Dissociation of transcription factor MYB94 and histone deacetylases HDA907/908 alleviates oxidative damage in poplar.

Drought is one of the major threats to forest productivity. Oxidation stress is common in drought-stressed plants, and plants need to maintain normal life activities through complex reactive oxygen scavenging mechanisms. However, the molecular links between epigenetics, oxidation stress, and drought in poplar (Populus) remain poorly understood. Here, we found that Populus plants overexpressing PtrMYB94, which encodes a R2R3 MYB transcription factor that regulates the ABA signaling pathway, displayed increased tolerance to extreme drought stress via up-regulation of embryogenic cell phosphoprotein 44 (PtrECPP44) expression. Further investigation revealed that PtrMYB94 could recruit the histone deacetylases PtrHDA907/908 to the promoter of PtrECPP44 and decrease acetylation at lysine residues 9, 14 and 27 of histone H3, leading to relatively low transcriptional expression levels under normal conditions. Drought induced the expression of PtrMYB94 while preventing interaction of PtrMYB94 with PtrHDA907/908, which relaxed the chromatin structure and facilitated the binding of RNA polymerase II to the PtrECPP44 promoter. The upregulation of PtrECPP44 helped poplar alleviate oxidative damage and maintain normal cell activities. This study establishes a PtrMYB94-PtrECPP44 transcriptional regulatory module modified by PtrHDA907/908 in modulating drought-induced oxidative stress recovery. Therefore, our study reveals a oxidative regulatory mechanism in response to drought stress and provides insights into molecular breeding for stress resistance in poplar.

In-Depth Profiling of 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal Modification via Reversible Thiazolidine Chemistry.

Protein modification by lipid-derived electrophiles (LDEs) is associated with various signaling pathways. Among these LDEs, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) is the most toxic, and protein modified with HNE has been linked to various diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. However, due to their low abundance, in-depth profiling of HNE modifications still presents challenges. This study introduces a novel strategy utilizing reversible thiazolidine chemistry to selectively capture HNE-modified proteins and a palladium-mediated cleavage reaction to release them. Thousands of HNE-modified sites in different cell lines were identified. Combined with ABPP, we discovered a set of HNE-sensitive sites that offer a new tool for studying LDE modifications in proteomes.

Global climate change: Effects of future temperatures on emergency department visits for mental disorders in Beijing, China.

Rising temperatures can increase the risk of mental disorders. As climate change intensifies, the future disease burden due to mental disorders may be underestimated. Using data on the number of daily emergency department visits for mental disorders at 30 hospitals in Beijing, China during 2016-2018, the relationship between daily mean temperature and such visits was assessed using a quasi-Poisson model integrated with a distributed lag nonlinear model. Emergency department visits for mental disorders attributed to temperature changes were projected using 26 general circulation models under four climate change scenarios. Stratification analyses were then conducted by disease subtype, sex, and age. The results indicate that the temperature-related health burden from mental disorders was projected to increase consistently throughout the 21st century, mainly driven by high temperatures. The future temperature-related health burden was higher for patients with mental disorders due to the use of psychoactive substances and schizophrenia as well as for women and those aged <65 years. These findings enhance our knowledge of how climate change could affect mental well-being and can be used to advance and refine targeted approaches to mitigating and adapting to climate change with a view on addressing mental disorders.

Linear associations of Chinese visceral adiposity index and its change with hyperuricemia: A prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: This study aims to investigate the association of Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) with incident hyperuricemia (HUA). METHODS AND RESULTS: We included 5186 adults aged ≥45 years from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Modified Poisson regression model was used to estimate the relative risks (RRs) of incident HUA associated with baseline CVAI, and logistic model was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of HUA for CVAI change. Restricted cubic splines analysis was adopted to model the dose-response associations. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) analysis was used to evaluate the predictive value of CVAI. During 4-year follow-up, a total of 510 (9.8%) HUA cases were identified. The RRs (95%CIs) of incident HUA were 3.75 (2.85-4.93) for quartile 4 versus quartile 1 and 1.56 (1.45-1.69) for per-standard deviation increase in baseline CVAI. For the analyses of CVAI change, compared with stable group, participants in decreased group had 34% lower risk (OR 0.66, 95%CI 0.49-0.87) and those in increased group had 35% (1.35, 1.03-1.78) higher risk of HUA. Linear associations of baseline CVAI and its change with HUA were observed (Pnonlinear >0.05). Besides, the AUC value for HUA was 0.654 (0.629-0.679), which was higher than other five obesity indices. CONCLUSIONS: Our study found linear associations between baseline CVAI and its change and risk of HUA. CVAI had the best predictive performance in predicting incident HUA. These findings suggest CVAI as a reliable obesity index to identify individuals with higher HUA risk.

