Effect of physical therapy on bone remodelling in preterm infants: a multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Preterm infants have a low level of bone mineralization compared to those born at term, since 80% of calcium incorporation occurs at the end of pregnancy. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of reflex locomotion therapy on bone modeling and growth in preterm infants and to compare its effect with those of other Physiotherapy modalities. METHODS: A multicentre randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted (02/2016 - 07/2020). 106 preterm infants born at the Virgen de la Arrixaca University Clinical Hospital, the General University Hospital of Elche and the Torrecárdenas University Hospital of Almería, between 26 and 34 weeks with hemodynamic stability, complete enteral nutrition and without any metabolic, congenital, genetic, neurological or respiratory disorders were evaluated for inclusion. Infants were randomly assigned to three groups: one group received reflex locomotion therapy (EGrlt); another group received passive mobilizations with gentle joint compression (EGpmc); and the control group received massage (CG). All treatments were carried out in the neonatal units lasting one month. The main outcome measure was bone formation and resorption measured with bone biomarkers. A mixed ANOVA was used to compare the results of bone biomarkers, and anthropometric measurements. RESULTS: Infants were randomized to EGrlt (n = 38), EGpmc (n = 32), and CG (n = 36). All groups were similar in terms of gender (p = 0.891 female 47.2%), gestational age (M = 30.753, SD = 1.878, p = 0.39) and birth weight (M = 1413.45, SD = 347.36, p = 0.157). At the end of the study, significant differences were found between the groups in their interaction in bone formation, measured with osteocalcin [F (2,35) = 4.92, p = 0.013, ηp2 = 0.043], in benefit of the EGrlt. CONCLUSIONS: Reflex locomotion therapy has been effective in improving bone formation, more so than other Physiotherapy modalities. Therefore, reflex locomotion therapy could be considered one of the most effective physiotherapeutic modalities for the prevention and treatment of osteopenia of prematurity. TRIAL REGISTRSTION: Trial retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. First posted on 22/04/2020. REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04356807 .

Agreement Between Self-Reported and Device-Based Sedentary Time among Eight Countries: Findings from the ELANS.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the agreement between self-reported and device-based sedentary time among eight countries in Latin America. As part of the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS), data were collected from 2524 participants (18-65 years) across eight countries. Participants reported time spent sedentary in different activities (computer use at home, videogame use, reading, sitting down to chat with friends/relatives or listening to music, speaking on the phone, watching TV, and riding in a car). Overall sitting time was assessed using a single item from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Device-based sedentary time was assessed using Actigraph GT3X accelerometers. Self-reported overall sitting time (227.1 min/day) produced the lowest values of the three assessment methods, followed by self-reported sum of different types of sedentary behavior (364.1 min/day) and device-based sedentary time (568.6 min/day). Overall, correlation coefficients and ICC varied from weak to moderate (rho: 0.25-0.39; ICC: 0.21:0.39) between self-reported sum of different types of sedentary behavior, self-reported overall sitting time, and device-based sedentary time. The Bland-Altman plots indicated low to moderate agreement between self-reported overall sitting time and device-based sedentary time by sex. Self-report measures underestimate sedentary behavior and overall sitting time when compared with device-based measures. The weak and moderate level of agreement between methods indicates that caution is required when comparing associations between different self-report and device-based measures of sedentary behavior with health outcomes.

Can coca leaves contribute to improving the nutritional status of the Andean population?

BACKGROUND: Coca leaves (Erythroxylum coca) have been promoted as a food that could address the dietary deficiencies of the Andean population, but this is based on nutrient analyses of a small sample of leaves. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the nutritional potential of eight samples of coca leaves grown in different regions of Peru. METHODS: We used AOAC techniques to measure nutrients, nutrient inhibitors (phytate, polyphenols, oxalic acid, and fiber), and alkaloid concentrations, all expressed per 100 g dry weight (DW) of the ground leaves. Minerals were measured by inductively coupled lasma- mass spectrometry in n twondependent laboratories. RESULTS: The leaves contained protein, , 20.28 g/1 0DW with lysine as the limiting amino acid; n-cbetarotene, 3.51 mg/100gDW ; vitamin E, 16.72 mg/100gDW ; trace amounts of vitamin D; calcium, 990.18 and 1033.17 mg/100 gDW at two different laboratories; iron, 29.16 and 29.16 mg/100 gDW; zinc, 2.71 and 2.63 mg/100 gDW; and magnesium, 225.19 and 196.69 mg/l001gDW Cocaine was the principal alkaloid, with a concentration of 0.56 g/100 gDW; other alkaloids were also identified. The results were compared with those for other edible leaves. The nutrient contributions of coca powder (5 g) and bread made with coca were compared with those of normal portions of alternative foods. CONCLUSIONS: Two spoonfuls of coca leaf flour would satisfy less than 10% of dietary intakes for schoolchildren and adults for critical commonly deficient nutrients in the diet. Coca leaves do not provide nutritional benefits when eaten in the recommended quantities, and the presence of absorbable cocaine and other alkaloids may be potentially harmful; hence coca leaves cannot be recommended as a food.

