Risk factor analysis of femoral avascular necrosis after operation for Tönnis grade IV developmental dysplasia of the hip.

PURPOSE: We explored the risk factors for avascular necrosis (AVN) after surgery using open reduction, pelvic osteotomy, and femoral osteotomy for Tönnis grade IV developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). METHODS: In this retrospective study, we collected data of patients with Tönnis grade IV DDH treated with open reduction and pelvic osteotomy combined with femoral osteotomy from January 2012 to May 2020. The patients were divided into the AVN group and non-AVN group using the Kalamchi-MacEwen classification system. The clinical and imaging data of the two groups were collected, and the possible risk factors were included in the analysis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the independent risk factors and odds ratios of AVN. RESULTS: In all, 254 patients (mean age; 2.6±0.9 years, 278 hips) were included. The mean follow-up time was 3.8±1.5 years. A total of 89 hips (32%) were finally classified as AVN (Kalamchi-MacEwen II-IV). Univariate analysis showed significant associations with AVN for age (p=0.006), preoperative femoral neck anteversion (FAV) (p<0.001), femoral osteotomy length to dislocation height ratio (FDR) <1 (p<0.001), and the epiphyseal ossific nucleus diameter to the neck diameter ratio (ENR) <50% (p=0.009). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only excessive preoperative FAV (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.02-1.05; p<0.001) and FDR<1 (OR: 3.58; 95% CI: 2.03-6.31; p<0.001) were independent risk factors for femoral head necrosis. CONCLUSION: Excessive preoperative FAV and FDR<1 are important risk factors for femoral AVN after open reduction, pelvic osteotomy, and femoral osteotomy for Tönnis grade IV DDH. For children with DDH with high dislocation and excessive FAV, clinicians should fully evaluate their condition and design more personalized treatment programs to prevent AVN.

Diagnostic Efficacy of High-frequency Ultrasound (HFU) in Early Diagnosis of Congenital Hip Dysplasia.

BACKGROUND: Hip dysplasia is one of the most prevalent disorders in children and one of the three primary congenital orthopedic deformities. Although there are numerous existing methods (e.g., CT, MRI and arthrography) for early identification of hip dysplasia, their diagnostic criteria differ widely. It is critical to establish a safe, accurate, and reliable way for early diagnosis and treatment of hip dysplasia. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of high-frequency ultrasound (HFU) for congenital developmental hip dysplasia and hip dislocation and to provide a reference for the early diagnosis of congenital hip dysplasia in the future. METHODS: A total of 104 infants and children suspected of having congenital hip dislocation or developmental hip dysplasia admitted to our hospital from April 2019 to August 2022 were enrolled as study subjects. All the infants and children were subjected to HFU and X-ray examination in our hospital. The diagnostic efficacy of HFU for congenital hip dysplasia was observed using X-ray as the gold standard. RESULTS: HFU confirmed 79 cases of congenital hip dysplasia, while X-ray confirmed 71 cases. The sensitivity and specificity of HFU were 77.42% and 83.33%, respectively, in the diagnosis of congenital developmental hip dysplasia, 76.47% and 96.55% in the diagnosis of congenital hip dislocation, and 77.22% and 60% in the diagnosis of congenital hip abnormality, which is very close to the gold standard. According to statistics on infants and children, the majority of patients were girls, and the left joint was more likely to be affected. CONCLUSION: HFU has excellent diagnostic efficiency for congenital developmental hip dysplasia and hip dislocation, which can be considered an early assessment method for congenital hip dysplasia in the future.