The impact of apparent temperature on the emergency visits for traumatic fractures in Hangzhou, China.

BACKGROUND: Traumatic fractures occur frequently worldwide. However, research remains limited on the association between short-term exposure to temperature and traumatic fractures. This study aims to explore the impact of apparent temperature (AT) on emergency visits (EVs) due to traumatic fractures. METHODS: Based on EVs data for traumatic fractures and the contemporary meteorological data, a generalized Poisson regression model along with a distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) were undertaken to determine the impact of AT on traumatic fracture EVs. Subgroup analysis by gender and age and sensitivity analysis were also performed. RESULTS: A total of 25,094 EVs for traumatic fractures were included in the study. We observed a wide "J"-shaped relationship between AT and risk of traumatic fractures, with AT above 9.5 °C positively associated with EVs due to traumatic fractures. The heat effects became significant at cumulative lag 0-11 days, and the relative risk (RR) for moderate heat (95th percentile, 35.7 °C) and extreme heat (99.5th percentile, 38.8 °C) effect was 1.311 (95% CI: 1.132-1.518) and 1.418 (95% CI: 1.191-1.688) at cumulative lag 0-14 days, respectively. The cold effects were consistently non-significant on single or cumulative lag days across 0-14 days. The heat effects were higher among male and those aged 18-65 years old. The sensitivity analysis results remained robust. CONCLUSION: Higher AT is associated with cumulative and delayed higher traumatic fracture EVs. The male and those aged 18-65 years are more susceptible to higher AT.

Assessment of lower limb alignment: supine weight-bearing CT scanograms compared with a standing full-length radiograph.

PURPOSE: We identified limb misalignment by applying personalized axial force while the limb was in a supine position to mimic a standing posture. This study aimed to confirm the accuracy of evaluating lower limb alignment using supine weight-bearing CT scanograms. METHODS: We prospectively compared measurements of the weight-bearing line ratio (WBL), hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle, and joint convergence angle (JLCA) in 46 sets of supine weight-bearing CT scanograms with those obtained from full-length standing anteroposterior lower extremity radiographs. We achieved the weight-bearing CT scanograms by applying six different levels of axial force: zero, 1/5 of body weight, 2/5 of body weight, 3/5 of body weight, 4/5 of body weight, and full body weight. We assessed the impact of age, body mass index, HKA, and JLCA on the observed mechanical axis deviation differences between the two methods. RESULT: The average absolute difference between standing radiographs and supine CT scanograms was 4.32% for the WBL ratio (p < 0.05), 1.25° for HKA (p < 0.05), and 0.46 for JLCA (p < 0.05). The mean absolute difference was minimal when applying full body weight axial pressure during CT scanograms (p > 0.05). Age, body mass index, HKA, and JLCA had no effect on the deviation in the mechanical axis measurements obtained through supine weight-bearing CT scanograms with full body weight. CONCLUSION: No significant differences were found in assessing lower limb alignment between standing radiographs and supine weight-bearing CT scanograms with full body weight. Weight-bearing CT scanograms prove to be a valuable method for assessing lower limb alignment while in a supine position.

Microglia TREM1-mediated neuroinflammation contributes to central sensitization via the NF-κB pathway in a chronic migraine model.

