Uremic Toxin Indoxyl Sulfate Promotes Macrophage-Associated Low-Grade Inflammation and Epithelial Cell Senescence.

In this study, we investigated the impact of the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate on macrophages and tubular epithelial cells and its role in modulating the response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Indoxyl sulfate accumulates in the blood of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is a predictor of overall and cardiovascular morbidity/mortality. To simulate the uremic condition, primary macrophages and tubular epithelial cells were incubated with indoxyl sulfate at low concentrations as well as concentrations found in uremic patients, both alone and upon LPS challenge. The results showed that indoxyl sulfate alone induced the release of reactive oxygen species and low-grade inflammation in macrophages. Moreover, combined with LPS (proinflammatory conditions), indoxyl sulfate significantly increased TNF-α, CCL2, and IL-10 release but did not significantly affect the polarization of macrophages. Pre-treatment with indoxyl sulfate following LPS challenge induced the expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) and NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) which generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Further, experiments with tubular epithelial cells revealed that indoxyl sulfate might induce senescence in parenchymal cells and therefore participate in the progression of inflammaging. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that indoxyl sulfate provokes low-grade inflammation, modulates macrophage function, and enhances the inflammatory response associated with LPS. Finally, indoxyl sulfate signaling contributes to the senescence of tubular epithelial cells during injury.

Precise Topographic Model Assisted Slope Displacement Retrieval from Small Baseline Subsets Results: Case Study over a High and Steep Mining Slope.

Due to the intrinsic side-looking geometry of synthetic aperture radar (SAR), time series interferometric SAR is only able to monitor displacements in line-of-sight (LOS) direction, which limits the accuracy of displacement measurement in landslide monitoring. This is because the LOS displacement is only a three dimensional projection of real displacement of a certain ground object. Targeting at this problem, a precise digital elevation model (DEM) assisted slope displacement retrieval method is proposed and applied to a case study over the high and steep slope of the Dagushan open pit mine. In the case study, the precise DEM generated by laser scanning is first used to minimize topographic residuals in small baseline subsets analysis. Then, the LOS displacements are converted to slope direction with assistance of the precise DEM. By comparing with ground measurements, relative root mean square errors (RMSE) of the estimated slope displacements reach approximately 12-13% for the ascending orbit, and 5.4-9.2% for the descending orbit in our study area. In order to validate the experimental results, comparison with microseism monitoring results is also conducted. Moreover, both results have found that the largest slope displacements occur on the slope part, with elevations varying from -138 m to -210 m, which corresponds to the landslide area. Moreover, there is a certain correlation with precipitation, as revealed by the displacement time series. The outcome of this article shows that rock mass structure, lithology, and precipitation are main factors affecting the stability of high and steep mining slopes.

Real-time monitoring of peroxynitrite (ONOO-) in the rat brain by developing a ratiometric electrochemical biosensor.

As a reactive oxygen species (ROS), peroxynitrite (ONOO-) generated by nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O2˙-) plays important roles in physiological and pathological processes in the brain. However, the lack of reliable and durable analytical methods in vivo is still a bottleneck to understanding the signal pathway of ONOO- in the brain. In this work, a ratiometric electrochemical biosensor was developed for real-time monitoring and accurate quantification of ONOO- in the rat brain followed by cerebral ischemia. Firstly, a novel organic molecule, 4-(S-(6-mercaptohexyl)benzothioate-6-yl)-7-(diethylamino)-2-(4-(piperazinyl diferroformamide-1-yl)phenyl)chromenylium (HEMF), with a specific recognition group toward ONOO- and ferrocene as an electroactive group, was designed and synthesized for determination of ONOO- with high selectivity. The oxidation peak of ferrocene decreased with increasing concentration of ONOO-, with a rapid response within 15 s, because the pyrylium group in HEMF molecule specifically reacted with ONOO-, resulting in the loss of the ferrocene group from the HEMF molecule through a ring-opening reaction. Meanwhile, 5'-MB-GGCGCGATTTT-SH-3' (SH-DNA-MB) was optimized as an inner reference molecule, enabling accurate quantification of ONOO- while avoiding environmental effects. The oxidation peak current ratio between ferrocene and MB demonstrated good linearity with concentrations of ONOO- from 20.0 nM to 2.0 µM. The achieved detection limit was as low as 12.1 ± 0.8 nM. The developed biosensor showed remarkable selectivity against potential interferences in the brain, such as other ROS, metal ions, amino acids and bioactive species, due to the specific reaction between the pyrylium group and ONOO-. As a result, the present ratiometric electrochemical biosensor with significant analytical performance, including high temporal resolution, high selectivity and accuracy, combined with the unique characteristics of carbon fiber microelectrode (CFME), such as high spatial resolution and good biocompatibility, was successfully applied in real-time determination of ONOO- in rat brains followed by global cerebral ischemia.