A new technique of intramedullary elastic reduction of the "de-sharpened" Kirschner wire for the treatment of Gartland type III posterolateral displaced supracondylar fracture of the humerus in children.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical effects of intramedullary elastic reduction of the "de-sharpened Kirschner wire and traditional three-dimensional manipulation in the treatment of Gartland type III posterolateral supracondylar fracture of the humerus in children. METHODS: A retrospective cohort analysis was made on 106 cases of Gartland type III posterolateral supracondylar fracture of the humerus treated in the Department of Orthopaedics of a Children's Hospital from March 2020 to March 2022. According to different surgical technology, the patients were divided into two groups: intramedullary elastic reduction of the de-sharpened Kirschner wire group (experimental group, n = 50) and traditional three-dimensional manipulation group (control group, n = 56). The surgical operating time, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, postoperative Baumann angle changes, postoperative elbow function Flynn score, and complications were collected and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: All the enrolled cases underwent surgery successfully and were followed-up at least 6 months. The surgical operating time of the experimental group was 32.88 ± 3.69 min and that of the control group was 45.56 ± 10.13 min, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The intraoperative fluoroscopy times were 20.62 ± 5.41 times in the experimental group and 32.48 ± 8.20 times in the control group (P < 0.05). The change of Baumann angle in the experimental group after operation was 2.3 ± 1.3 and that in the control group was 6.0 ± 2.1 (P < 0.5). Elbow joint Flynn scoring standard to evaluate the curative effect: the excellent and good rate was 98.00% (49/50) in the experimental group and 92.86% (52/56) in the control group (P > 0.5). There were no complications such as osteomyelitis, compartment syndrome, iatrogenic vascular and nerve injury, and myositis ossificans in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Good functional outcome can be obtained with both intramedullary elastic reduction of the de-sharpened Kirschner wire and traditional three-dimensional manipulation for Gartland type III posterolateral displaced supracondylar fracture of the humerus in children; however, the former does not need repeated manipulation, and the operation time is shorter, the number of intraoperative fluoroscopy is less, and the recovery of the Baumann angle is better.

The identification of a N6-methyladenosin-modifed immune pattern to predict immunotherapy response and survival in urothelial carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Dysregulation of the immune system and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) contribute to immune therapy resistance and cancer progression in urothelial carcinoma (UC). This study aims to identify immune-related molecules, that are m6A-modified, and that are associated with tumor progression, poor prognosis, and immunotherapy response. METHODS: We identified prognostic immune genes (PIGs) using Cox analysis and random survival forest variable hunting algorithm (RSF-VH) on immune genes retrieved from the Immunology Database and Analysis Portal database (ImmPort). The RM2Target database and MeRIP-seq analysis, combined with a hypergeometric test, assessed m6A methylation in these PIGs. We analyzed the correlation between the immune pattern and prognosis, as well as their association with clinical factors in multiple datasets. Moreover, we explored the interplay between immune patterns, tumor immune cell infiltration, and m6A regulators. RESULTS: 28 PIGs were identified, of which the 10 most significant were termed methylated prognostic immune genes (MPIGs). These MPIGs were used to create an immune pattern score. Kaplan-Meier and Cox analyses indicated this pattern as an independent risk factor for UC. We observed significant associations between the immune pattern, tumor progression, and immune cell infiltration. Differential expression analysis showed correlations with m6A regulators expression. This immune pattern proved effective in predicting immunotherapy response in UC in real-world settings. CONCLUSION: The study identified a m6A-modified immune pattern in UC, offering prognostic and therapeutic response predictions. This emphasizes that immune genes may influence tumor immune status and progression through m6A modifications.

The interaction effect of depressive symptoms and inflammation on the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases.