BACKGROUND: Neuroinflammation, mediated by the activation of microglia, contributes to central sensitization, which is associated with the development of chronic migraine (CM). TREM1 receptors amplify the inflammatory response. However, their relationship to CM is unclear. Thus, this study endeavoured to elucidate the exact role of TREM1 in CM. METHODS: Nitroglycerin (NTG) was repeatedly administered intraperitoneally to establish the CM model. Mechanical and thermal sensitivities were assessed using von Frey filaments and hot plate assays. Using Western blotting, TREM1, NF-κB pathway, NLRP3 inflammasome components, and proinflammatory cytokines were all detected. Immunofluorescence was used to examine the cellular distribution of TREM1 and NLRP3, the number of microglia, immunoreactivity, and morphological changes. We examined the effects of TREM1 antagonists (LR12) and NF-κB inhibitors (PDTC) on pain behaviour, as well as the production of c-fos and CGRP. Additionally, we investigated whether LR12 and PDTC affect the activation of microglia and the NLRP3 inflammasome. We synthesized siRNA and TREM1-overexpressing plasmids to transfect BV2 cells treated with LPS and normal BV2 cells and treated TREM1-overexpressing BV2 cells with PDTC. The NF-κB pathway, NLRP3 inflammasome components, and proinflammatory cytokines were quantified using Western blotting. RESULTS: Following NTG administration, the expression of TREM1 was significantly upregulated and exclusively localized in microglia in the TNC, and was well co-localized with NLRP3. Furthermore, activation of the classical NF-κB pathway was observed. Pre-treatment with LR12 and PDTC effectively attenuated mechanical hypersensitivity, suppressed the expression of c-fos and CGRP, and inhibited NF-κB activity in CM mice. Additionally, inhibition of TREM1 and NF-κB activity mitigated NTG-induced microglia and NLRP3 activation, as well as proinflammatory cytokines production. In vitro, knockdown of TREM1 resulted in attenuated activation of the NF-κB pathway following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment and reduced expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components as well as proinflammatory cytokines. After TREM1 overexpression, the NF-κB pathway was activated, NLRP3 inflammasome components and proinflammatory cytokines were upregulated, and PDTC reversed this phenomenon. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that TREM1 regulates microglia and NLRP3 activation via the NF-κB pathway, thereby contributing to central sensitization and implicating its involvement in chronic migraine pathogenesis.

A novel strategy of tannery sludge disposal - converting into biochar and reusing for Cr(VI) removal from tannery wastewater.

Tannery sludge with high chromium content has been identified as hazardous solid waste due to its potential toxic effects. The safety disposal and valorization of the tannery sludge remains a challenge. In this study, the chromium stabilization mechanism was systematically investigated during chromium-rich tannery sludge was converted to biochar and the removal performance of the sludge biochar (SBC) for Cr(VI) from tannery wastewater was also investigated. The results showed that increase in pyrolysis temperature was conductive to the stabilization of Cr and significant reduction of the proportion of Cr(VI) in SBC. It was confirmed that the stabilization of chromium mainly was attributed to the embedding of chromium in the C matrix and the transformation of the chromium-containing substances from the amorphous Cr(OH)3 to the crystalline state, such as (FeMg)Cr2O5. The biochar presented high adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) at low pH and the maximal theoretical adsorption capacity of SBC produced at 800°C can reach 352 mg Cr(VI)/g, the process of which can be well expressed by Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo second order model. The electrostatic effect and reduction reaction were dominantly responsible for the Cr(VI) adsorption by SBC800. Overall, this study provided a novel strategy for the harmless disposal and resource utilization for the solid waste containing chromium in leather industry.

Dual blockade of EGFR and PI3K signaling pathways offers a therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma.

BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a devastating disease that lacks effective drugs for targeted therapy. Previously, we found that the third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor AZD-9291 persistently blocked the activation of the ERK pathway but had no inhibitory effect on the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. Given that the PI3K inhibitor GDC-0084 is being evaluated in phase I/II clinical trials of GBM treatment, we hypothesized that combined inhibition of the EGFR/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways may have a synergistic effect in the treatment of GBM. METHODS: The synergistic effects of cotreatment with AZD-9291 and GDC-0084 were validated using cell viability assays in GBM and primary GBM cell lines. Moreover, the underlying inhibitory mechanisms were assessed through colony formation, EdU proliferation, and cell cycle assays, as well as RNA-seq analyses and western blot. The therapeutic effects of the drug combination on tumor growth and survival were investigated in mice bearing tumors using subcutaneously or intracranially injected LN229 xenografts. RESULTS: Combined treatment with AZD-9291 and GDC-0084 synergistically inhibited the proliferation and clonogenic survival, as well as induced cell cycle arrest of GBM cells and primary GBM cells, compared to monotherapy. Moreover, AZD-9291 plus GDC-0084 combination therapy significantly inhibited the growth of subcutaneous tumors and orthotopic brain tumor xenografts, thus prolonging the survival of tumor-bearing mice. More importantly, the combination of AZD-9291 and GDC-0084 simultaneously blocked the activation of the EGFR/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways, thereby exerting significant antitumor activity. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that the combined blockade of the EGFR/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways is more effective against GBM than inhibition of each pathway alone, both in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that AZD-9291 combined with GDC-0084 may be considered as a potential treatment strategy in future clinical trials. Video Abstract.

