[A case-control study: association between oral hygiene and oral cancer in non-smoking and non-drinking women].

Objective: To evaluate the influence of oral hygiene on risk of oral cancer in non-smoking and non-drinking women. Methods: From September 2010 to February 2016, 242 non-smoking and non-drinking female patients with pathologically confirmed oral cancer were recruited in a hospital of Fuzhou, and another 856 non-smoking and non-drinking healthy women from health examination center in the same hospital were selected as control group. Five oral hygiene related variables including the frequency of teeth brushing, number of teeth lost, poor prosthesis, regular dental visits and recurrent dental ulceration were used to develop oral hygiene index model. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was used to evaluate the predictability of the oral hygiene index model. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between oral hygiene index and the incidence of oral cancer. Results: Teeth brushing <2 twice daily, teeth lost ≥5, poor prosthesis, no regular dental visits, recurrent dental ulceration were risk factors for the incidence of oral cancer in non-smoking and non-drinking women, the corresponding OR (95%CI) were 1.50 (1.08-2.09), 1.81 (1.15-2.85), 1.51 (1.03-2.23), 1.73 (1.15-2.59), 7.30 (4.00-13.30), respectively. The AUROC of the oral hygiene index model was 0.705 9, indicating a high predictability. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the oral hygiene index was associated with risk of oral cancer. The higher the score, the higher risk was observed. The corresponding OR (95%CI) of oral hygiene index scores (score 1, score 2, score 3, score 4-5) were 2.51 (0.84-7.53), 4.68 (1.59-13.71), 6.47 (2.18-19.25), 15.29 (5.08-45.99), respectively. Conclusion: Oral hygiene could influence the incidence of oral cancer in non-smoking and non-drinking women, and oral hygiene index has a certain significance in assessing the combined effects of oral hygiene.

[Pickled food, fish, seafood intakes and oral squamous cell carcinoma: a case-control study].

Objective: To investigate the effects between fish, seafood and pickled food intakes on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: A case-control study was carried out in Fujian area during September 2010 to December 2016, in which 604 newly diagnosed primary OSCC cases confirmed by pathological diagnosis were collected from hospital and 1 343 control subjects were enrolled from community and healthy hospital population. Demographic data, history of smoking drinking and tea drinking, oral hygiene status and dietary behaviors (fish, seafood and pickled food intakes) were collected by in-person interviews using a standard questionnaire.Using unconditional logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the effects of fish, seafood and pickled food intakes on OSCC. Analysis stratified by smoking, alcohol drinking and bad prosthesis to explore the possible difference in association between subgroups. Multiplicative interactions and additive interactions between fish and bad prosthesis, seafood and alcohol drinking, pickled food and bad prosthesis were assessed by unconditional logistic regression, relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) and synergy index (S). Results: The average age of case group and control group were separately (58.69±13.92) years old and (59.27±11.37) years old (χ(2)=4.75, P=0.191). The people whose fish and seafood intakes ≥3 times/week had the lower risk of OSCC, the adjusted OR (95%CI) values were 0.63 (0.52-0.77) and 0.51 (0.41-0.64); The stratified analysis indicated that the people having bad prosthesis had the lower risk of OSCC if they eating fish ≥3 times/week, and the adjusted OR (95%CI) values was 0.53 (0.39-0.71); the people having bad prosthesis had the higher risk of OSCC if they eating pickled food ≥3 times/week, the adjusted OR (95%CI) values was 1.37 (1.02-1.88). Regularly eating seafood can decrease the risk of OSCC for non-smokers, smokers, non-drinkers, drinkers, people without bad prosthesis and had bad prosthesis, the adjusted OR (95%CI) values were 0.49 (0.36-0.68), 0.52 (0.37-0.73), 0.41 (0.31-0.55), 0.77 (0.51-0.96), 0.49 (0.36-0.67), 0.59 (0.42-0.83). Crossover analysis showed fish and bad prosthesis exist multiplication interaction relationship (adjusted OR=0.66, 95%CI: 0.44-0.97) and additional interaction relationship (RERI=-0.81, 95%CI:-1.43--0.19; AP=-0.76, 95%CI:-1.35--0.17; S=0.08, 95%CI: 0.01-0.98); pickled food and bad prosthesis exist multiplication interaction relationship (adjusted OR=1.63, 95%CI: 1.06-2.51) and addition interaction relationship (RERI=0.65, 95%CI:0.08-1.22; AP=0.36, 95%CI:0.10-0.62; S=5.19, 95%CI:1.32-54.49). Conclusion: Reducing the consumption of pickled food, quitting smoking and limiting alcohol consumption, and regularly eating fish and seafood can prevent the occurrence of OSCC.