[Epidemiological characteristics of burn workers in Hunan Province].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of workers who are burn patients, and to provide basis for prevention and treatment of burn at work. METHODS: We investigated 4 078 burn workers in 9 cities in Hunan provincial enterprises, and different trades managed by municipal government from January 1st, 2005 to December 31st, 2010. RESULTS: The incidence rate of employment injury was 94.84 per 10 thousand workers each year in Hunan. That of the enterprises directly managed by Hunan Medical Insurance Bureau was 93.71 per 10 thousand workers each year, and that of the enterprises managed by Medical Insurance Bureaus of cities or districts was 95.02 per 10 thousand workers each year. The burn incidence accounted for 2.00% of the total work injury in Hunan Province (7.35% in the enterprises directly managed by Hunan Medical Insurance Bureau and 1.39% in districts and industries). There were 4 078 burn patients from the sorted units [1 823 out-patients and 2 255 in-patients; 3 498 males (85.78%) and 580 females (14.22%) with age of (38.64±11.56) years]. The ratio between males and females was 6.03:1. Among the 4 078 patients, 2 979 were from the rural area (71.78%), with 1 100 out-patients and 1 379 in-patients. The burn was mostly mild and moderate (64.66%), and mainly occurred on the face, head, arms, and legs (61.55%). The main causes of burn were heating power (74.1%), chemical stuff (14.37%), and electric power (10.78%). The death rate was 1.42%. The burn accidents often happened between July and September. The average time from being burned to be in the hospital for treatment was 3.91 hours. CONCLUSION: Burn accidents, especially mild and moderate burn, occur mainly in young, married and poorly educated males from rural areas. Heating power, chemical stuff, and electric power are the key causes for burn. Work injury prevention measures should be improved in high risk enterprises.

Dietary fiber (oligosaccharide and non-starch polysaccharide) in preventing and treating functional gastrointestinal disorders - Challenges and controversies: A review.

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are a group of chronic or recurrent gastrointestinal functional diseases, including functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, and functional constipation. A lack of safe and reliable treatments for abdominal pain-related FGIDs has prompted interest in new therapies. Evidence has shown that supplementation with dietary fiber may help treat FGIDs. Dietary fibers (DFs) have been demonstrated to have regulatory effects on the gut microbiota, microbiota metabolites, and gastrointestinal movement and have important implications for preventing and treating FGIDs. However, the adverse effects of some DFs, such as fermentable oligosaccharides, on FGIDs are unclear. This review provides an overview of the DFs physiological properties and functional characteristics that influence their use in management of FGIDs, with emphasis on structural modification technology to improve their therapeutic activities. The review highlights that the use of appropriate or novel fibers is a potential therapeutic approach for FGIDs.

Global hotspots and trends of nutritional supplements in sport and exercise from 2000 to 2024: a bibliometric analysis.