Prevalence and determinants of misreporting of energy intake among Latin American populations: results from ELANS study.

Underreporting and overreporting of energy intake (EI) have been recognized as potential sources of bias. Dietary data mainly rely on proxy respondents, but little is known about the determinants of misreporting of EI among Latin American (LA) populations. This study was conducted using data from the multicenter Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health that consisted of information about sociodemographics, physical activity, and dietary intake from 9218 individuals aged 15 to 65 years who were living in urban areas in 8 LA countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela). Goldberg methodology was applied to classify the participants into categories of overreporter (OR), plausible reporter (PR), or underreporter (UR) of EI. Associations between misreporting and covariates were examined by the Kruskal-Wallis test, logistic regression, and linear regression. The prevalence of UR was 12.1% and OR was 14.1%. Costa Rica had the highest percentage of UR (24.4%) and the lowest of OR (7.3%), and Colombia had the lowest of UR (5.7%) and the highest of OR (22.4%). Furthermore, underreporters were more likely to be females from older groups with minimal education, white, physically active, overweight or obese, and living in Costa Rica. Overreporters were more likely to be younger, single, of low socioeconomic level, nonwhite, physically active, underweight or with normal weight, and from Colombia. The results demonstrated that sex, age, race, education status, and nationality seemed to influence the reporting behavior, which is essential to correctly interpreting potentially biased associations between diet and health outcomes, and improving nutritional interventions and public health policies.

Psychometric properties of the love attitudes scale in Peruvian undergraduate students / Propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Atitudes sobre o Amor (LAS) em universitários peruanos / Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Actitudes sobre el Amor (LAS) en universitarios peruanos

Abstract The aim of this article was to analyze the construct validity and reliability of the Love Attitude Scale (LAS, Hendrick & Hendrick, 1986). The sample consisted of 381 undergraduate students (61.7 % of them women) between the ages of 17 and 25 years old. The LAS and the I- PANAS - SF (adapted by Gargurevich, 2010) that evaluates positive and negative affect were applied. The exploratory factor analysis resulted in six factors (Eros, Ludus, Storge, Pragma, Mania and Ágape), that explained 47.87 % of the total variance. The correlations between the score of Eros and Pragma styles and positive affect were positive and significant; while Manía and Ludus styles had positive and significant relationships with negative affect. Reliability by the method of internal consistency of the six factors found was from .62 to .85; while the stability coefficients for test- retest method were .44 to .77. These results allow concluding that the LAS and their scores are valid and reliable to measure attitudes toward love in the college population of Lima.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a validade de construto e a confiabilidade da Escala de Atitudes sobre o Amor (Love Attitudes Scale [LAS]) de Hendrick e Hendrick (1986). A amostra foi composta por 381 estudantes universitários de Lima, Peru (61.7 % mulheres) de 17 a 25 anos. Além da LAS, foi aplicado o I-PANAS-SF adaptado por Gargurevich (2010), o qual avalia efeito positivo e negativo. Como resultados, a análise fatorial exploratória da LAS mostrou uma solução de seis fatores (eros, agape, ludus, storge, mania epragma) que explicaram 47.87 % da variação total. As correlações entre as pontuações dos estilos eros epragma e o afeto positivo foram positivas e significativas; enquanto os estilos mania e ludus tiveram correlações positivas e significativas com o afeto negativo. Utilizando o método de consistência interna, a confiabilidade dos seis fatores encontrados foi de .62 a .85; enquanto, com o método teste-reteste, os coeficientes de estabilidade foram de .44 a .77. Esses resultados permitem concluir que a LAS e suas pontuações são uma medida válida e confiável para medir as atitudes sobre o amor na população de universitários de Lima.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la validez de constructo y la fiabilidad de la Escala de Actitudes sobre el Amor (Love Attitudes Scale [LAS]) de Hendrick & Hendrick (1986). La muestra estuvo compuesta por 381 estudiantes universitarios de Lima, Perú, (61.7 % mujeres) de entre 17 y 25 años de edad. Aparte del LAS, se aplicó el I-PANAS-SF adaptado por Gargurevich (2010), el cual evalúa el afecto positivo y negativo. Como resultados, el análisis factorial exploratorio del LAS arrojó una solución de seis factores (Eros, Ludus, Storge, Pragma, Manía y Ágape) que explicaron el 47.87 % de la varianza total. Las correlaciones entre las puntuaciones de los estilos Eros y Pragma y el afecto positivo fueron positivas y significativas; mientras que los estilos Manía y Ludus tuvieron correlaciones positivas y significativas con el afecto negativo. Utilizando el método de consistencia interna, la fiabilidad de los seis factores encontrados fue de .62 a .85; mientras que con el método test-retest, los coeficientes de estabilidad fueron de .44 a .77. Estos resultados permiten concluir que el LAS y sus puntuaciones son una medida válida y fiable para medir las actitudes hacia el amor en la población de universitarios de Lima, Perú.