Strategic treatment for a patient with missing lateral incisor and first molar accompanied by posterior scissor bite and an impacted premolar.

Managing orthodontic treatment for adults with missing permanent teeth can be intricate, especially when dealing with a posterior scissor bite and an impacted tooth. This case report presents successful treatment of a female patient with dental and skeletal Class II malocclusion, high mandibular plane angle, missing maxillary left lateral incisor and mandibular right first molar, as well as right posterior scissor bite, and a deeply impacted mandibular left second premolar. In the maxilla, the right second molar and right lateral incisor were strategically extracted to eliminate the scissor bite and enhance frontal esthetic balance. In the mandible, the edentulous space caused by early loss of the first molar was successfully closed and the impacted second premolar was guided into its proper position after surgical exposure. Finally, symmetric frontal esthetics, well-aligned dentition with ideal intercuspation and an improved profile were achieved, which remained stable in the 17 month follow-up.

Effect of Intraoperative Opioid Dose on Perioperative Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio in Glioma.

Background: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) are inflammatory biomarkers. Until now, it is unknown the impact of opioid dosage on perioperative immunity in glioma patients. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of intraoperative opioid dosage on perioperative immune perturbations using NLR and LMR as inflammatory biomarkers and evaluate the correlation between inflammatory biomarkers and pathological grade of glioma. Methods: The study included 208 patients with primary glioma who underwent glioma resection from February 2012 to November 2019 at Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital. Complete blood count (CBC) was collected at 3 time points: one week before surgery, and 24 hours and one week after surgery. Patients were divided into high-dose and low-dose groups, based on the median value of intraoperative opioid dose. The relationships between perioperative NLR, LMR and intraoperative opioid dosage were analyzed using repeated measurement analysis of variance (ANOVA). Correlations between preoperative various factors and pathological grade were analyzed by Spearman analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to assess the predictive performance of the NLR and LMR for pathological grade. Results: The NLR (P=0.020) and lower LMR (P=0.037) were statistically significant different between high-dose and low-dose groups one week after surgery. The area under the curve (AUC) of the NLR to identify poor diagnosis was 0.685, which was superior to the LMR (AUC: 0.607) and indicated a correlation between the NLR with pathological grade. The preoperative NLR (P=0.000), LMR (P=0.009), age (P=0.000) and tumor size (P=0.001) exhibited a significant correlation with the pathological grade of glioma. Conclusion: Intraoperative opioids in the high-dose group were associated with higher NLR and lower LMR in postoperative glioma patients. The preoperative NLR and LMR demonstrated predictive value for distinguishing between high-grade and low-grade gliomas.

Effect of Chaihu-Shugan-San on functional dyspepsia and gut microbiota: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Chaihu-Shugan-San (CSS) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula from the Ming Dynasty "Jingyue's Complete Works". In China, it is prevalent for the treatment of a wide range of ailments, with a particular emphasis on functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). Clinical evidence suggests that CSS has been found to be a highly effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of Functional Dyspepsia (FD), however, there is a limited amount of high-quality clinical evidence, particularly randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials to support this claim. AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Chaihu-Shugan-San (CSS) for treating functional dyspepsia (FD) by comparing it to placebos, as well as to investigate the impact of CSS on the gut microbiota in individuals diagnosed with FD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial implemented at Shuguang Hospital in Shanghai. Between May 2021 and December 2022, 94 participants satisfying the Rome IV diagnostic criteria for FD were enrolled. They were assigned randomly to either the CSS group or the placebo group, with an equal allocation ratio of 1:1. Patients in both groups received the intervention for four weeks. The primary outcome was the dyspepsia symptom scores evaluated by using single dyspepsia symptom scale (SDS) after four weeks of treatment. The secondary outcomes were the solid gastric empties rate measured by a barium strip method, Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA), Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), and Functional dyspepsia Quality of life scale (FDDQL). In addition, after unblinding, 30 patients in the CSS group were randomly selected and divided into before and after treatment of the FD groups (FD1, FD2), and 30 healthy participants were selected as healthy control group (HC), and the gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS: After four weeks of treatment, the SDS score exhibited a significant improvement in the CSS group compared to the placebo group (t = 4.882; P ＜0.001). The difference in barium strip gastric emptying rate in the CSS group showed a significant ascent compared to the control group (P < 0.01). The HAMA, HAMD, and FDDQL scores in the CSS group showed a statistically significant increase compared to the control group (all P < 0.01). The results of 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that FD patients had less diverse and abundant microbiota than the healthy people. Additionally, the application of CSS resulted in the modulation of certain bacterial populations, leading to both up-regulation and down-regulation of their quantities. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggested that CSS is more effective compared to a placebo in treating FD, relieves anxiety and depression, increases gastric emptying rate in FD patients, and that CSS also affects the bacterial community structure in FD patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR, ChiCTR2100045793. Registered 25 Mach 2021.