BACKGROUND: Nutritional supplements for sports and exercise (NSSE) can facilitate the exogenous replenishment of the body. This study provides the first extensive overview of NSSE research through bibliometric and visual analyses. METHODS: We searched the Web of Science Core Collection database for literature related to "NSSE" from 1st January 2000 to 8th March 2024. A total of 1744 articles were included. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Bibliometrix R package software were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Research in the NSSE can be divided into steady growth, exponential growth, fluctuating stage, and surge stages. The United States is the most active country in this field. In recent years, the leading countries have been Croatia, Colombia, Slovenia, Chile, Egypt, China, and Thailand. The Australian Institute of Sports is the top research institution in terms of number of publications. Burke, LM from Australia published the most articles. Research in this area has primarily been published in Nutrients in Switzerland. The study population mainly consisted of men, and postmenopausal women were the main focus of the female group. Coronary heart and cardiovascular diseases continue to dominate research. CONCLUSION: Research on the NSSE is developing rapidly, with an annual growth trend. Insulin resistance, sports nutrition, inflammation, alpha-linolenic acid, limb strength performance, female sex, and gut microbiota are the focus of the current research and trends for future research. Future research should focus on improving the scientific training system for athletes and quality of training and life for the general public.

Education and training of telemental health providers: a systematic review.

Objective: To conduct a systematic literature review of education and training (E&T) programs for telemental health (TMH) providers in the past 10 years to qualitatively clarify field offerings and methodologies, as well as identify areas for future growth. Methods: We searched five major electronic databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, CINAHL, and Web of Science for original publications on TMH E&T from January 2013 to May 2023. We extracted information from each publication and summarized key features of training programs including setting, target group, study aims, training modality, methods of assessing quality, and outcomes. Results: A total of 20 articles were selected for the final review. Articles meeting inclusionary criteria were predominantly comprised of case studies and commentaries, focused on a TMH service/practice for a specific region/population, and were performed after 2020. All of the selected studies demonstrated a significant increase in the measured knowledge, skills, and abilities of the participants after TMH training. Nevertheless, there remains a lack of standardization of training methodologies, limited sample sizes and demographics, variability in study methodologies, and inconsistency of competency targets across studies. Conclusion: This systematic review highlighted the diversity of methods for TMH E&T. Future research on this topic could include more varied and larger-scale studies to further validate and extend current findings, as well as explore potential long-term effects of TMH training programs on both provider attitudes and patient outcomes.

Identifying risk factors affecting exercise behavior among overweight or obese individuals in China.

Background: The disease burden caused by obesity has increased significantly in China. Less than 30% of those who are obese meet the weekly physical activity standards recommended by the WHO. Risk factors that influence exercise behavior in people with obesity remain unclear. Methods: Based on the survey from the Chinese General Social Survey program (CGSS) in 2017, 3,331 subjects were identified and enrolled in the univariate and multiple probit regression models. We aimed to identify the association between SRH and the exercise behavior of obese people and further explore the influencing factors of active physical activity in this group of people. Results: The proportion of active physical activity in obese people was 25%. Groups with better SRH, higher education and income were more likely to participate in sports. Obese people who lived in rural areas, were unmarried or divorced, or fell within the age range of 35-40 had a significantly lower percentage of engagement in active physical activity. Conclusions: The proportion of people with obesity who meet the WHO recommendation for physical activity in China is not ideal. Health promotion programs for those who are obese need to be further strengthened and targeted, especially for rural areas, low-income families, and middle-aged obese people.

A bibliometric analysis of sleep in older adults.