BACKGROUND: Whether there was an interaction effect between depressive symptoms and inflammation on the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) was unclear. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 3346 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to explore the associations of depressive symptoms or inflammation with CVDs. The attributable proportion of interaction (API), and synergy index (SI) were applied for evaluating the statistical significance of the interaction effect. RESULTS: Depressive symptoms were associated with 2.31-fold risk of CVDs [odds ratio (OR) = 2.31, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.47-3.62). The increased risk of CVDs was observed in people with neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) ≥1.88 group (OR = 1.36, 95%CI: 1.01-1.85) and neutrophil/[white blood cell (WBC)-neutrophil] ≥1.35 (OR = 1.52, 95%CI: 1.12-2.07) after adjusting for confounders. The interaction effect of depressive symptoms and high NLR on the risk of CVDs was statistically significant with an OR value of 2.60 (95%CI: 1.43-4.70) compared to low NLR and no depressive symptoms group after adjusting for confounders. The API was 0.66 (95%CI: 0.44-0.89) and SI was 4.23 (95%CI: 2.08-8.59). The interaction effect of depressive symptoms and high neutrophil/(WBC-neutrophil) was associated with the risk of CVDs compared to low neutrophil/(WBC-neutrophil) and no depressive symptoms group (OR = 3.59, 95%CI: 2.00-6.45). The API was 0.78 (95%CI: 0.63-0.93) and SI was 6.75 (95%CI: 3.55-12.82). CONCLUSION: There was an interaction effect of depressive symptoms and inflammation on the occurrence of CVDs.

circPHF16 suppresses prostate cancer metastasis via modulating miR-581/RNF128/Wnt/ß-catenin pathway.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been recognized as important regulators in tumorigenesis. However, the specific role of circRNAs in prostate cancer is still largely unknown. Here, we identified that circPHF16 was downregulated in prostate cancer (PCa) tissues compared with normal tissues. Functionally, circPHF16 restrained prostate cancer metastasis both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, circPHF16 directly interacted with miR-581, leading to the downregulation of ring finger protein 128 (RNF128) and inhibiting the metastatic ability of PCa. Furthermore, circPHF16-dependent upregulation of RNF128 inactivated Wnt/ß-catenin signaling. In total, our findings revealed that circPHF16 suppressed prostate cancer metastasis through the circPHF16/miR-581/Wnt/ß-catenin pathways.

HIF1A-repressed PUS10 regulates NUDC/Cofilin1 dependent renal cell carcinoma migration by promoting the maturation of miR-194-5p.

BACKGROUND: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is characterized by a high rate of distant metastasis, which leads to poor prognosis in patients with advanced RCC. PUS10 has been recognized as a member of the pseudouridine synthase family, and recently other functions beyond the synthesis of the RNA modification have been uncovered. However, little is known about its role in diseases such as cancer. METHODS: RT-qPCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to measure the expression of PUS10 in RCC tissues. Transwell assay, wound healing assay, and in vivo metastasis model were conducted to determine the function of PUS10 in RCC progression. MicroRNA sequencing and GEO database were used to screen for the downstream microRNAs of PUS10. RNA immunoprecipitation, dual luciferase reporter assay, immunostaining, and rescue experiments were employed to establish the PUS10/miR-194-5p/nuclear distribution protein C(NUDC)/Cofilin1 axis in RCC migration. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual luciferase reporter assay were used to verify its upstream transcriptional regulator. RESULTS: The expression of PUS10 was significantly decreased in RCC tissues, and low expression predicted poor prognosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that PUS10 suppressed RCC migration, which, however, was independent of its classical pseudouridine catalytic function. Mechanically, PUS10 promoted the maturation of miR-194-5p, which sequentially inhibited RCC migration via disrupting NUDC-dependent cytoskeleton. Furthermore, hypoxia and HIF-1 A were found involved in the downregulation of PUS10. CONCLUSION: We unraveled PUS10 restrained RCC migration via the PUS10/miR-194-5p/NUDC/Cofilin1 pathway, which independent of its classical catalytic function. Furthermore, a linkage between the critical tumor microenvironment hallmark with malfunction of the forementioned metastasis inhibition mechanism was presented, as demonstrated by repressed expression of PUS10 due to hypoxia and HIF-1A.

Exosomes in Genitourinary Cancers: Emerging Mediators of Drug Resistance and Promising Biomarkers.