[Clinical values of multimodal preventive analgesia in patients with partial hepatectomy for liver cancer].

Objective: To investigate the clinical values of multimodal preventive analgesia in patients with partial hepatectomy for liver cancer. Methods: A perspective study was conducted to collect data of patients with liver cancer who underwent partial hepatectomy from March 2014 to March 2015.The 90 patients involved in the study were randomly divided into two groups as multimodal analgesia and control groups, and each group had 45 cases. In multimodal analgesia group, 40 mg parecoxib sodium was injected intravenously 30 minutes before anesthetic induction, and 0.375% ropivacaine 150 mg combined with dexamethasone 5 mg were applied to transversus abdominis plane block before closing abdomen.The patients in control group without above treatment. Patient controlled intravenous analgesia was used in all patients. Three days after surgery, 40 mg parecoxib sodium was injected intravenously, twice a day for all patients.Visual analogue scales (VAS) was used to evaluate postoperative pain, and postoperative adverse events were observed.The number of cases of postoperative ambulation (>6 h for every day), time of flatus and defecation, and duration of hospital stay were recorded in two groups.Pearson chi-square test was used to compare the rate or constituent ratio between two groups.Independent sample t test or Mann-Whitney U was used to analyzed the measurement data between two groups. Results: There were no difference between two groups in aging, gender, weight, body mass index, ASA classification, blood loss volume, time of operation(all P>0.05). The scores of VAS in multimodal analgesia group was significantly lower than that in control group(3.0±0.8 vs. 4.6±1.1, t=7.814, P<0.01 for day 1; 2.2±1.0 vs. 3.6±1.2, t=5.825, P<0.01 for day 2; 1.6±0.8 vs. 2.4±1.2, t=3.894, P<0.01 for day 3). The number of cases of postoperative ambulation(>6 h) in multimodal analgesia group was significantly more than that in control group (10 cases vs. 0 case, χ(2)=11.250, P<0.01 for day 1; 21 cases vs. 5 cases, χ(2)=13.846, P<0.01 for day 2; 28 cases vs. 17 cases, χ(2)=5.378, P =0.020 for day 3). The time of flatus and defecation, and duration of hospital stay were significantly shorter than that in control group((30.2±7.3) hours vs. (36.4±7.0)hours, t=4.115, P<0.01 for flatus; (50.9±5.2)hours vs. (60.7±7.3)hours, t=7.346, P<0.01 for defecation; (6.2±0.8)days vs. (9.6±1.1)days, t=16.615, P<0.01 for hospital stay). Conclusion: Multimodal preventive analgesia effectively alleviate the postoperative pain, benefits early ambulation, improves recovery of gastrointestinal function, and shortens duration of hospital stay in patients with partial hepatectomy for liver cancer.

[The key problems in the population exposure assessment of hazardous chemicals accidents].

Serious accidents of hazardous chemicals can cause a variety of acute or chronic impairment in human health. The effects of hazardous chemicals on human health can be identified by carrying on population exposure assessment. Through analyzing the domestic and overseas population exposure assessment cases related to hazardous chemicals accidents, we summarized that the base and key of the population exposure assessment were to identify the characteristics of the chemicals , delimit the area and the population exposed to the chemicals, and collect the data of the monitored chemicals and the population health in the polluted area.

[Study of survival factors of oral squamous cell carcinoma].

