by [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-uridine and [3H]-leucine uptake respectively. The inhibitory effect of selenium on DNA synthesis was reversed when selenium was removed from the medium, demonstrating that selenium-induced inhibition of DNA synthesis was due to interference with DNA biosynthesis rather than DNA template damage. These results suggest that the anti-leukaemic effect of sodium selenite is associated with inhibition of DNA replication, transcription and translation.

Preliminary fluorimetric screening of fourteen palladium complexes as potential antitumor agents.

Making use of the fact that the combination of a drug substance with DNA may inhibit the duplication, synthesis and proliferation of DNA and the consistency of the in vivo and in vitro interactions, the authors worked out a preliminary screening method for testing complex agents as potential antitumor drugs using ethidium bromide as a fluorescence probe. In this report, the method was applied for in vitro testing fourteen synthesized palladium(II)/phenanthroline/amino acid/chloride complexes as potential non-platinum antitumor agents. The fluorimetric screening method was compared with methylene blue tube test and trypan blue dye exclusion assay. All three methods gave agreeable results. Among the complexes tested, [Pd(phen)(lys)]Cl, [Pd(phen)(arg)]Cl and [Pd(phen)(pro)]Cl showed antineoplastic ratios for animal tumor S-180 56%, 50% and 48%, respectively, in accordance with the order of their binding constants with DNA, 7.96 x 10(6), 4.52 x 10(6) and 1.0 x 10(6), respectively. The test results show that fluorimetric method is simple, cheap and rapid, suitable for preliminary screening of antitumor complexes.

Accumulation of additive effects generates a strong photoperiod sensitivity in the extremely late-heading rice cultivar 'Nona Bokra'.

Many rice cultivars that originated from lower-latitude regions exhibit a strong photoperiod sensitivity (PS) and show extremely late heading under long-day conditions. Under natural day-length conditions during the cropping season in Japan, the indica rice cultivar 'Nona Bokra' from India showed extremely late heading (202 days to heading) compared to the japonica cultivar 'Koshihikari' (105 days), from Japan. To elucidate the genetic factors associated with such extremely late heading, we performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses of heading date using an F(2) population and seven advanced backcross progeny (one BC(1)F(2) and six BC(2)F(2)) derived from a cross between 'Nona Bokra' and 'Koshihikari'. The analyses revealed 12 QTLs on seven chromosomes. The 'Nona Bokra' alleles of all QTLs contributed to an increase in heading date. Digenic interactions were rarely observed between QTLs. Based on the genetic parameters of the QTLs, such as additive effects and percentage of phenotypic variance explained, these 12 QTLs are likely generate a large proportion of the phenotypic variation observed in the heading dates between 'Nona Bokra' and 'Koshihikari'. Comparison of chromosomal locations between heading date QTLs detected in this study and QTLs previously identified in 'Nipponbare' x 'Kasalath' populations revealed that eight of the heading date QTLs were recognized nearby the Hd1, Hd2, Hd3a, Hd4, Hd5, Hd6, Hd9, and Hd13. These results suggest that the strong PS in 'Nona Bokra' was generated mainly by the accumulation of additive effects of particular alleles at previously identified QTLs.

The primary structure of the mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx, Primates) hemoglobin.

The complete primary structure of the hemoglobin from the Mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx, Primates) is presented. This hemoglobin comprises two components in approximately equal amounts (HB I and Hb II). The alpha-chains differ in positions 5 (A3) and 9 (A7) having Ala and Asn in the alpha I-chains and Asp and His in the alpha II-chains. The beta-chains are identical. The components could be separated by DEAE-Sephacel chromatography. The globin chains were obtained by carboxymethylcellulose chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography. The sequences were established by automatic liquid or gas phase Edman degradation of the chains and their tryptic peptides. The alpha-chains show 9 and 11 and the beta-chains 8 exchanges compared with the corresponding human chains, respectively. In the beta-chains one alpha 1/beta 1- and one alpha 1/beta 2-contact is substituted. A comparison of the primary structures of the Mandrill hemoglobin chains with those of other species of the Cercopithecidae family shows that Mandrillus sphinx should be placed between Cercopithecus and Macaca on one side and Papio, Theropithecus and Cercocebus on the other.