Background: Sleep problems severely affect the quality of life in the elderly and have gradually gained attention among scholars. As a major hot spot of current research, sleep in older adults is highly exploratory and of great significance for human health. Objective: Therefore, in this study, the current state of the art of sleep research in older adults was analyzed through the visual mapping function of CiteSpace software. Using this software, we analyzed popular research questions and directions and revealed the development trends and research frontiers of this field. Methods: In this paper, we searched the Web of Science database for sleep-related studies focusing on older adults and analyzed the number of publications, journals, authors, institutions, country regions, and keywords by using CiteSpace software. Results: Our results revealed that the number of publications concerning sleep in older adults has gradually increased; after 2017, this field underwent rapid development. The journal Sleep has published the majority of the articles on sleep in older adults and has the highest citation frequency. The Journal of the American Geriatrics Society has the highest impact factor and CiteScore among the top 10 journals in terms of the number of published articles. The United States has the highest number of publications and most of the leading institutions in this field are located in the United States, with the University of California, Los Angeles, and the University of Pittsburgh having the highest number of publications. Dzierzewski JM is the most published author and has played an important role in guiding the development of this field. Research in this area is focused on insomnia, sleep quality, depression, and sleep duration. Conclusion: The rapid development of sleep research in older adults, which shows a yearly growth trend, indicates that this field is receiving increasing attention from researchers. Insomnia in older adults is the most concerning problem in this field. At the same time, future research should continue to focus on the impact of sleep disorders on older adults to improve sleep and quality of life in older adults.

Price Estimation of Coal Seam and Its Application in the Optimization of the Mining Sequence: A Case Study.

Coal price may vary significantly within a given coal seam, and the accurate characterization of coal price plays an important role in the rational development and utilization of coal resources. A geostatistics-block-based method is proposed to obtain the spatial correlation of borehole survey data and map the heterogenous distribution of coal seam thickness and coal quality (including calorific value, volatile content, ash content, and sulfur content). A block model of thermal coal price is next established considering the spatial distribution of coal quality parameters. Taking an undisclosed coal mine as an example, the estimation process of coal price block model is described in detail, and the mining sequence among several panels is optimized considering the heterogenous coal price. The coal price ranges from 814 to 1671 Chinese Yuan/t within the research area, and the net present value is increased by 1.53% after the optimization of the mining sequence. The result indicated that the coal price is generally heterogenous in a coal seam, and it has a significant influence on the mining sequence. The accurate modeling of coal seam properties has wide applications in mining engineering.

Bibliometric analysis of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for tendinopathy.

BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is a mature, conservative treatment modality for tendinopathy. Although many relevant studies have been conducted, systematic bibliometric studies are lacking. This study aimed to identify trends and hotspots in the treatment of tendinopathy using ESWT. METHODS: A literature search was conducted on ESWT for tendinopathy using the Web of Science Core Collection with a search period of 2002 to 2022. Of 559 identified studies, 276 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed using CiteSpace software. RESULTS: The results showed that from 2002 to 2022, the publication rate of literature on ESWT for tendinopathy was generally increasing. Research hotspots, such as tendinopathy and calcific rotator cuff deposits, began earlier but continued to receive scholarly attention. Research on animal models and molecular mechanisms has progressed slowly in this field. The combined or comparative effectiveness of injectable and supplement-based treatments with ESWT is a popular research topic. CONCLUSION: Pain management in patients with tendinopathy has received considerable attention. Simultaneously, more clinical indicators of energy levels and pulse parameters during ESWT are needed to provide more scientific and accurate treatment for patients.

[Cost-effect analysis of 2 therapeutic regimens for deep II burn patients].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the cost-effect of 2 therapeutic regimens and to find out a better therapeutic regimen with reasonable price and better effect, hoping to improve the quality of burn patients and reduce the waste of medical resources. METHODS: We collected 1017 burn patients from Hunan and Sichuan, and divided them into a research group (the moist exposed burn therapy group) and a control group (the escharectomy and grafting group). We analyzed the cost and effect of the 2 groups from general condition, direct medical cost during treatment and curative effect. RESULTS: The average total cost of the research group [93633.71 (82260.79, 107576.34) yuan] was significantly lower than the control group [175077.93 (131433.23, 228918.83) yuan] (P<0.05). The total effective rate of the research group was higher (97.28%) than that in the control group (92.89%) (P<0.05). The cost-effect of the research group (962.52) was better than that of the control group (1884.79). CONCLUSION: Cost-effect analysis is objective and direct in the evaluation of different treatments. The moist exposed burn therapy is a better and cheaper therapeutic regimen.

