Compared with dietary behavior and physical activity risk, sedentary behavior risk is an important factor in overweight and obesity: evidence from a study of children and adolescents aged 13-18 years in Xinjiang, China.

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition or insufficient physical activity (PA) is a risk factor for obesity and chronic disease in children and adolescents. Affected by different economic circumstance, ethnic, dietary behavior, physical activity and other factors, children and adolescents in Xinjiang, China are facing a severe situation of overweight and obesity prevention and control. It is necessary to analyze the dietary behavior and physical activity of children and adolescents with different nutritional status and the relationship between them. METHODS: Using a stratified cluster sampling method in Xinjiang, China, 4833 middle school students aged 13-18 were selected., and tests for height and weight were conducted. Self-assessment questionnaires were completed for Dietary Behaviors, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Behaviors as well. Chi-square test, Logistic regression analysis and other methods were used to analyze the relationship between Dietary Behaviors, Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviors and other health behavior risk factors and Weight and BMI. RESULTS: Children and adolescents aged 13-18 in Xinjiang, China, girls had a lower BMI compared with boys(19.49 VS. 20.41). The proportions of Underweight, Overweight and Obese among girls were lower (Underweight: 11.8 VS. 14.5; Overweight: 7.6 VS. 12.7; Obese 2.3 VS. 7.0).Boys with higher risk of sedentary had a 1.46-fold higher risk of developing Overweight/Obese than those with lower risk of sedentary (95%CI: 1.07-2.01).Girls with higher risky diet had a 1.56-fold higher risk of developing Underweight than those with lower risky diet (95%CI: 1.11-2.19). For all participants, the risk of Overweight/Obese in children and adolescents with higher risk of sedentary was 1.45 times more than that of children and adolescents with lower Risk sedentary (95%CI: 1.12 ~ 1.88). Overall, Weight had a significant correlation with PA risk (r = 0.076, P < 0.01) and sedentary behavior risk (r = 0.035, P < 0.05). BMI had a key correlation with PA risk (r = 0.064, P < 0.01) and sedentary behavior risk (r = 0.037, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The detection rate of Underweight among children and adolescents aged 13-18 in Xinjiang, China is higher, while the detection rate of Overweight and Obese is lower than that of the whole country. Static behavior was an important factor affecting the occurrence of Overweight and Obese in children and adolescents, and the performance of boys was more obvious than that of girls.The results further improve the data on the weight status of Chinese children and adolescents and their influencing factors, and call on Chinese society and schools to continue their efforts to prevent and reduce malnutrition and obesity among children and adolescents in Xinjiang.

Hydrostatic pressure stimulates the osteogenesis and angiogenesis of MSCs/HUVECs co-culture on porous PLGA scaffolds.

In native bone tissue regeneration, blood vessels, providing oxygen and nutrition for tissues, can promote the regeneration of bone and accelerate the repair of a defected area. In this study, Poly(D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) inverse opal scaffolds with high pore interconnectivity were fabricated and further modified with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The rat bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were co-cultured onto the scaffolds to enhance vascularization for bone tissue regeneration. Cell attachment, viability, proliferation, and morphology were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, live and dead staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Hydrostatic pressure with 0-279 KPa and 1 Hz one hour per day for 7 days was applied to tissue engineered bone constructs to investigate whether the loading stimulation can promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis mutually evaluated in parallel by multiple in vitro assays and in an in vivo chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. The results indicated that the immobilization of VEGF can improve biocompatibility of PLGA scaffolds and promote cell attachment and proliferation. The cell-scaffold constructs showed higher CD31 expression because of the angiogenic differentiation of rMSCs in hydrostatic loading culture condition in vitro. The in vivo CAM model experiment demonstrated that hydrostatic loading stimulated angiogenic differentiation of rMSCs can accelerate tubulogenesis. Furthermore, the new capillaries formed in cell-scaffold constructs were conducive to calcium deposition in vivo.

SARS patients-derived human recombinant antibodies to S and M proteins efficiently neutralize SARS-coronavirus infectivity.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a specific SARS virus-targeted antibody preparation for emergent prophylaxis and treatment of SARS virus infection. METHODS: By using phage display technology, we constructed a naive antibody library from convalescent SARS patient lymphocytes. To obtain the neutralizing antibody to SARS virus surface proteins, the library panning procedure was performed on purified SARS virions and the specific Fab antibody clones were enriched by four rounds of repeated panning procedure and screened by highthroughput selection. The selected Fab antibodies expressed in the periplasma of E. coli were soluble and further purified and tested for their binding properties and antiviral function to SARS virus. The functional Fab antibodies were converted to full human IgG antibodies with recombinant baculovirus/insect cell systems and their neutralizing activities were further determined. RESULTS: After four rounds of the panning, a number of SARS-CoV virus-targeted human recombinant Fab antibodies were isolated from the SARS patient antibody library. Most of these were identified to recognize both natural and recombinant SARS spike (S) proteins, two Fab antibodies were specific for the virus membrane (M) protein, only one bound to SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protein. The SARS-CoV S and M protein-targeted Fab or IgG antibodies showed significant neutralizing activities in cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition neutralization test, these antibodies were able to completely neutralize the SARS virus and protect the Vero cells from CPE after virus infection. However, the N protein-targeted Fab or IgG antibodies failed to neutralize the virus. In addition, the SARS N protein-targeted human Fab antibody reacted with the denatured N proteins, whereas none of the S and M protein specific neutralizing antibodies did. These results suggested that the S and M protein-specific neutralizing antibodies could recognize conformational epitopes which might be involved in the binding of virions to cellular receptors and the fusion activity of the virus. CONCLUSION: The SARS-CoV spike protein and membrane proteins are able to elicite efficient neutralizing antibodies in SARS patients. The neutralizing antibodies we generated in this study may be more promising candidates for prophylaxis and treatment of SARS infection.

[Ecological footprint in building green university].

Ecological footprint is one of the best indexes to evaluate the level of green university. The approaches of ecological footprint are made up of compound approach and component approach. This paper introduces the basic principle and algorithm of the componential approach of ecological footprint, taking Northeastern University as an example and using this approach in the research of campus. Result show that the ecological footprint of Northeastern University 2003 was 24 787hm2, needing the productive land of ecology about 25 000hm2 support all kinds of consumption of the school and absorb the offal. The ecological efficiency of the school was 0.94cap/hm2. In the ecological footprints, the energy's footprints is the largest, it accounted for more than 2/3 of the total footprints, the next are food consumption and solid rubbish.