Intraoperative femurofibular angle combined with tibiofibular angle measurement has fewer correction errors in open-wedge high tibial osteotomy.

AIM: This study aimed to verify the accuracy of intraoperative femurofibular angle combined with tibiofibular angle (FFA-TFA) measurement and compare it with traditional alignment line methods in open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO). METHODS: A total of 174 knees of 122 patients undergoing OWHTO and using an alignment line or FFA-TFA measurement as an index of optimal correction were included in this retrospective study. The intraoperative alignment line passed through the targeted weight-bearing line (WBL) of the tibial plateau in the alignment line group. The intraoperative FFA-TFA aligned to the preplanned FFA-TFA angle in the FFA-TFA group. WBL, FFA, TFA, and knee joint-line convergence angle of the femur and tibia were assessed as radiological results preoperatively and one year after surgery. The Knee Society Score and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities were assessed as objective clinical results. RESULTS: Postoperative WBL in the FFA-TFA group was closer to the target WBL than in the alignment line group (FFA-TFA vs alignment line group: 1.43 ± 1.20% vs 3.82 ± 3.29%; P < 0.001). The FFA-TFA group had fewer over-correction and under-correction rates than the alignment line group (28.7% and 12.6% vs 11.5% and 3.40%; P < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in the clinical results between the two groups one year after surgery (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The intraoperative measurement of FFA-TFA had fewer complications in terms of under-correction and over-correction compared with the alignment line measurement. No significant differences between the two methods were observed in clinical results one year after surgery.

Success rate of current human-derived gastric cancer organoids establishment and influencing factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Human-derived gastric cancer organoids (GCOs) are widely used in gastric cancer research; however, the culture success rate is generally low. AIM: To explore the potential influencing factors, and the literature on successful culture rates of GCOs was reviewed using meta-analysis. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE were searched for studies. Two trained researchers selected the studies and extracted data. STATA 17.0 software was used for meta-analysis of the incidence of each outcome event. The adjusted Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies scale was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Funnel plots and Egger's test were used to detect publication bias. Subgroup analyses were conducted for sex, tissue source, histological classification, and the pathological tumor-node-metastasis (pTNM) cancer staging system. RESULTS: Eight studies with a pooled success rate of 66.6% were included. GCOs derived from women and men had success rates of 67% and 46.7%, respectively. GCOs from surgery or biopsy/endoscopic submucosal dissection showed success rates of 70.9% and 53.7%, respectively. GCOs of poorly-differentiated, moderately-differentiated and signet-ring cell cancer showed success rates of 64.6%, 31%, and 32.7%, respectively. GCOs with pTNM stages I-II and III-IV showed success rates of 38.3% and 65.2%, respectively. Y-27632 and non-Y-27632 use showed success rates of 58.2% and 70%, respectively. GCOs generated with collagenase were more successful than those constructed with Liberase TH and TrypLE (72.1% vs 71%, respectively). EDTA digestion showed a 50% lower success rate than other methods (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: GCO establishment rate is low and varies by sex, tissue source, histological type, and pTNM stage. Omitting Y-27632, and using Liberase TH, TrypLE, or collagenase yields greater success than EDTA.