Identification of a set of RFLP probes for subspecies differentiation in Oryza sativa L.

Sixty-eight indica-japonica tester-differentiating RFLP probes were tested in seven indica and seven japonica varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) with four enzyme digestions (EcoRI, EcoRV, HindIII and DraI). Twenty-one DNA clones were isolated as indica-japonica subspecies-differentiating probes. A set of 13 probes was established as core probes for subspecies differentiation and a pooled blotting analysis was carried out to facilitate the application of RFLP in rice genetics and breeding practice. A dendrogram of 12 wide-compatibility varieties was constructed based on RFLPs detected by 13 core probes with single enzyme digestions. It was speculated that most RFLPs of indica-japonica differentiating probes were generated by insertions/deletions, which may be of great significance for the origin and differentiation of subspecies in Oryza sativa L.

A new immunostimulatory complex (PICKCa) in experimental rabies: antiviral and adjuvant effects.

The activity of an immunostimulatory complex (PICKCa) which is widely used against several human diseases in China was tested in experimental rabies prophylaxis. PICKCa protected mice against peripheral infection with both fixed and wild rabies strains. It also enhanced the protective activity of an experimental rabies vaccine injected either before or after rabies infection. PICKCa enhanced both non-specific immune responses and specific immunity including antibody production and cell mediated immunity as assessed by interleukin-2 production.

Carnivora: the primary structure of the common otter (Lutra lutra, Mustelidae) hemoglobin.

The hemoglobin of the Common Otter (Lutra lutra, Carnivora) contains only one component. The complete primary structures of the alpha- and beta-chains are presented. They were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography and the sequences determined by automatic liquid and gas-phase Edman degradation of the chains and their tryptic peptides. The alpha-chains show 18 and the beta-chains 13 substitutions compared to human alpha- and beta-chains, respectively. In the alpha-chains one heme- and two alpha 1/beta 1-contacts are exchanged. In the beta-chains the replacements involve one heme-, one alpha 1/beta 1-, and one alpha 1/beta 2-contact. The alpha- and beta-chains of the Common Otter are compared to those of other Carnivora hemoglobins. The unexpected low number of substitutions between Common Otter hemoglobin and that of Lesser Panda as well as of Harbor Seal is discussed.

Carnivora: the primary structure of the Pacific Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens, Pinnipedia) hemoglobin.

The primary structure of the alpha- and beta-chains of the hemoglobin from the Pacific Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens, Pinnipedia) is presented. Sequence analysis revealed only one hemoglobin component whereas two bands were found in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The globin chains were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography and the sequences determined by automatic liquid- and gas-phase sequencing of the chains and their tryptic peptides. The alpha-chains show 20 and the beta-chains 12 exchanges compared to the corresponding human chains. In the alpha-chains one heme- and two alpha 1/beta 1-contacts were exchanged whereas in the beta-chains one alpha 1/beta 1-, one alpha 1/beta 2-and one heme-contact are substituted. Compared to Harbour Seal (Phoca vitulina) the Walrus hemoglobin shows 9 amino-acid replacements in the alpha-chains and 5 in the beta-chains. The relation between Pinnipedia and Arctoidea is discussed.

Carnivora: the primary structure of Weddell Seal (Leptonychotes weddelli, Pinnipedia) hemoglobin.

The hemoglobin of Weddell Seal (Leptonychotes weddelli, Pinnipedia) comprises two components with identical beta-chains. The alpha-chains differ in positions 15 (Gly/Asp) and 57 (Ala/Thr). We present the primary structure of the chains which have been separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The sequences have been determined by automatic Edman-degradation with the film-technique or the gas-phase method, using the native chains and the tryptic peptides of the oxidized chains. Compared to the corresponding human chains we found 22 substitutions in the alpha-chains and 14 in the beta-chains. In the alpha-chains exchanges involve one heme- and three alpha 1/beta 1-contacts. In the beta-chains one heme contact, one alpha 1/beta 1- and one alpha 1/beta 2-contacts are substituted. The sequences are compared to those of other Pinnipedia and Arctoidea hemoglobins.