Drug resistance presents a major obstacle in the treatment of genitourinary cancers. Exosomes as the medium of intercellular communication serve important biological functions and play essential roles in pathological processes, including drug response. Through the transfer of bioactive cargoes, exosomes can modulate drug resistance via multiple mechanisms. This review attempts to elucidate the mechanisms of exosomal cargoes with reference to tumor drug resistance, their role in genitourinary cancers, and their potential clinical applications as candidate biomarkers in liquid biopsy.

Exosome-derived circTFDP2 promotes prostate cancer progression by preventing PARP1 from caspase-3-dependent cleavage.

BACKGROUND: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to play a significant role in tumorigenesis. However, the detailed function of circRNA in prostate cancer (PCa) is still largely unknown. METHODS: We quantified circTFDP2 expression in PCa tissues and adjacent normal tissues using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Colony formation, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry, transwell, and in vivo progression and metastasis assays were applied to reveal the proliferation and metastatic abilities of circTFDP2 in PCa cells. Mass spectrometry, RNA pulldown, RNA-immunoprecipitation (RIP), western blotting and immunofluorescence were used for the mechanistic studies. qRT-PCR and RIP assays were used to explore the regulatory role of eIF4A3 in the biogenesis of circTFDP2. Finally, functional assays showed the effect of circTFDP2-containing exosomes on PCa cell progression. RESULTS: circTFDP2 was upregulated in PCa tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Furthermore, high circTFDP2 expression was positively correlated with the Gleason score. Functionally, circTFDP2 promoted PCa cell proliferation and metastasis both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, circTFDP2 interacted with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) protein in its DNA-binding domain to prevent it from active caspase-3-dependent cleavage, and finally relieved PCa cells from DNA damage. In addition, RNA-binding protein eIF4A3 can interact with the flanking region of circTFDP2 and promote the biogenesis of circTFDP2. Moreover, exosome-derived circTFDP2 promoted PCa cell progression. CONCLUSIONS: In general, our study demonstrated that circTFDP2 promoted PCa cell progression through the PARP1/DNA damage axis, which may be a promising therapeutic target for PCa.

Comprehensive analysis of subtypes and risk model based on complement system associated genes in ccRCC.

BACKGROUND: Immune therapy is widely used in treating clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), yet identifying patient subgroups that are expected to response remains challenging. As complement system can mediate immune effects, including the progression of tumors, a correlation between complement system and immune therapy may exist. METHODS: Based on 11 complement system associated genes (CSAGs) identified from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we performed unsupervised clustering and classified the tumors into two different complement system (CS) patterns. The clinical significance, tumor microenvironment (TME), functional enrichment, and immune infiltration were further analyzed. A novel scoring system named CSscore was developed based on the expression levels of the 11 CSAGs. RESULTS: Two distinct CS patterns were identified, classified as Cluster1 and Cluster2, and Cluster1 showed poor clinical outcome. Further analysis of functional enrichment, immune cell infiltration, and genetic variation revealed that Cluster1 had high infiltration of TME immune cells, but also exhibited high immune escape. The novel prognostic model, CSscore could act as an independent prognostic factor and effectively predict patients' prognosis and distinguish the therapeutic efficacy of different immune treatment strategies. The pan-cancer analysis of the CSscore indicates its potential to be further generalized to other types of cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Two distinct CS patterns were identified and were further analyzed in terms of infiltration of TME immune cells and immune escape, providing potential explanations for the impact on prognosis of ccRCC. Our CSscore prognostic model may offer a novel perspective in the management of ccRCC patients, and potentially other types of cancer as well.

Newly discovered circRNAs in rheumatoid arthritis, with special emphasis on functional roles in inflammatory immunity.

Circular RNA (circRNA) is a unique type of endogenous RNA. It does not have free 3 'or 5' ends, but forms covalently closed continuous rings. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic autoimmune joint disease, characterized by chronic inflammation of the joint synovial membrane, joint destruction, and the formation of pannus. Although the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis remains incompletely understood, a growing amount of research shows that circRNA has a close relationship with RA. Researchers have found that abnormally expressed circRNAs may be associated with the occurrence and development of RA. This article reviews the inflammatory immune, functions, mechanisms, and values of the circRNAs in RA to provide new ideas and novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of RA.