Ruptura do músculo papilar anterolateral em paciente com endocardite infecciosa e doença valvar mitral reumática: rlato de caso / Anterolateral papillary muscle rupture in association with mitral rheumatic disease and infectious endocarditis: case report

Apesar de pouco frequente, a ruptura de músculo papilar é uma condição associada à regurgitação mitral importante, sendo causa grave de insuficiência cardíaca aguda, necessitando de diagnóstico e intervenção cirúrgica precoce. Neste relato, apresentamos um caso de paciente portador de febre reumática associado à endocardite infecciosa, que evoluiu com insuficiência mitral importante, secundária à ruptura do músculo papilar anterolateral.

Although its low frequency, the papillary muscle rupture is a condition associated with severe mitral regurgitation and cause of acute heart failure and need for urgent surgical intervention. We present a case of severe mitral regurgitation due to the anterolateral papillary muscle rupture secondary to rheumatic mitral valve disease and infectious endocarditis.

Continuing health education: the experience of social work with Family Health Teams / Educação permanente em saúde: a experiência do serviço social com Equipes Saúde da Família

Continuing Health Education provides for building collective knowledge within health services and has in Family Health Multidisciplinary Residency the potential for creating moments of reflection. Continuing education workshops were conducted with professionals from a Family Health Unit in the northern region of Londrina/Paraná, where a team of residents was working. This study structures thoughts on the role of social workers in these workshops, especially the discussions of a socio-political nature, in which the social worker was a facilitator. It was conducted using the participant research technique, lasted for ten months and the subjects were health workers at the above-mentioned unit. It can be concluded from the findings that socio-political reflections were not carried out with the necessary amplitude for these services and that social workers can contribute so that these can be affirmed as elements for changing the way health care is provided.

A Educação Permanente em Saúde prevê a construção de conhecimentos de forma coletiva no interior dos serviços de saúde e tem na Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Família potencial para a criação de momentos reflexivos. Foram realizadas oficinas de educação permanente com os profissionais de uma Unidade Saúde da Família da região norte de Londrina/PR, local em que atuou uma equipe de residentes. Esse estudo estrutura reflexões sobre a atuação do assistente social nessas oficinas, sobretudo, as discussões de caráter sociopolítico, em que, o assistente social foi facilitador. Foi realizado sob a técnica de pesquisa. participante, se estendeu por dez meses e os sujeitos foram os trabalhadores da referida unidade. Infere-se nas conclusões que reflexões sociopolíticas, não têm sido realizadas com a dimensão necessária nestes serviços e que o assistente social pode contribuir para que se afirmem enquanto elementos de mudança no fazer saúde.

Aldosterona e os sistemas cardiovascular e renal: do diagnóstico ao tratamento / Aldosterone and the cardiovascular and renal systems: from diagnosis to treatment

O sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona (SRAA) vem despertando cada vez mais interesse em relação a seus efeitos no sistema cardiovascular. Atualmente, crescentes avanços nos estudos clínico-experimentais têm proporcionado melhor esclarecimento da fisiopatologia desse sitema, com ênfase no papel da aldosterona como indutora de lesão de órgaos-alvo...

Saúde e participação popular em questão

Este livro, concebido sob o signo da interrogação e da inquietação, faz um exame rigoroso do Programa Saúde da Família na realidade da Estância Turística de Santa Fé do Sul (SP). A autora parte de pesquisa documental, de investigação com usuários e profissionais e de sua participação direta, procurando discutir problemas surgidos com a implantação do Programa Saúde da Família, enfatizando sobretudo o papel do assistente social na equipe desse programa, bem como sua contribuição para a saúde pública no Brasil.