Objective: To explore the survival factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC). Methods: A total of 492 patients with OSCC were recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from June 2003 to December 2014. Then, 456 cases were included in the present study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Clinical and follow-up data were collected to evaluate survival factors of OSCC. Survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the Log-rank test. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratio(HR)and 95% confidence intervals(CI)of survival factors. We also stratified by TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours stage and BMI to assess the association between treatments and OSCC outcomes. Results: The age of the recruited patients was(57.89±11.61)years, and the proportions in TNM stages Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ were 14.0%(64), 23.7%(108), 16.1%(73)and 42.5%(194), respectively. The multivariate Cox regression indicated that the HR(95% CI)of the increase to mortality risk associated with stage T2-T3, T4(T1 as reference), stage N2-N3(N0 as reference), poormoderate differentiation, BMI<18.5 kg/m2(compared with BMI 18.5-23.9 kg/m2), alcohol consumption ≥20 g/d(compared with no alcohol)before treatment were 2.69(1.21-5.95), 3.40(1.54-7.53), 2.65(1.17-6.00), 2.56(1.39-4.71), 2.00(1.15-3.50), 2.09(1.11-3.93), and 1.68(1.03-2.73), respectively. The stratification analysis demonstrated that, compared with surgery alone, surgery combined with radiotherapy reduced the mortality risk of stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ, HR(95% CI)0.33(0.12-0.93). Surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy reduced the mortality risk of OSCC with normal BMI, HR(95% CI)were 0.39(0.17-0.87). Conclusions: Clinical stage and histological grade are survival factors for patients with OSCC.

[Analysis on on-site rescue and traumatic features of victims involved in gas explosion accident in Hangzhou].

Objective: To investigate the situations of on-site rescue and traumatic features of victims involved in gas explosion accident in Hangzhou, so as to provide more data support for emergency medical rescues of the similar incidents of massive casualty. Methods: Two medical workers with a certain clinical experience were sent to Hangzhou 120 emergency medical centers to collect data of the on-site rescue on 21st July, 2017, including ambulance call-outs, on-site command and traffic conditions, and on-site triage and evacuation of the victims. They were then sent to the hospitals receiving the victims to investigate the situations of these victims including the general information (such as gender, age, admitted hospitals, and number of admission, discharge, and transferring in the first two weeks after the accident) and injury assessment [such as injury position and type, injury severity evaluation by New Injury Severity Scoring (NISS), and burn severity evaluation for victims with burns]. Results: (1) A total of 15 ambulances reached the accident site for rescue. The traffic and transportation were jammed and interrupted after this accident. On-site triage and distribution were disorderly conducted. (2) Clinical data of 53 victims were collected, including 24 males and 29 females, with the age of 8 to 70 (34±14) years old. They were sent into 6 hospitals in Hangzhou. Two victims died on the day of accident. Up to two weeks after this accident, 28 (52.8%) victims were discharged from the hospitals and received follow-up in outpatient department. Five victims with severe injuries were transferred to the other hospitals. (3) Based on the results of NISS, the injury severities were mild in 29 (54.7%) cases, moderate in 9 (17.0%) cases, serious in 3 (5.7%) cases, and severe in 12 (22.6%) cases. Those 2 dead victims were classified into the severe category due to the highest NISS score of 75. For all of the victims, skin and soft tissue defects were most common. Six (11.3%) victims were combined with burns. According to the classification of burn severity, there were one case of mild, one case of serious, and 4 cases of severe. Conclusions: The gas explosion accident in Hangzhou caused massive casualties with complex injuries. The local emergency medical rescue responded quickly, but during the rescue process, lots of aspects should be further improved.

Tea consumption and its interactions with tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking on oral cancer in southeast China.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Epidemiological results on the association between tea consumption and oral cancer remain controversial. We aimed to evaluate the exact relationship between tea consumption and oral cancer in Chinese population. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A large-scale case-control study was conducted on 586 oral cancer patients and 1024 controls frequency-matched by age and gender. Epidemiological data were collected through face-to-face interviews with a structure questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression model was used to assess the effect of tea consumption on oral cancer stratified by smoking, alcohol drinking and demographics. Quantity of tea consumed (ml/day) was categorized into five subgroups based on quartiles and then its interactions was evaluated with tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking at each subgroup. RESULTS: Tea consumption showed an inverse association with oral cancer for non-smokers or non-alcohol drinkers (the odds ratios (ORs) were 0.610 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.425-0.876) and 0.686 (95% CI: 0.503-0.934), respectively). For smokers or alcohol drinkers, decreased risk was only observed in those who consumed >800 ml/day. Furthermore, oolong tea consumption was associated with decreased risk of oral cancer in smokers or alcohol drinkers but not in non-smokers or non-alcohol drinkers. Tea consumption combined with smoking or/and alcohol drinking had a greater risk than tea consumption alone, but the risk was roughly reduced from zero to Q4 (>800 ml/day). Additionally, when stratified by demographics, the protective effect of tea was especially evident in females, urban residents, normal body mass index population (18.5-23.9), farmers, office workers and those aged <60 years. CONCLUSIONS: Tea consumption protects against oral cancer in non-smokers or non-alcohol drinkers, but this effect may be obscured in smokers or alcohol drinkers. Additionally, demographics may modify the association between tea consumption and oral cancer.