To study the mechanism of Scutellariae Radix and Astragaloside in the treatment of lung cancer based on network pharmacology.

The aim of the study wasto explore the target and potential mechanism of Scutellariae Radix and Astragaloside in the treatment of lung cancer infection by network pharmacology. The target information of baicalein and flavonin was mined from CTD database and Swiss database. Genecards database, DRUGBANK database, and OMIM database were used to search for lung cancer related genes. The target protein network map (PPI) was drawn by using the STRING database analysis and Cytoscape3.7.1 software. With the help of Perl language, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis and gene function analysis (GO) enrichment analysis were carried out by using the biological program package of R language. In total, 347 biological targets of Astragaloside and Scutellariae Radix were identified through the collection and analysis of multiple databases. In total, 1526 lung cancer targets were obtained from a multi-disease database. The "component-target" network of Astragaloside and Scutellariae Radix was constructed, and the protein interaction network (PPI) of the overlapping targets was analyzed to identify the key targets of drug-influenced diseases. In addition, KEGG pathway analysis and GO enrichment analysis were performed on the overlapping targets to explore the mechanism of Scutellariae Radix and Astragaloside in the treatment of lung cancer. Scutellariae Radix and Astragaloside have the characteristics of multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway in the treatment of lung cancer, which provides a new idea and scientific basis for further research on the molecular mechanism of the antilung cancer effect of Scutellariae Radix and Astragaloside.

Effects of slice thickness on CT radiomics features and models for staging liver fibrosis caused by chronic liver disease.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of slice thickness on CT radiomics features and models for staging liver fibrosis. METHODS: A total of 108 pathologically confirmed liver fibrosis patients from a single center were retrospectively collected and divided into different groups. Both thick (5- or 7-mm) and thin slices (1.3- or 2-mm) were analyzed. A fivefold cross-validation with 100 repeats was conducted. The minimum redundancy-maximum relevance algorithm was used to reduce the radiomics features, and the top 10 ranking features were included for further analysis for each loop. The random forest was used for model establishment. The models with median AUC were selected for the assessment of the discriminative performance for both datasets. Mutual features selected by the models with AUC > 0.8 were searched and considered as the most predictive ones. RESULTS: A total of 162 and 643 radiomics features with excellent reliability were selected from thick- and thin-slice datasets, respectively. The overall discriminative performance of the 500 AUCs from the thin-slice dataset was better than the thick slice. The median AUC values of the thick-sliced datasets were significantly lower than those of the thin-sliced datasets (0.78 and 0.90 for differentiating F1 vs. F2-4, 0.72 and 0.85 for differentiating F1-2 vs. F3-4, both P = 0.03). For differentiating F1-3 vs. F4, no significant difference was found (0.85 vs 0.94, P = 0.15). Six mutual predictive features across all the datasets were found. CONCLUSIONS: The radiomics features extracted from thin-slice images and their corresponding models were better and more stable for staging liver fibrosis.

Adding fuel to the fire: The lipid droplet and its associated proteins in cancer progression.

A lipid droplet (LD) is an organelle that consists of a phospholipid monolayer and a neutral lipid core, with proteins embedded in or attached to its surface. Until recently, cancers had long been regarded as genetic disorders with the abnormal activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes before their quality of a metabolic disorder began to be recognized. The last decade has witnessed the recognition of several metabolic characteristics of cancer cells, among which one is the accumulation of lipid droplets; therefore, attention has been given to exploring the role of LDs in carcinomas. In addition, there has been a remarkable expansion in understanding the complexity of LD's function in cellular homeostasis, including but not limited to energy supply, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress management, or lipotoxicity alleviation. Thus, lipid droplet-associated proteins, which to a great extent determine the dynamics of a lipid droplet, have attracted the interest of numerous cancer researchers and their potential as cancer diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets has been affirmed by emerging evidence. In this review, we systematically summarize the critical role of LDs in cancer and then focus on four categories of lipid droplet-associated proteins having the most direct influence on LD biosynthesis (diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2)), degradation (adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL)), and two renowned protein families on the LD surface (perilipins and cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor alpha-like effectors (CIDEs)). In this way, we aim to highlight their important role in tumor progression and their potential in clinical applications.