Red-Skin Extracts of Lotus Seeds Alleviate High-Fat-Diet Induced Obesity via Regulating Lipoprotein Lipase Activity.

In recent years, obesity has become an epidemic and an important public health concern. This study was designed to explore the anti-obesity effects of red-skin extracts (RSE) from lotus seeds on high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed mice. In this study, a total of 55 phenolic compounds from the RSE were tentatively characterized using a UPLC-Q/TOF-MS system, including 9 phenolic acids and derivatives, 40 flavonoids, 2 proanthocyanidin, and 4 coumarins and derivatives. Our data demonstrated that RSE could significantly ameliorate obesity characteristics of HFD-fed mice by regulating tissue specific lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities. In detailed, the activity and expression of LPL in adipose tissue was inhibited, and the activity and expression of LPL in skeletal muscle tissue was enhanced. Overall, these findings suggested that RSE from the red skin of lotus seeds could serve as a great candidate for a value-added, functional ingredient due to its anti-obesity effects via the regulation of LPL activity.

A Bibliometric Analysis of High-Intensity Interval Training in Cardiac Rehabilitation.

As global quality of life has improved, the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases have gradually increased in prevalence. People have consequently sought to improve their health through physical exercise. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) tool that has been of great interest for several years. However, its feasibility and safety remain controversial. This study aimed to explore hot research topics and new directions regarding the role of HIIT in CR and to describe the dynamic development of the field. We used the Web of Science Core Collection database to develop visualizations using CiteSpace software (v.6.1.R2). The number of articles published, institutional collaboration networks, author partnerships, and keyword co-occurrence and clustering were used to analyze the impact of HIIT on CR. Our results showed that Norway, Canada, and the United States were the most prominent contributors to this field. Articles by Nigam, A and Juneau, M had the highest number of citations. The Norwegian University of Science and Technology had performed the most in-depth research in this area. The European Journal of Preventive Cardiology had published the most articles. The United States had the highest number of publishing journals. Relevant issues focused on coronary artery disease, exercise capacity, heart failure, cardiorespiratory fitness, and physical activity. HIIT in heart transplantation may be at the forefront of research in this field and future studies should focus on this topic. HIIT-based CR can therefore improve the exercise capacity and quality of life of cardiovascular patients and improve patient compliance in a safe manner.

Study on Group Differences in Migrant Workers' Urban Integration in China.

Objective: This manuscript evaluates and tests the group differences in migrant workers' urban integration from the perspectives of individual characteristics and migration characteristics, so as to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the government to issue more effective assistance policies. Methods: Multilevel comprehensive evaluation method and Entropy method are used to calculate the urban integration level of migrant workers, and one-way ANOVA and optimal scaling regression are used to test the group differences in migrant workers' urban integration. Results: Based on the questionnaire data of 854 migrant workers in China, the scale of migrant workers' urban integration has good reliability and validity. The overall level of migrant workers' urban integration is 49.61% and there exist group differences in migrant workers' urban integration. The impact of education level, income level, and migration time on migrant workers' urban integration is significantly positive, whereas the impact of migration distance on migrant workers' urban integration is significantly negative. The urban integration level of migrant workers who have family members accompanying them is higher than that of migrant workers who have no family members accompanying them. Gender, age, and marriage have no significant impact on migrant workers' urban integration. Strengths and Limitations of This Study: This study aims to measure and test the group differences in migrant workers' urban integration using ANOVA and optimal scaling regression. However, the shortcomings of this study are the selection of the "migrant workers' urban integration" scale and the representativeness of the sample used in this study. Conclusion: There are group differences in migrant workers' urban integration with different education levels, income levels, migration distances, migration times, and statuses of family members accompanying. In the policy of promoting migrant workers' urban integration, we should accurately count the characteristics of migrant workers and give more attention to migrant workers with low education levels, low-income levels, long migration distances, short migration times, and no family accompany.