Glutathione S-transferase A1 - a sensitive marker of alcoholic injury on primary hepatocytes.

The primary hepatocytes were extracted and purified from mice through improved Seglen two-step perfusion method. Ethanol-induced injury hepatocytes model in mice was used to investigate the importance of glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1) in hepatocytes injury by comparison with other indicators, such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, malondialdehyde, glutathione and superoxide dismutase. The release of GSTA1 was demonstrated to be an earlier and more sensitive indicator of hepatocytes injury than other indicators. Significant increases in GSTA1 were detected at 2 h after ethanol exposure, while other indicators were undetected at this time. A markedly difference in other indicators were observed at 6 and 8 h. The release of GSTA1 was significantly increased at a concentration of 50 mmol/L ethanol, the lowest exposure concentration than that in other indicators. In contrast, other indicators release was not statistically significant until concentrations of 75 mmol/L and 100 mmol/L ethanol. These results suggest that GSTA1 can be detected at the early stage of low concentration ethanol exposure and that GSTA1 is more sensitive and reliable marker in ethanol-induced hepatic injury.

[Tea, coffee intakes and risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma: a case-control study].

Objective: To evaluate the effects of tea and coffee intakes on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) stratified by milk intake. Methods: A case-control study involving 593 OSCC patients confirmed by pathological diagnoses and 1 128 gender-age frequency matched controls was conducted in Fujian province during September 2010-March 2016. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the effects of coffee, tea intakes and related variables on OSCC. Additive interaction was estimated by relative excess risk interaction (RERI), attributable proportions interaction (API) and synergy index (SI). Results: Tea intake was significantly associated with decreased risk of OSCC: the adjusted ORs were 0.54 for all subjects (95%CI: 0.41-0.71), 0.47 for milk consumers (95%CI: 0.31-0.71) and 0.57 for non-milk consumers (95%CI: 0.40-0.81). Moreover, starting tea drinking at age ≥25 years, moderate tea concentration and water temperature, drinking green tea and oolong tea showed effects to decrease the risk for OSCC in three groups. Additionally, there was a tendency of a reduced risk with increased daily tea drinking and longer tea-drinking period (all trend P<0.05). No significant association was observed between coffee intake and OSCC. A multiplicative but not additive interactions was found between tea drinking and milk intake. Additionally, we did not observe multiplicative and additive interaction between coffee drinking and milk intake. Conclusion: Tea drinking is a protective factor for OSCC, and there is a multiplicative interaction between tea drinking and milk intake. Therefore, tea drinking and increasing intake of milk can reduce the risk of OSCC at certain extent.

[The sequence analysis of the 3' end of intron 15 from human LDL receptor gene and its application in the study of gene diagnosis for familial hypercholesterolaemia].

To understand intron 15 of human LDL receptor gene, the DNA fragments from exon 15 to exon 16 and the 3' end of intron 15 were amplified with long chain PCR and anchored PCR. The 3' end of intron 15 was sequenced with Dynalbeads-Streptavidin Solid Phase technique. The sequence analysis showed that the 3' end of intron 15 contained the 3' splicing site and the branch site at 31 nucleotides upstream of the 3' end. Besides the authentic branch site, it is possible that the 3' end of intron 15 contains a cryptic site (GCCTCAC) at 20 nucleotides upstream of the 3' end. The sequences suggest that the PvuII polymorphism at Intron 15 is caused by the T-C substitution. According to the sequences of the 3' end, the new PCR-RFLP protocol for detection of PvuII polymorphism at intron 15 was developed. Using this protocol a representative familial hypercholesterolaemia family was identified with linkage analysis of PvuII polymorphism at intron 15.