circPDE5A regulates prostate cancer metastasis via controlling WTAP-dependent N6-methyladenisine methylation of EIF3C mRNA.

BACKGROUND: Circular RNA (circRNA) is a novel class noncoding RNA (ncRNA) that plays a critical role in various cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). However, the clinical significance, biological function, and molecular mechanisms of circRNAs in prostate cancer remain to be elucidated. METHODS: A circRNA array was performed to identified the differentially expressed circRNAs. circPDE5A was identified as a novel circRNA which downregulated in clinical samples. Functionally, the in vitro and in vivo assays were applied to explore the role of circPDE5A in PCa metastasis. Mechanistically, the interaction between circPDE5A and WTAP was verified using RNA pulldown followed by mass spectrometry, RNA Immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. m6A methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) was then used to identified the downstream target of circPDE5A. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP) and dual-luciferase reporter assay were used to identified transcriptional factor which regulated circPDE5A expression. RESULTS: circPDE5A was identified downregulated in PCa tissues compared to adjacent normal tissue and was negatively correlated with gleason score of PCa patients. circPDE5A inhibits PCa cells migration and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. circPDE5A blocks the WTAP-dependent N6-methyladenisine (m6A) methylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3c (EIF3C) mRNA by forming the circPDE5A-WTAP complex, and finally disrupts the translation of EIF3C. Moreover, the circPDE5A-dependent decrease in EIF3C expression inactivates the MAPK pathway and then restrains PCa progression. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that FOXO4-mediated upregulation of circPDE5A controls PCa metastasis via the circPDE5A-WTAP-EIF3C-MAPK signaling pathway and could serve as a potential therapeutic targer for PCa.

A Combination Model of Radiomics Features and Clinical Biomarkers as a Nomogram to Differentiate Nonadvanced From Advanced Liver Fibrosis: A Retrospective Study.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To develop and validate a combination model of radiomics features and clinical biomarkers to differentiate nonadvanced from advanced liver fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and eight consecutive patients with pathologically diagnosed liver fibrosis were randomly placed in a training or a test cohort at a ratio of 2:1. For each patient, 1674 radiomics features extracted from portal venous phase CT images were reduced by using minimum redundancy and maximum relevant. The optimal features identified were incorporated into the radiomics model. Eight clinical markers were evaluated. Integrated with clinical independent risk factors, a combination model was built. A nomogram was also established from the model. The performance of the models was assessed. Finally, a decision curve analysis was performed to estimate the clinical usefulness of the nomogram. RESULTS: The radiomics model established using five features achieved a promising level of discrimination between nonadvanced and advanced liver fibrosis. The combination model incorporated the radiomics signature with two clinical biomarkers and showed good calibration and discrimination. The training and testing cohort results of the radiomics model were area under curve values 0.864 and 0.772, accuracy 77.8% and 77.8%, sensitivity 86.7% and 73.1%, and specificity 71.4% and 90.0%, respectively. For the combination model, the training and testing cohort results were area under curve values 0.915 and 0.897, accuracy 83.3% and 86.1%, sensitivity 86% and 80.6%, and specificity 82.6% and 92.3%, respectively. The decision curve indicated the nomogram has potential in clinical application. CONCLUSION: This combination model provides a promising approach for differentiating non-advanced from advanced liver fibrosis.