Chaihu Shugan Powder inhibits interstitial cells of cajal mitophagy through USP30 in the treatment of functional dyspepsia.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Chaihu Shugan Powder (CHSGP) has significant clinical efficacy in the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD), but the specific mechanism requires further study. AIM OF STUDY: The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of CHSGP on FD rats and the underlying mechanism of the effect on interstitial cells of cajal (ICC) mitophagy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The tail-clamping stimulation method was utilized to establish an FD rat model in vivo. Gastric emptying rate and small intestinal propulsion rate test, H&E staining, and Immunohistochemistry were conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effects of CHSGP on FD rats. In vitro, the regulatory effect of CHSGP on CCCP-mediated ICC mitophagy was further investigated by CCK8, Transmission electron microscope, immunofluorescence co-staining, Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot to reveal the potential mechanisms of CHSGP inhibited ICC mitophagy. RESULTS: Animal experiments provided evidence that CHSGP promoted gastric motility, increased ICC numbers, reduced Parkin expression, and elevated USP30 expression in FD rats. In vitro, further mechanism research demonstrated that CHSGP decreased LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ、PINK1、Parkin、PHB2 protein expression and increased USP30 protein expression. Furthermore, CHSGP increased Mfn2 protein expression by suppressing activation of the PINK1/Parkin pathway when USP30 is knocked down, consequently reducing CCCP-induced ICC mitophagy. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that CHSGP may treat FD against CCCP-induced ICC mitophagy by the up-regulation of via PINK1/Parkin pathway.

Association of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone and bone mineral density in Chinese adults with normal thyroid function.

PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate the association of serum TSH with BMD in Chinese adults with normal thyroid function. METHODS: These participants were divided into tertiles based on serum TSH levels. Linear regression model and multinomial logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations of continuous BMD and categorical BMD with serum TSH, respectively. RESULTS: In women younger than 60 years, BMD decreased with the increase of TSH at normal level, while in women older than 60 years, BMD increased with the increase of TSH at normal level; besides, the BMD of women younger than 60 years old was significantly higher than that of women over 60 years old (156.05 ± 39.34 mg/cm3 vs. 86.95 ± 29.51 mg/cm3, P < 0.001). Linear regression results showed negative associations of BMD and normal TSH level in women with age younger than 60 years (ß=-4.34, P < 0.001), but this inverse trend was observed in women over 60 years old (ß = 2.04, P = 0.041). Both in men younger than 60 years and over 60 years old, BMD decreased with the increase of TSH at normal levels; besides, the BMD of men younger than 60 years was significantly higher than those over 60 years old (143.08 ± 32.76 mg/cm3 vs. 108.13 ± 31.99 mg/cm3, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated an opposite trend in BMD at normal TSH levels in younger and elder females, that is, in females younger than 60 years, BMD decreased with the increase of TSH, which indicated that TSH might play a different role in younger and elder females. However, this trend was not significant in males.

Bibliometrics analysis based on the Web of Science: Current trends and perspective of gastric organoid during 2010-2023.

BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional organoid culture systems have been established as a robust tool for elucidating mechanisms and performing drug efficacy testing. The use of gastric organoid models holds significant promise for advancing personalized medicine research. However, a comprehensive bibliometric review of this bur-geoning field has not yet been published. AIM: To analyze and understand the development, impact, and direction of gastric organoid research using bibliometric methods using data from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. METHODS: This analysis encompassed literature pertaining to gastric organoids published between 2010 and 2023, as indexed in the WoSCC. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to depict network maps illustrating collaborations among authors, institutions and keywords related to gastric organoid. Citation, co-citation, and burst analysis methodologies were applied to assess the impact and progress of research. RESULTS: A total of 656 relevant studies were evaluated. The majority of research was published in gastroenterology-focused journals. Globally, Yana Zavros, Hans Clevers, James M Wells, Sina Bartfeld, and Chen Zheng were the 5 most productive authors, while Hans Clevers, Huch Meritxell, Johan H van Es, Marc Van de Wetering, and Sato Toshiro were the foremost influential scientists in this area. Institutions from the University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands Institute for Developmental Biology (Utrecht), and University of Cincinnati (Cincinnati, OH, United States) made the most significant contributions. Currently, gastric organoids are used mainly in studies investigating gastric cancer (GC), Helicobacter pylori-infective gastritis, with a focus on the mechanisms of GC, and drug screening tests. CONCLUSION: Key focus areas of research using gastric organoids include unraveling disease mechanisms and enhancing drug screening techniques. Major contributions from renowned academic institutions highlight this field's dynamic growth.