Domestic Cooking Affects the Prebiotic Performances of Chinese Yam.

The appropriate domestic cooking methods can retain and protect the biological properties of foods well. Thus, the objective of this study was to unravel the effect of different cooking methods on the microbiota modulatory properties of yam and their non-starch polysaccharides by an in vitro simulated digestion and fermentation model. The results showed that different cooking processes led to different changes in polysaccharide content. The polysaccharide content of yam increased by 21.3~108.2% or decreased by 12.0% compared with that of raw yam. Additionally, the soluble polysaccharides contents in all cooked yam samples significantly increased by 16.85~119.97% after in vitro digestion. The regulation of whole-yam digesta on gut microbiota was partly related with yam polysaccharides. Both yam and yam polysaccharide fermentation appeared to promote beneficial bacteria, such as Bifidobacteria, Bacteroides spp. and Megasphaera and suppressed bacterial pathogens such as Ruminococcusforques and Escherichia-Shigella. Household cooking significantly influenced the prebiotic performances of yam and yam polysaccharides by changing the heat-sensitive microbial substrates and their physiology properties. According to our results, normal-pressure steaming and normal-pressure boiling processes can retain the microbiota modulatory effects of Chinese yam.

Study of copper-cysteamine based X-ray induced photodynamic therapy and its effects on cancer cell proliferation and migration in a clinical mimic setting.

Copper-cysteamine as a new generation of sensitizers can be activated by light, X-rays, microwaves, or ultrasound to produce reactive oxygen species. X-ray induced photodynamic therapy (X-PDT) has been studied extensively; however, most of the studies reported so far were conducted in the laboratory, which is not conducive to the clinical translation conditions. In this contribution, for the first time, we investigated the treatment efficiency of copper-cysteamine (Cu-Cy) based X-PDT by mimicking the clinical conditions with a clinical linear accelerator and building deep-seated tumor models to study not only the effectiveness but also its effects on the cell migration and proliferation in the level of the cell, tissue, and animal. The results showed that, without X-ray irradiation, Cu-Cy nanoparticles (NPs) had a low toxicity in HepG2, SK-HEP-1, Li-7, and 4T1 cells at a concentration below 100 mg/L. Interestingly, for the first time, it was observed that Cu-Cy mediated X-PDT can inhibit the proliferation and migration of these cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Antigen markers of migration and cell proliferation, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and E-cadherin, from tumor tissue in the X-PDT group were remarkably different from that of the control group. Furthermore, the MRI assessment showed that the Cu-Cy based X-PDT inhibited the growth of deeply located tumors in mice and rabbits (p < 0.05) without any obvious toxicities in vivo. Overall, these new findings demonstrate that Cu-Cy NPs have a safe and promising clinical application prospect in X-PDT to improve the efficiency of radiotherapy (RT) for deep-seated tumors and effectively inhibit tumor cell proliferation and migration.

Mental Health Literacy Levels of Medical Staff in China: An Assessment Based on a Meta-Analysis.

