RESUMEN
During the dengue epidemic in Yunnan Province, China, during 2019, a concurrent outbreak of chikungunya occurred in the city of Ruili, which is located in the southwest of the province, adjacent to Myanmar. As part of this outbreak, three neonatal cases of infection with indigenous chikungunya virus from mother-to-child (vertical) transmission were observed. Isolates of chikungunya virus were obtained from 37 serum samples of patients with chikungunya during this outbreak, and a phylogenetic analysis of these isolates revealed that they belong to the Indian Ocean subclade of the East/Central/South African genotype. The E1 genes of these viruses did not harbor the A226V mutation.
Asunto(s)
Fiebre Chikungunya/virología , Virus Chikungunya/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes/virología , Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa , Fiebre Chikungunya/epidemiología , Fiebre Chikungunya/transmisión , Virus Chikungunya/clasificación , Virus Chikungunya/genética , China/epidemiología , Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes/epidemiología , Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes/transmisión , Brotes de Enfermedades , Femenino , Genoma Viral/genética , Genotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Mutación , Filogenia , ARN Viral/genética , Proteínas Virales/genéticaRESUMEN
Ischemic stroke is a major cause of mortality and neurological morbidity worldwide. The underlying pathophysiology of ischemic stroke is highly complicated and correlates with various pathological processes, including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress injury, altered cell apoptosis and autophagy, excitotoxicity, and acidosis. The current treatment for ischemic stroke is limited to thrombolytic therapy such as recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. However, tissue plasminogen activator is limited by a very narrow therapeutic time window (<4.5 hours), selective efficacy, and hemorrhagic complication. Hence, the development of novel therapies to prevent ischemic damage to the brain is urgent. Chinese herbal medicine has a long history in treating stroke and its sequela. In the past decades, extensive studies have focused on the neuroprotective effects of Huanglian Jie Du decoction (HLJDD), an ancient and classical Chinese herbal formula that can treat a wide spectrum of disorders including ischemic stroke. In this review, the current evidence of HLJDD and its bioactive components for ischemic stroke is comprehensively reviewed, and their potential application directions in ischemic stroke management are discussed.
RESUMEN
As the global population ages, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is also increasing. At present, there are no widely recognized drugs able to ameliorate the cognitive dysfunction caused by AD. The failure of several promising clinical trials in recent years has highlighted the urgent need for novel strategies to both prevent and treat AD. Notably, a growing body of literature supports the efficacy of acupuncture for AD. In this review, we summarize the previously reported mechanisms of acupuncture's beneficial effects in AD, including the ability of acupuncture to modulate Aß metabolism, tau phosphorylation, neurotransmitters, neurogenesis, synapse and neuron function, autophagy, neuronal apoptosis, neuroinflammation, cerebral glucose metabolism, and brain responses. Taken together, these findings suggest that acupuncture provides therapeutic effects for AD.
RESUMEN
Estrogen plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of depression. The cytochrome p450 (CYP) 19A1 gene encodes aromatase, which is responsible for a key step in estrogen production. Previous studies suggested that CYP19A1 polymorphisms increase the risk of depression in the Japanese population. The current study aimed to investigate the correlation between the CYP19A1 rs2470152 polymorphism and the risk of depression in Chinese Han population. In total, 1006 Chinese Han subjects were recruited in this case-control study, including 502 patients diagnosed with depression and 504 healthy gender- and age-matched (from 18-65 years) controls. Genotyping was performed using multiplex PCR and high-throughput sequencing to assess the effects of the CYP19A1 rs2470152 (Gâ¯>â¯A) polymorphism on the risk of depression in the entire cohort and the subjects were further stratified by gender. No significant differences were observed in allele and genotype frequencies of CYP19A1 rs2470152 between total cases and controls (Pâ¯>â¯0.05). However, the CYP19A1 rs2470152 polymorphism in the recessive model (AA vs. GGâ¯+â¯GA) was associated with increased risk of depression (χ2â¯=â¯4.077, Pâ¯=â¯0.043, ORâ¯=â¯1.347, 95% CIâ¯=â¯1.008-1.798). After subjects stratification by gender, neither genotypes nor genetic models showed significant differences between cases and controls (all Pâ¯>â¯0.05). The results indicated that the CYP19A1 rs2470152 (Gâ¯>â¯A) polymorphism in the recessive model (AA vs. GGâ¯+â¯GA) was correlated with increased risk of depression in Chinese Han population.
Asunto(s)
Aromatasa/genética , Pueblo Asiatico/genética , Depresión/genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Alelos , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Genotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genética , Factores Sexuales , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and microcystin-LR (MC-LR) simultaneously exist in polluted food and water in humid and warm areas, and each has been reported to be genotoxic to liver and associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the genotoxic effects of the two biotoxins in combination and potential mechanism remain unknown. We treated the human hepatic cell line HL7702 with AFB1 and MC-LR together at different ratios, examined their genotoxic effects using micronuclei and comet assays, and evaluated the possible mechanism by measuring oxidative stress markers and DNA base excision repair (BER) genes. Our data show that co-exposure to AFB1 and MC-LR significantly increased DNA damage compared with AFB1 or MC-LR alone as measured by the levels of both micronuclei and tail DNA. Meanwhile, AFB1 and MC-LR co-exposure showed biphasic effects on ROS production, and a gradual trend towards increased Glutathione (GSH) levels and activity of Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD). Furthermore, MC-LR, with or without AFB1, significantly down-regulated the expression of the base excision repair (BER) genes 8-oxoguanine glycosylase-1 (OGG1) and X-ray repair cross complementing group 1 (XRCC1). AFB1 and MC-LR in combination upregulated the expression of the BER gene apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), whereas either agent alone had no effect. In conclusion, our studies show that MC-LR exacerbates AFB1-induced genotoxicity and we report for the first time that this occurs through effects on oxidative stress and the deregulation of DNA base excision repair genes.