Reaction of ozone with protein tryptophans: band III, serum albumin, and cytochrome C.

Treatment of red cell ghosts with ozone inhibited both AChE (marking the outside of the membrane) and G3PDH (marking the inside of the membrane). There was no change in tryptophan fluorescence of the ghosts after the ozone treatment. Band 3 protein was isolated from the ozone-treated ghosts. The protein was digested with trypsin to obtain water soluble peptides from the cytoplasmic N-terminal tail and the interhelical loops. Fluorescent peptides included GWVIHPLGLR from the outer loop between helices 7 and 8, and peptide WMEAAR from the N-terminal cytoplasmic tail. Neither one of these peptides was oxidized by ozone. This was true whether or not the ghosts were sealed. We conclude that the position of these tryptophans either in the membrane structure, or because of binding to other proteins in the cytoplasmic tail, protects them from oxidation by ozone. Treatment of horse heart cytochrome c with ozone did not change the absorbance spectrum in the heme region or the tryptophan absorbing region. HPLC of the ozone-treated cytochrome c showed that cytochrome c was being modified, indicated by a change in the elution time. Treatment of cytochrome c with ozone did not change the activity in the NADH-cytochrome c reductase assay. Digestion of the ozone-treated cytochrome c with trypsin gave peptides which demonstrated normal fluorescence. (Cytochrome c has abnormally low fluorescence, which is not changed by ozone exposure.) The peptides were separated by HPLC. The fluorescence of the tryptophan-containing peptide (GITWK) was not decreased by treatment of the cytochrome c by ozone. Amino acid analysis of the ozone-treated cytochrome c indicated that methionine was oxidized. We conclude that tryptophan in cytochrome c is protected from oxidation by ozone because of the interaction with the porphyrin ring. Bovine serum albumin and human serum albumin were treated with ozone. There was a monotonic decrease in tryptophan fluorescence in both cases. Digestion of BSA with trypsin produced two fluorescent peptides. The peptide FWGK was identified by coelution with the authentic peptide. The putative peptide AWSVAR was not the same as the chemically synthesized peptide. The peptide sequences FWGK and "AWSVAR" were both oxidized in ozone-treated bovine serum albumin, with no detectable discrimination. Tryptic digestion of the ozone-treated human serum albumin produced a single fluorescent peptide, which was oxidized by ozone. The putative peptide AWAVAR in the tryptic digest of HSA was distinct from chemically synthesized peptide. The oxidation of tryptophans in proteins by ozone is markedly influenced by position in tertiary structure, position in membrane structure, and by chemical interactions within the protein.

[Cloning and expression of a synthetic gene encoding magainin-melittin hybrid peptide in Escherichia coli and studies on its antibacterial activity].

A hybrid peptide gene was designed and synthesized. Its encoding peptide is constructed from residues 3-14 of magainin and residues 1-13 of melittin. The MA-E gene was cloned into plasmids pUC18 and pBV220. By DNA sequencing, the whole sequences of this gene is confirmed to be correct. The recombinant plasmid pBMA-E was expressed in E. coli DH5 alpha. A gene product band can be seen with Tricine-SDS-PAGE. The MA-E hybrid peptide was purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. Bioactivity assay was carried out in liquid turbidity method. The bactericide value to E. coli K12D31 is 0.182.

Technetium-99m albumin scintigraphy in the diagnosis of protein-losing enteropathy: a case report.

A 34-year-old female presenting with bilateral lower leg edema and distended abdomen was admitted to our hospital. The serum albumin was 1.42g/dl. Renal function and hepatic function were normal. Urinalysis did not show proteinuria. Tc-99m albumin scintigraphy was arranged for this patient to rule out protein-losing enteropathy. The results demonstrated loss of albumin into the intestines. We conclude that Tc-99m albumin scintigraphy of the abdomen is a valuable adjunct in the diagnosis of protein-losing enteropathy.