Background: The awareness rate of mental health knowledge among medical staff is an important evaluation index to assess the service capacity of a country or region, and this indicator in China has not been quantitatively evaluated. Study Design: This study systematically combined pertinent quantitative study data from previous related studies to conclude the awareness rate of mental health knowledge among Chinese medical staff. Methods: Related studies from five electronic databases were searched, and a meta-analysis was conducted to obtain the combined result. The primary outcome of the present study was the awareness rate of medical staff or the sample size and the number of those who can answer the relevant questions correctly. We also performed a hierarchical analysis according to the sample group's region and specialty. The awareness rate of medical staff and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The heterogeneity was assessed with the I 2 test, and Egger's test was used to evaluate publication bias. Results: A total of 15 articles with 11,526 medical staff were included in the present study; the overall awareness rate of mental health knowledge among Chinese medical staff was as low as 81%. The awareness rate of mental health knowledge among medical workers in developed regions is higher than that in developing regions. The awareness rate of mental health among medical staff in the department of psychiatry, non-psychiatry, and community medical staff was 88, 68, and 82%, respectively. Conclusion: The overall awareness rate among medical staff in this country is unsatisfactory, and the awareness rate in developed regions is higher than medical staff in developing regions. Psychiatric hospital staff has a higher awareness rate than community medical staff, and non-psychiatric hospital staff has the lowest awareness rate.

The awareness rate of mental health knowledge Among Chinese adolescent: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Mental health knowledge is an important part of mental health literacy, which is related to one's attitude and coping style when facing mental illness. The awareness rate of mental health knowledge among adolescents is an effective index to evaluate the effect of school mental health education, and the awareness rate of mental health knowledge among Chinese adolescents has not been effectively evaluated. METHODS: Two electronic databases for English language and 3 electronic databases for Chinese language were searched for relevant studies. Meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the awareness rate among Chinese adolescents. The normal distribution test was conducted using 5 methods. Homogeneity test was conducted, and I > 50% indicates existence of heterogeneity and in this case, the random model was adopted; otherwise, we adopt the fixed model. Funnel plot and Egger test was used to confirm whether publication bias existed. RESULTS: Seventeen studies were included in this study, comprising 22,164 students from different stages of education (10,437 senior middle-school students, 5589 junior middle-school students, and 6138 college students). The awareness rate of mental health knowledge among Chinese adolescents was only 66%; for university students and middle-school students, their awareness rate was 73% and 61%, respectively. The awareness rate among senior middle-school students was as low as that of junior middle-school students. The awareness rate among college students in developed regions was higher than that in developing regions. CONCLUSIONS: The awareness rate of mental health knowledge among Chinese adolescents was lower than the goal set in the national mental health work plan. There are gaps in mental health education in different developed areas. The mental health education among adolescent in Chinese mainland needs to be further strengthened.

Comparative efficacy of seven exercise interventions for symptoms of depression in college students: A network of meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Depression among college students is common, exercise interventions are valued as one of the most widely prescribed interventions for depressed college students, however, it is especially difficult for university administrators to determine which exercise intervention is most effective, and efficacy of exercise interventions among depressed college students have not been evaluated. OBJECTIVES: To systematically review and compare the efficacy of 7 exercise interventions for decrease symptoms of depression in college students. METHOD: A network of meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted to fill the objectives. Five relatived electronic databases were searched for the related articles. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy of 7 Exercise interventions with usual care of college students with depression were included in the review. MAIN OUTCOMES: The primary outcome of the present study was standardized mean difference (SMD) and the mean change of depressive symptoms. RESULTS: Fourteentrials were identified, including 2010 depressed college students. The result of direct meta-analysis of this review indicated exercise interventions overall had a significantly lower mean depression scores (SMD = -1.13) when compared with usual care. The result of NMA indicated when comparing with badminton intervention, yoga (SMD = -7.7, 95%CI: -14 to -0.93) and Tai chi (SMD = -9.4, 95%CI: -16 to -2.7) can significantly decrease depression scores of the depressed college students. The rank of 7 exercise interventions with respect to efficiently decrease symptom of depressed undergraduates was Tai chi > Yoga > Volleyball > Dance > Run > Basketball > Badminton, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Tai chi exhibited the highest probability that became the most efficacy intervention among the comparions, and Yoga showed the second most effectiveness to alleviate depressive symptoms of depressed college students, and dance ranks the third, followed by run, volleyball, basketball, and badminton respectively.