[Human bone marrow derived multipotent adult progenitor cells differentiating into hepatocyte-like cells after being induced by co-culturing with human hepatocyte line L02].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possibility of marrow derived multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) differentiating into hepatocytes by co-culturing with human hepatocyte line L02, and to evaluate the potential use of MAPCs in tissue-engineering either experimentally or clinically. METHODS: (1) Co-culturing without cell-to-cell contact: MAPCs and L02 hepatocytes were spread on coverslips separately (both with a cell density of 1x10(5)/ml), and then they were put in a culture dish (10 cm). The expressions of Alb, AFP, CK18, and CK19 in MAPCs were detected by immunocytochemistry at different time points. A separate culture of L02 hepatocytes served as a positive control and a separate culture of MAPCs served as a negative control. (2) Co-culturing with cell-to-cell contact: MAPCs labeled with CFSE were mixed with L02 hepatocytes (both with a cell density of 1x10(4)/ml), and then the mixed cells were seeded on specific dishes for detection by laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). Five days later, the cells were double-stained with SABC-Cy3. The expressions of Alb, AFP, CK18 in MAPCs were observed under LSCM. Similarly, separately cultured L02 hepatocytes served as a positive control and separately cultured MAPCs served as a negative control. RESULTS: (1) Results of co-culturing without cell-to-cell contact: On the first day, the MAPCs expressed a high level of AFP. Then AFP expression tapered daily and there was hardly any expression of AFP on day 7. The expression of Alb was very weak on day 1, but increased significantly by day 3, reached its peak on day 5, and still maintained a high level on day 7. The initial expression of CK18 appeared on day 5 and reached a higher level on day 7. The expression of CK19 was always negative. The positive control cells had a high expression of Alb and CK18, while there was a weak expression of AFP and a negative expression of CK19. The negative control cells had no expressions for the four markers. (2) Results of co-culturing with cell-to-cell contact: On day 5, there were three colors of fluorescence under LSCM: yellow cells were MAPCs differentiating into hepatocytes; green cells were undifferentiated MAPCs; red cells were L02 hepatocytes. The result showed that Alb and CK18 were expressed in many cells and AFP appeared in only a few cells. CONCLUSION: Human MAPCs can be induced to differentiate into mature hepatocyte-like cells by co-culturing with L02 hepatocytes, either with or without cell-to-cell contact, but the former way may be more effective.

[Effect of intermittent pneumatic compression on coagulation function and deep venous hemodynamics of lower limbs after rectal cancer resection].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) on coagulation function, deep venous hemodynamics and prevention of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of lower limbs in patients after rectal cancer resection. METHODS: A total of 120 patients undergoing rectal cancer resection were randomly divided into non-IPC group (control group, n=60) and IPC group (n=60). The control group received routine treatment after resection and the IPC group received IPC based on the routine treatments. Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (FIB), international normalized ratio (INR) and volume of D-dimer (D-D) were detected before operation and 1-, 3-, 5- and 7-day after operation. Meanwhile, blood flow velocity and caliber of external iliac vein, femoral vein and popliteal vein were examined by color Doppler ultrasound, then the average blood flow velocity and blood flow volume were calculated. RESULTS: Incidence of lower limb DVT was 13.3% (8/60) and 1.7% (1/60) in control group and IPC group respectively with significant difference (P<0.05). The differences in PT, APTT and INR were not significant (P>0.05) at 1-day after operation as compared to the preoperative level, while FIB and D-D both increased (P<0.05), all presented no significant difference among the two groups (P>0.05). PT shortened gradually (P<0.05), APTT and INR did not change significantly (P>0.05), FIB and D-D increased gradually (P<0.05), and no significant differences were found between the two groups at the same time point (all P>0.05). All the above parameters in the control group were significantly lower than those in IPC group (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: IPC can improve hemodynamics indexes of deep veins of lower limb in patients after rectal cancer operation, and prevent the lower limb DVT. IPC is a safe, simple and convenient physical therapy.